Trait Anger Symptoms and Emotion Regulation: The Effectiveness of Reappraisal, Acceptance and Suppression Strategies in Regulating Anger

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen L. Germain ◽  
Maria Kangas
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Trait Anger ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
State Anger ◽  
Anger Arousal ◽  
Substantial Decline

Objective: The aim of the current study was to compare the effects of instructed cognitive reappraisal, acceptance and emotional suppression on state anger after provocation among individuals with high trait anger. The moderating effects of trait emotion regulation (ER) styles were also examined. Method: Adults (N = 102) with elevated levels of trait anger were randomised to one of three ER conditions. Participants in both the reappraisal and emotional suppression conditions reported a decline in state anger and systolic blood pressure (SBP) post-anger provocation, whereas participants in the acceptance group did not experience a substantial decline in state anger or SBP post-anger provocation. Trait suppression was further found to enhance the effects of instructed suppression, while trait tolerance augmented the effects of instructed reappraisal. Conclusions: Support was found for the use of reappraisal and emotional suppression as adaptive strategies to cope with anger arousal in the short term after provocation.

Transdiagnostic perspective on psychological inflexibility and emotional dysregulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Bruno Faustino
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
Psychological Inflexibility ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Abstract Background: Psychological inflexibility and emotional dysregulation are a hallmark of psychopathology, being intrinsically embedded in emotional and personality disorders. However, the transdiagnostic mechanisms of psychological inflexibility and emotional dysregulation domains are still a matter of discussion. Aims: The present study aims to explore the relationships between cognitive fusion (as a measure of psychological inflexibility), emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal and emotional suppression and emotional dysregulation domains in two different samples. Method: In a cross-sectional design, 297 individuals were assessed with self-report measures and divided into non-clinical (n = 231) and clinical samples (n = 66), according to diagnosis. Results: Results showed that the degree of cognitive fusion was higher in the clinical sample. However, significant correlations between cognitive fusion, emotional regulation strategies and emotional dysregulation domains were found in the two samples. Cognitive reappraisal and emotional dysregulation domains predicted cognitive fusion and mediated the relationship between cognitive fusion and symptomatology in the two samples. Conclusions: Relationships between cognitive fusion and emotional dysregulation domains were found independent of diagnosis. The implementation of emotion regulation strategies may be related to individual differences. However, cognitive fusion, reappraisal and lack of strategies may be core transdiagnostic features in psychological inflexibility and emotion dysregulation.

Cultural Differences in Perceptual Strategies Underlying Emotion Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1014-1026
Author(s):  
Genna M. Bebko ◽  
Bobby K. Cheon ◽  
Kevin N. Ochsner ◽  
Joan Y. Chiao
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Caucasian American ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures

Cultural norms for the experience, expression, and regulation of emotion vary widely between individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Collectivistic cultures value conformity, social harmony, and social status hierarchies, which demand sensitivity and focus to broader social contexts, such that attention is directed to contextual emotion information to effectively function within constrained social roles and suppress incongruent personal emotions. By contrast, individualistic cultures valuing autonomy and personal aspirations are more likely to attend to central emotion information and to reappraise emotions to avoid negative emotional experience. Here we examined how culture affects perceptual strategies employed during emotion regulation, particularly during cognitive reappraisal and emotional suppression. Eye movements were measured while healthy young adult participants viewed negative International Affective Picture System (IAPS) images and regulated emotions by using either strategies of reappraisal (19 Asian American, 21 Caucasian American) or suppression (21 Asian American, 23 Caucasian American). After image viewing, participants rated how negative they felt as a measure of subjective emotional experience. Consistent with prior studies, reappraisers made lower negative valence ratings after regulating emotions than suppressers across both Asian American and Caucasian American groups. Although no cultural variation was observed in subjective emotional experience during emotion regulation, we found evidence of cultural variation in perceptual strategies used during emotion regulation. During middle and late time periods of emotional suppression, Asian American participants made significantly fewer fixations to emotionally salient areas than Caucasian American participants. These results indicate cultural variation in perceptual differences underlying emotional suppression, but not cognitive reappraisal.

scholarly journals Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ): Evidence of Construct Validity and Internal Consistency

Psico-USF ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdiney Veloso Gouveia ◽  
Hysla Magalhães de Moura ◽  
Isabel Cristina Vasconcelos de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Gabriela Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Alessandro Teixeira Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Gather evidence of construct and convergent validity and internal consistency of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). A total of 441 students, mostly female (54.6%), with a mean age of 16 years (SD = 1.14), answered the ERQ and demographic questions. They were randomly distributed in two databases, which were submitted to exploratory (sample 1) and confirmatory factor analysis (sample 2). The exploratory results indicated a three-factor structure: Cognitive Reappraisal, Redirection of Attentional Focus and Emotional Suppression, which together explained 59.3% of the total variance (α = 0,67; α = 0,63; α = 0,64). For the confirmatory analyses, the following goodness-of-fit indices were found: χ² (24) = 67.02, p <0.001; χ² / df = 2.79, GFI = 0.93; AGFI = 0.88; CFI = 0.88 and RMSEA = 0.08 (IC 90% = 0.064-0.100). Thus, it is concluded that the ERQ possesses satisfactory psychometric indices, being the promising instrument for evaluation of emotion regulation.

scholarly journals Cross Cultural Variation in Emotion Regulation: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nosheen Ramzan ◽  
Naumana Amjad
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures

<p>A systematic review of literature on emotion regulation is carried out with the aim to identify, analyze and compare the commonly used emotion regulatory strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) in individualistic and collectivistic cultures including Pakistan and to study outcomes of different emotion regulation strategies in culture specific context. A systematic search has been conducted for required articles which have been published between 1990 and 2015. Only those studies have been included in the review which reported either cognitive reappraisal or expressive suppression in their findings. Review indicates that individualistic cultures prefer emotional expression to regulate emotions while collectivistic cultures, such as in Pakistan, focus more on expressive suppression. Emotional suppression can cause mental disease, physiological illness, and poor social and psychological adjustment. To sum up, culture predicts whether individuals are motivated to express or suppress their emotions. Collectivist culture encourages greatest control on emotion expression while interacting with family and friends with more emphasis on maintaining social harmony. On the other hand, individualistic culture endorses comparatively less expression of negative emotions especially towards strangers. Adjusting one’s emotion to the social environment is more important in cultural context.</p>

Concurrent and Lagged Relations between Emotion Regulation and Affect in Adolescents’ Daily Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Silva ◽  
Teresa Freire ◽  
Susana Faria
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Trait Level

AbstractA better understanding of emotion regulation (ER) within daily life is a growing focus of research. This study evaluated the average use of two ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and concurrent and lagged relationships between these two ER strategies and affect (positive and negative affect) in the daily lives of adolescents. We also investigated the role of the same strategies at the trait level on these within-person relationships. Thirty-three adolescents provided 1,258 reports of their daily life by using the Experience Sampling Method for one week. Regarding the relative use of ER strategies, cognitive reappraisal (M = 2.87, SD = 1.58) was used more often than expressive suppression (M = 2.42, SD = 1.21). While the use of both strategies was positively correlated when evaluated in daily life (p = .01), the same did not occur at the trait level (p = .37). Multilevel analysis found that ER strategies were concurrently related to affect (p < .01), with the exception of cognitive reappraisal-positive affect relationship (p = .11). However, cognitive reappraisal predicted higher positive affect at the subsequent sampling moment ( β = 0.07, p = .03). The concurrent associations between cognitive reappraisal and negative affect vary as function of the use of this strategy at the trait level (β = 0.05, p = .02). Our findings highlighted the complex associations between daily ER strategies and affect of a normative sample of adolescents.

scholarly journals Thinking and Feeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Scult ◽  
Annchen R. Knodt ◽  
Johnna R. Swartz ◽  
Bartholomew D. Brigidi ◽  
Ahmad R. Hariri
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Math Problems

Calculating math problems from memory may seem unrelated to everyday processing of emotions, but they have more in common than one might think. Prior research highlights the importance of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in executive control, intentional emotion regulation, and experience of dysfunctional mood and anxiety. Although it has been hypothesized that emotion regulation may be related to “cold” (i.e., not emotion-related) executive control, this assertion has not been tested. We address this gap by providing evidence that greater dlPFC activity during cold executive control is associated with increased use of cognitive reappraisal to regulate emotions in everyday life. We then demonstrate that in the presence of increased life stress, increased dlPFC activity is associated with lower mood and anxiety symptoms and clinical diagnoses. Collectively, our results encourage ongoing efforts to understand prefrontal executive control as a possible intervention target for improving emotion regulation in mood and anxiety disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document