Intraovarian Gestation in Viviparous Teleosts: Unique Type of Gestation among Vertebrates

The intraovarian gestation, occurring in teleosts, makes this type of reproduction a such complex and unique condition among vertebrates. This type of gestation of teleosts is expressed in special morphological and physiological characteristic where occurs the viviparity and it is an essential component in the analysis of the evolutionary process of viviparity in vertebrates. In viviparous teleosts, during embryogenesis, there are not development of Müllerian ducts, which form the oviducts in the rest of vertebrates, as a result, exclusively in teleosts, there are not oviducts and the caudal region of the ovary, the gonoduct, connects the ovary to the exterior. The lack of oviducts defines that the embryos develop into the ovary, as intraovarian gestation. The ovary forms the oocytes which may develop different type of oogenesis, according with the storage of diverse amount of yolk, variation observed corresponding to the species. The viviparous gestation is characterized by the possible intimate contact between maternal and embryonic tissues, process that permits their metabolic interchanges. So, the nutrients obtained by the embryos could be deposited in the oocyte before fertilization, contained in the yolk (lecithotrophy), and may be completed during gestation by additional provisioning from maternal tissues to the embryo (matrotrophy). Then, essential requirements for viviparity in poeciliids and goodeids are characterized by: a) the diversification of oogenesis, with the deposition of different amount of yolk in the oocyte; b) the insemination, by the transfer of sperm to the female gonoduct and their transportation from the gonoduct to the germinal region of the ovary where the follicles develop; c) the intrafollicular fertilization; d) the intraovarian gestation with the development of embryos in intrafollicular gestation (as in poeciliids), or intraluminal gestation (as in goodeids); and, e) the origin of embryonic nutrition may be by lecithotrophy and matrotrophy. The focus of this revision compares the general and specific structural characteristics of the viviparity occurring into the intraovarian gestation in teleosts, defining this reproductive strategy, illustrated in this review with histological material in a poeciliid, of the species Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur, 1821) (Poeciliidae), and in a goodeid, of the species Xenotoca eiseni (Rutter, 1896) (Goodeidae).

Urban Landscape and Horror Vacui, spectacularity of a distorted perception

In this paper, the very original urban landscape perception caused by the emergency after the 2020’ New CoronaVirus Pandemic event will be discussed and analyzed. Most of the approaches conducted on social media and on the newspaper have pointed to putting in evidence the spectacular empty cities “as never seen before”, which thing is absolutely correct and underlines a unique condition otherwise almost impossible to experience. In fact, the total lock-down caused by the emergency made it impossible to move from a view of the urban landscape to another, where most of the people were able to see such an emptiness only for their own town, maybe just for their own neighbourhood and maybe just from some lucky windows. The global condition will be watched only composing together the pictures exhibited online and in the newspaper. But … … … A specific set of images, created in the days of the emergency will comment and describe the content of the paper.

Case to highlight a rare differential diagnosis of necrotising fasciitis in the presence of a stoma: peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum

Peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum (PPG) is a rare clinical entity, which can masquerade as the more common and lethal necrotising fasciitis. The authors present a case of PPG in a 65-year-old woman who underwent robotic abdominoperineal resection for low rectal carcinoma and returned 8 days postoperation for peristomal skin ulcerations and pain, accompanied by leucocytosis; thus, she was treated as per necrotising fasciitis and underwent surgical debridement. Thereafter, her wound continued to worsen despite conventional wound care with vacuum-assisted closure and demonstrated signs of pathergy. The case was referred to dermatology where a diagnosis of PPG was made. This case report presents a cautionary tale for fellow clinicians, highlights the diagnostic challenge, and presents an updated literature review on diagnosis and management of this unique condition.

INTRA CARDIAC FREE-FLOATING MICROTHROMBI AND PERICARDITIS IN THE SETTING OF COVID 19: AN UNUSUAL MIX!

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sarscov2), has been shown to cause conventional respiratory distress, in addition to that, there has been recent reports suggesting the cardiovascular system involvement during the course of the infection, including microthrombosis and cardiopulmonary serosal layers infection and inammation although being separately described. The present paper demonstrates the rst reported case of the concomitant presence of intra-cardiac free- oating microthrombi and pericardial effusion secondary to COVID-19 infection, beyond the casual clinical presentation. Case report :A 51 year-old man with no medical history, presented to the emergency department, with a progressively worsening dyspnea, he had an oxygen saturation of 85% on rst medical contact. The chest radiography and the baseline ECG showed respectively multifocal bilateral patchy opacities and a sinus tachycardia with low QRS voltage and t wave inversion in all leads. On further assessment, the echocardiography revealed the presence of free-oating microthrombi in the right atrium and a moderate pericardial effusion. Biological ndings and pulmonary computed tomography were suggestive of sarscov2 infection. Interestingly, there was no evidence of pulmonary embolism. The patient, thus, received heparin therapy and colchicine. We noted a rapid improvement in the following seven days, the hospital discharge was, hence, deemed warranted. Conclusions: This case highlights an unusual presentation of COVID-19 infection, the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges we are facing in this setting. Moreover, it raises the question about the emergent need of a therapeutic regimen, in order to better manage this unique condition and a fortiori mitigate the COVID-19 complications.

Determinant of Macro-Economics: Does Income Inequality Influence Happiness? Evidence From Indonesia

This research aims to see does income inequality determines the happiness of Indonesian. This is important because there is a unique condition where Indonesia to be one of the developing nations which have a complexity of the income inequality issue, but it still has a high happiness index rate. This research uses cross-sectional data consisting of multiple indicators of all the variables from 34 provinces of Indonesia such as inflation, unemployment, and government investment as the macroeconomic factors, which have a direct impact on income inequality as well as happiness index, and this research uses path analysis model.The result delineates that although macro economics variables and income inequality have negative correlation toward happiness of Indonesian, it it not fully effected on it because most happiness of Indonesians are coming from another aspect such as socio-culture and religiosity

Dissociachotic: Seeing the Nonpsychosis We Share

The potential for growth within a relationship between individuals experiencing “psychotic” and “nonpsychotic” realities in based in acceptance of a shared human vulnerability. Through the human-to-human relationship, acceptance of the mutual experience of ontological insecurity and fear of nihilation can facilitate the emergence of a “nonpsychotic” reality. Interconnectedness, that occurs through the process of growth within a loving, nongoal–orientated relationship, leads to a negation of the need for an altered state to exist to defend the threat of nihilation in the person experiencing “psychosis,” and the person in a “nonpsychotic” state to resist the attempt to change the legitimate reality the other person is experiencing. The ensuing changes to the liminal space occupied by a person said to be in a “psychotic” state, when being together in a coexisting same experience, can lead to mutual growth and the evaporation of the so labelled “psychotic” state. This demonstrates the “psychotic” experience is more consistent with a dissociative response to threat in relationship and could be reframed as a “Dissociachotic”—a form of dissociation that has been mislabelled as a unique condition of “psychosis” due to its specific representation of creating safety for a person experiencing threat in relationship.

Dressmaking rediscovered: When design meets fashion in Helsinki

Fashion design as a combined term conveys a different connotation than separate words of fashion and design. This is due to the complexity of the fashion system that also involves certain social prejudices, such as gendered practice and being shallow. This has set a gap for considering fashion design as a serious topic to study in comparison to other design subfields such as architecture and industrial design. However, this article argues that by emphasizing the dressmaking aspect in designing fashion, prejudices can be overcome. Finland, especially its capital Helsinki, is an established place for design and an emerging place for fashion. The recent development of the place where the encounter of design and fashion took place provides a unique condition for exploring the contemporary dressmaking practice of Helsinki-based fashion designers. A number of aspects identified from the context are shared to demonstrate how fashion design can be revisited besides the image-making aspect.

Concept of Khiyār in Transaction in Islamic Law

Individuals conducting commercial transactions must carefully weigh-in determining factors prior to sales purchases, either related to goods or pricing. After all, matters are secured, the involved parties can advance with a sales purchase agreement. Nonetheless, a transaction can typically be canceled post an agreement, due to circumspection on part of the seller or buyer, who is allowed to annul his/her initial plan. Islamic Sharia gives rights to transaction cancellation or activation, and this concept is called “Khiyār”. Various mazhab (Islamic schools of jurisprudence) give consent to Khiyār and its enabling guidelines. An example is in a case of defective products or discrepancy on the merchant's original product description, etc. However, depending on the individual situations, all mazhab can either have consensus or disagreement on the nature of Khiyār. This paper emphasizes the debates due to its relevancy in today’s market, which warrants further development into broader consumer protection. A qualitative methodology is used for comparison between various mazhab relating to Khiyār based on Fiqh literature. a Khiyār becomes a right for both the seller and buyer. But, depending on each unique condition, it can also be invalidated.

KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS’ STRATEGIES TO TEACH ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN A MONOLINGUAL SCHOOL IN AMBARAWA, INDONESIA

Living in Ambarawa, which is a small town, an English teacher in such a location has a unique challenge in teaching the target language. This study was conducted at a monolingual kindergarten in Ambarawa, Indonesia. There is one primary question to be answered in this study, which is what strategies were used by English teachers in teaching vocabulary to young learners at a monolingual kindergarten in Ambarawa, Indonesia. Knowing that learning English vocabulary is important, the researchers conducted this research by observing the class ten times and interviewing the English teacher. Class observations, which included the strategies used by the teachers and the learning and teaching process used to collect the data. Besides that, an interview with the teacher was conducted after the class observation to find out the reasons for the teacher in choosing the related teaching strategies. The results of the study presented some various teaching strategies which were used to teach English vocabulary in a monolingual school in Ambarawa. From ten class observations and interviews, three main strategies were identified. The three primary strategies used by the English teacher in a monolingual kindergarten in Ambarawa, Indonesia in teaching English vocabulary to young learners were the use of teaching media, the implementation of appropriate methods and approaches, and the use of fun activities to create a more engaging class. Therefore, given the unique condition of each school, English teachers need to be creative yet wise in choosing the most appropriate teaching strategies to meet the needs of the learners.