Emotion regulation in inter-group conflict: An experimental study of cognitive reappraisal

AbstractA better understanding of emotion regulation (ER) within daily life is a growing focus of research. This study evaluated the average use of two ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and concurrent and lagged relationships between these two ER strategies and affect (positive and negative affect) in the daily lives of adolescents. We also investigated the role of the same strategies at the trait level on these within-person relationships. Thirty-three adolescents provided 1,258 reports of their daily life by using the Experience Sampling Method for one week. Regarding the relative use of ER strategies, cognitive reappraisal (M = 2.87, SD = 1.58) was used more often than expressive suppression (M = 2.42, SD = 1.21). While the use of both strategies was positively correlated when evaluated in daily life (p = .01), the same did not occur at the trait level (p = .37). Multilevel analysis found that ER strategies were concurrently related to affect (p < .01), with the exception of cognitive reappraisal-positive affect relationship (p = .11). However, cognitive reappraisal predicted higher positive affect at the subsequent sampling moment ( β = 0.07, p = .03). The concurrent associations between cognitive reappraisal and negative affect vary as function of the use of this strategy at the trait level (β = 0.05, p = .02). Our findings highlighted the complex associations between daily ER strategies and affect of a normative sample of adolescents.

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Cognitive Reappraisal and Self-Compassion as Emotion Regulation Strategies for Parents during COVID-19: An Online Randomized Controlled Trial

Internet Interventions ◽

10.1016/j.invent.2021.100388 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100388

Author(s):

Preuss Hanna ◽

Capito Klara ◽

van Eickels ◽

Rahel Lea ◽

Zemp Martina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Regulation Strategies

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Thinking and Feeling

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/2167702616654688 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 150-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Matthew A. Scult ◽

Annchen R. Knodt ◽

Johnna R. Swartz ◽

Bartholomew D. Brigidi ◽

Ahmad R. Hariri

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Everyday Life ◽

Executive Control ◽

Life Stress ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽

Clinical Diagnoses ◽

Math Problems

Calculating math problems from memory may seem unrelated to everyday processing of emotions, but they have more in common than one might think. Prior research highlights the importance of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in executive control, intentional emotion regulation, and experience of dysfunctional mood and anxiety. Although it has been hypothesized that emotion regulation may be related to “cold” (i.e., not emotion-related) executive control, this assertion has not been tested. We address this gap by providing evidence that greater dlPFC activity during cold executive control is associated with increased use of cognitive reappraisal to regulate emotions in everyday life. We then demonstrate that in the presence of increased life stress, increased dlPFC activity is associated with lower mood and anxiety symptoms and clinical diagnoses. Collectively, our results encourage ongoing efforts to understand prefrontal executive control as a possible intervention target for improving emotion regulation in mood and anxiety disorders.

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The Relationship Between Cognitive Reappraisal and Psychological Well-Being during Early Adolescence: A Scoping Review Protocol

10.31234/osf.io/k3rs2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher Shum ◽

Samantha Dockray ◽

Jennifer McMahon

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Early Adolescents ◽

Well Being ◽

Brain Maturation ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Early adolescence has been defined as a sensitive developmental period for psychological well-being. As children transition into early adolescence, they begin to regulate their emotions independently of their caregivers and they integrate cognitive processes into their emotion regulation. Brain maturation during early adolescence facilitates the emotion regulation strategy of cognitive reappraisal, whereby adolescents develop the ability to change how they think about an emotion-evoking stimulus to then change how they feel in any given moment. The development of cognitive reappraisal has been found to improve psychological well-being among adults. However, there has been a lack of empirical research identifying the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and psychological well-being among early adolescents. As such, there is a need to highlight gaps in knowledge and to identify and summarise the key findings that have examined cognitive reappraisal and psychological well-being during early adolescence.Methods: The current scoping review will adhere to the guidelines of Arksey and O’Malleys’ scoping review methodology (2005). Five research databases (PsychArticles, PsychINFO, EBSCO, ERIC and Education Source) and two unpublished/grey literature databases (NICE-UK and OpenGrey) will be used to identify relevant literature. Two independent reviewers will then screen the identified studies in accordance with pre-specified eligibility criteria and extract data based on evidence source characteristics, and details regarding the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and psychological well-being. The data will then be charted, organised into main findings and presented as a narrative summary.Discussion: The findings from the scoping review will give an overview of the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and psychological well-being among early adolescents and provide future directions to account for gaps in the research. The results will be disseminated through journals, conferences, blogs and podcasts related to adolescent development, adolescent health and emotion regulation.

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Emotion Regulation Choice: Differences in U.S. and Indian Populations

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0402.160 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ashish Mehta ◽

Gerald Young ◽

Alyssa Wicker ◽

Sarah Barber ◽

Gaurav Suri

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Choice Behavior ◽

Indian Philosophy ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

The Past ◽

Intensity Images ◽

Internal And External Factors ◽

Effective Use

In the past two decades, researchers have conclusively demonstrated that various emotion regulation (ER) strategies give rise to differing consequences. Such findings have prompted an examination of the internal and external factors that contribute to emotion regulation choice. Previous empirical studies modeling ER choice have been limited to Western samples. Based on knowledge of the role of culture in other choice behavior, we sought to test whether culture was a driver of ER choice. For the present studies, we compared ER choices of participants from India, to ER choices of participants from the U.S.A. Research demonstrating a correlation between religiosity and effective use of cognitive reappraisal lead us to anticipate the more religious India showing higher rates of cognitive reappraisal. Based on the incorporation of acceptance themes in Indian philosophy, as well as higher rates of fatalistic outlooks in India, we also expected to see Indian participants more frequently using an acceptance ER strategy. We further expected that difference in choice strategies would be moderated by emotional intensity of the stimuli. To test these hypotheses, we presented high and low-intensity emotion-eliciting images to both samples and recorded ER choice selections. We discovered that as hypothesized, the Indian sample was significantly more likely to use cognitive reappraisal than the U.S. sample, specifically for high intensity images. Contrary to our hypothesis, the choice rate for acceptance was indistinguishable in the Indian and U.S. samples. This research indicates that culture bears considerably on which strategies people choose to employ when regulating emotion in response to negative stimuli.

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Reduced effective emotion regulation in night owls.

10.31234/osf.io/4jxb5 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ray Norbury

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Self Report ◽

Quality Trait ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Specific Emotion ◽

Depression Symptomatology ◽

Age Range

Previous research has demonstrated a clear link between late chronotype and depression. The vulnerability factors underpinning this link, however, are unclear. Here the relationship between two specific emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and chronotype was investigated using multiple regression. Two hundred and fourty participants (age range 18- 80, 189 females) completed validated self-report questionnaires assaying chronotype, neuroticism, depression symptomatology, sleep quality and emotion regulation. Eveningness was associated increased expressive suppression and morningness was associated with increased cognitive reappraisal after controlling for age, gender, depressive symptomatology, neuroticism and sleep quality. Trait expressive suppression and reduced cognitive reappraisal are known to increase depression risk. Our results suggest that eveningness is associated with impaired emotion regulation which may confer risk for future depression. These findings suggest modifiable markers that could be therapeutically targeted to prevent the onset of depression in late chronotype individuals.

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Stress and emotion regulation in resident doctors at a tertiary care hospital of North India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20193628 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 3289

Author(s):

Chitvan Singh ◽

Udeyana Singh ◽

Anshu Soni ◽

Rohit Verma

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Medical Students ◽

Medical Training ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

North India ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Emotion Suppression ◽

Post Graduate ◽

Graduate Medical

Background: The stress of medical training stems from academic pressure, exhausting work hours and striving for perfectionist standards. The demanding nature also requires involvement with emotionally draining aspects of life (human suffering, death, sexuality and fear). This may impair quality of life of medical students and influence patient care. As a consequence, post graduate medical students can experience an alarming amount of stress-associated anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and even suicide. Chronic stress is also known to influence memory, learning and especially problem-solving abilities which require flexible thinking. The study was carried out to evaluate the relationship of stress to cognitive reappraisal and emotion suppression in post graduate medical students. Methods: 150 post graduate medical students participated in the study. Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Professional Life Stress Questionnaire were administered on each participant. Data collected was kept confidential. Results were tabulated and statistically analysed.Results: Out of 150 participants, 85 (56.67%) experienced stress. 65 (43.33%) participants had stress in the moderate range, 20 (13.33%) participants had stress in the problematic area for whom remedial action was required. 52% showed high cognitive reappraisal, while 54% showed emotional suppression.Conclusions: The correlation between stress, cognitive reappraisal and between stress, emotion suppression showed weak strengths.

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