Family and genetic influences: is anxiety ‘all in the family’?

2000 ◽  
pp. 235-254
Author(s):  
Frits Boer ◽  
Ingeborg Lindhout
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Influences ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Comparison of Adopted and Nonadopted Individuals Reveals Gene–Environment Interplay for Education in the UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Cheesman ◽  
Avina Hunjan ◽  
Jonathan R. I. Coleman ◽  
Yasmin Ahmadzadeh ◽  
Robert Plomin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Uk

Polygenic scores now explain approximately 10% of the variation in educational attainment. However, they capture not only genetic propensity but also information about the family environment. This is because of passive gene–environment correlation, whereby the correlation between offspring and parent genotypes results in an association between offspring genotypes and the rearing environment. We measured passive gene–environment correlation using information on 6,311 adoptees in the UK Biobank. Adoptees’ genotypes were less correlated with their rearing environments because they did not share genes with their adoptive parents. We found that polygenic scores were twice as predictive of years of education in nonadopted individuals compared with adoptees ( R2s = .074 vs. .037, p = 8.23 × 10−24). Individuals in the lowest decile of polygenic scores for education attained significantly more education if they were adopted, possibly because of educationally supportive adoptive environments. Overall, these results suggest that genetic influences on education are mediated via the home environment.

scholarly journals Genetic Vulnerability to Experiencing Child Maltreatment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Pezzoli ◽  
Jan Antfolk ◽  
Alexander Samir Hatoum ◽  
pekka santtila
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shared Genetic

Although there are multiple forms of experiences of childhood maltreatment (CM), previous research has mainly focused on its different aspects separately. Possible genetic influences on these purportedly environmental causes of later psychopathology have also been largely overlooked. In a large population-based Finnish twin-sample, we investigated the co-occurrence of 55 different adverse experiences and the covariance of the identified latent types of CM. We also estimated the genetic and environmental influences on both the individual adverse experiences and latent types of CM. We found evidence that the reported CM are influenced by genetic factors. Importantly, specific genetic and environmental factors still influenced traits that modulate the risk of sexual abuse after accounting for shared genetic influences on all types of CM and on their covariance. Genes and shared environments differently influenced the occurrence of CM within and outside the family. Finally, we found evidence that heritable traits might bias retrospective self-reports of experiences more susceptible to interpretation.

Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics in the Context of Family and Couple Problems

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R.H. Beach ◽  
Gene H. Brody ◽  
Steven M. Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Family Processes ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Prevention Trials ◽  
Family Centered ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Genetic and epigenetic processes are becoming increasingly relevant to our understanding of couple and family processes. We first briefly review the emerging literature on genetic influences on couple and family processes with a particular focus on the use of family-centered prevention trials as a potentially powerful vehicle for testing molecular genetic hypotheses. We then discuss the emergence of epigenetics in the couple and family arena and its potential to change our view of development within the family. We argue that couple and family researchers may benefit from increased familiarity with the broad themes that are emerging in genetic and epigenetically informed family literatures.

Triassic sponges (Sphinctozoa) from Hells Canyon, Oregon

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baba Senowbari-Daryan ◽  
George D. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Island Arc ◽  
Tropical Island ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wallowa Terrane ◽  
Unique Condition ◽  
Hells Canyon

Two Upper Triassic sphinctozoan sponges of the family Sebargasiidae were recovered from silicified residues collected in Hells Canyon, Oregon. These sponges areAmblysiphonellacf.A. steinmanni(Haas), known from the Tethys region, andColospongia whalenin. sp., an endemic species. The latter sponge was placed in the superfamily Porata by Seilacher (1962). The presence of well-preserved cribrate plates in this sponge, in addition to pores of the chamber walls, is a unique condition never before reported in any porate sphinctozoans. Aporate counterparts known primarily from the Triassic Alps have similar cribrate plates but lack the pores in the chamber walls. The sponges from Hells Canyon are associated with abundant bivalves and corals of marked Tethyan affinities and come from a displaced terrane known as the Wallowa Terrane. It was a tropical island arc, suspected to have paleogeographic relationships with Wrangellia; however, these sponges have not yet been found in any other Cordilleran terrane.

Electron Microscopy of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 258-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Boatman ◽  
G. E. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
The Family

Information concerning the morphology and replication of organism of the family Mycoplasmataceae remains, despite over 70 years of study, highly controversial. Due to their small size observations by light microscopy have not been rewarding. Furthermore, not only are these organisms extremely pleomorphic but their morphology also changes according to growth phase. This study deals with the morphological aspects of M. pneumoniae strain 3546 in relation to growth, interaction with HeLa cells and possible mechanisms of replication.The organisms were grown aerobically at 37°C in a soy peptone yeast dialysate medium supplemented with 12% gamma-globulin free horse serum. The medium was buffered at pH 7.3 with TES [N-tris (hyroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid] at 10mM concentration. The inoculum, an actively growing culture, was filtered through a 0.5 μm polycarbonate “nuclepore” filter to prevent transfer of all but the smallest aggregates. Growth was assessed at specific periods by colony counts and 800 ml samples of organisms were fixed in situ with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 3 hrs. at 4°C. Washed cells for sectioning were post-fixed in 0.8% OSO4 in veronal-acetate buffer pH 6.1 for 1 hr. at 21°C. HeLa cells were infected with a filtered inoculum of M. pneumoniae and incubated for 9 days in Leighton tubes with coverslips. The cells were then removed and processed for electron microscopy.

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