Role of Gamma Oscillations for Information Processing and Memory Formation in the Neocortex

2000 ◽  
pp. 167-192
Author(s):  
Matthias H. J. Munk
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Memory Formation

scholarly journals Oscillations support co-firing of neurons in the service of human memory formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Roux ◽  
George Parish ◽  
Ramesh Chelvarajah ◽  
David T. Rollings ◽  
Vijay Sawlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Neural Firing ◽  
Memory Failure

AbstractBrain oscillations have been demonstrated to support information transfer between neurons in animal models of memory. However, direct evidence for a similar role of oscillations in humans has so far remained unclear. Here we show that theta and gamma oscillations in the medial-temporal-lobe synchronize neural firing during a memory task. We observe that faster oscillations at theta- and gamma frequencies correlate with co-firing of neurons at short latencies (~20-30 ms) and occur during successful memory formation. Slower oscillations in these same frequency bands, by contrast, correlate with longer co-firing latencies and occur during memory failure. A computational model supports the present effects and links these findings to synaptic plasticity. Together, the results support the long-standing assumption that correlated neural firing supports human episodic memory formation.One Sentence Summaryheta and gamma oscillations induce co-firing of neurons in the human medial temporal lobe during successful memory formation.

scholarly journals The Treachery of Images: Objects, Pictures, Words and the Role of Affordances in Similarity Judgements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Wilford ◽  
Vicente Raja ◽  
Meghan Hershey ◽  
Michael L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Strategy ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Similarity Judgement ◽  
Similarity Judgments ◽  
Similarity Judgements

Categorization is a fundamental cognitive strategy employed to ease information processing and to aid memory formation. Past research on how humans categorize objects has used images of objects as experimental stimuli. Results suggest these stimuli are categorized based on abstract linguistic concepts. Concurrently, studies in the past 10 years have found differences in the processing of images as compared to real-world objects. One proposed explanation is that these results are due to differences in the affordances of images versus objects. Using a similarity judgement paradigm, we have explored the effect of affordances in a categorization task including words (object names), images, and objects. Consistent with previous research, we found significant differences in how participants made similarity judgements of images and objects. Moreover, we found that similarity judgments using object names were much more similar to the judgments of pictures than of objects. An exploratory cluster analysis opens the possibility of framing such differences as affordance driven. These results suggest a need for more ecologically valid categorization tasks, more conservative inferences when using images as stimuli in these tasks, and the need for further exploring the role of affordances in categorization.

Rising up to the 'challenge'? The interactive role of need for closure and situational appraisals on information processing

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindhuja Sankaran ◽  
Joanna Grzymala-Moszczynska ◽  
Agnieszka Strojny ◽  
Pawel Strojny ◽  
Malgorzata Kossowska
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Need For Closure

Does a Ribosome Really Read? On the Cognitive Roots and Heuristic Value of Linguistic Metaphors in Molecular Genetics. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
Suren T. Zolyan
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Formal Organization ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
The Core ◽  
Genetic Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Frame ◽  
Effective Instrument

We discuss the role of linguistic metaphors as a cognitive frame for the understanding of genetic information processing. The essential similarity between language and genetic information processing has been recognized since the very beginning, and many prominent scholars have noted the possibility of considering genes and genomes as texts or languages. Most of the core terms in molecular biology are based on linguistic metaphors. The processing of genetic information is understood as some operations on text – writing, reading and editing and their specification (encoding/decoding, proofreading, transcription, translation, reading frame). The concept of gene reading can be traced from the archaic idea of the equation of Life and Nature with the Book. Thus, the genetics itself can be metaphorically represented as some operations on text (deciphering, understanding, code-breaking, transcribing, editing, etc.), which are performed by scientists. At the same time linguistic metaphors portrayed gene entities also as having the ability of reading. In the case of such “bio-reading” some essential features similar to the processes of human reading can be revealed: this is an ability to identify the biochemical sequences based on their function in an abstract system and distinguish between type and its contextual tokens of the same type. Metaphors seem to be an effective instrument for representation, as they make possible a two-dimensional description: biochemical by its experimental empirical results and textual based on the cognitive models of comprehension. In addition to their heuristic value, linguistic metaphors are based on the essential characteristics of genetic information derived from its dual nature: biochemical by its substance, textual (or quasi-textual) by its formal organization. It can be concluded that linguistic metaphors denoting biochemical objects and processes seem to be a method of description and explanation of these heterogeneous properties.

Role of MicroRNA Genes miR-1000 and miR-375 in Forming Olfactory Conditional Memory in Drosophila melanogaster

MicroRNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadniman Rahman ◽  
Chaity Modak ◽  
Mousumi Akter ◽  
Mohammad Shamimul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Neural Integration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Locomotion Speed ◽  
Microrna Genes ◽  
With Memory

Background: Learning and memory is basic aspects in neurogenetics as most of the neurological disorders start with dementia or memory loss. Several genes associated with memory formation have been discovered. MicroRNA genes miR-1000 and miR-375 were reported to be associated with neural integration and glucose homeostasis in some insects and vertebrates. However, neuronal function of these genes is yet to be established in D. melanogaster. Objective: Possible role of miR-1000 and miR-375 in learning and memory formation in this fly has been explored in the present study. Methods: Both appetitive and aversive olfactory conditional learning were tested in the miR-1000 and miR-375 knockout (KO) strains and compared with wild one. Five days old third instar larvae were trained by allowing them to be associated with an odor with reward (fructose) or punishment (salt). Then, the larvae were tested to calculate their preferences to the odor trained with. Learning index (LI) values and larval locomotion speed were calculated for all strains. Results: No significant difference was observed for larval locomotion speed in mutant strains. Knockout strain of miR-1000 showed significant deficiency in both appetitive and aversive memory formation whereas miR-375 KO strain showed a significantly lower response only in appetitive one. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate important role played by these two genes in forming short-term memory in D. melanogaster.

Emotion information processing as a new component of emotional intelligence: Theoretical framework and empirical evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110076
Author(s):  
Marina Fiori ◽  
Shagini Udayar ◽  
Ashley Vesely Maillefer
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Ability Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Processing Component ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and emotion information processing (EIP) has received surprisingly little attention in the literature. The present research addresses these gaps in the literature by introducing a conceptualization of emotional intelligence as composed of two distinct components: (1) EIK or emotion Knowledge component, captured by current ability emotional intelligence tests, related to top-down, higher order reasoning about emotions, and which depends more strongly on acquired and culture-bound knowledge about emotions; (2) EIP or emotion information Processing component, measured with emotion information processing tasks, requires faster processing and is based on bottom-up attention-related responses to emotion information. In Study 1 ( N = 349) we tested the factorial structure of this new EIP component within the nomological network of intelligence and current ability emotional intelligence. In Study 2 ( N =111) we tested the incremental validity of EIP in predicting both overall performance and the charisma of a presenter while presenting in a stressful situation. Results support the importance of acknowledging the role of emotion information processing in the emotional intelligence literature and point to the utility of introducing a new EI measure that would capture stable individual differences in how individuals process emotion information.

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