Neighborhood Environments

Author(s):  
Ross D. Parke ◽  
Shoon Lio ◽  
Thomas J. Schofield ◽  
Louis Tuthill ◽  
Eric Vega ◽  
...  
2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81.e10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole I. Larson ◽  
Mary T. Story ◽  
Melissa C. Nelson

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 439-439
Author(s):  
Changmin Peng ◽  
Sae Hwang Han ◽  
Jeffrey Burr

Abstract Neighborhood environments shape the availability of resources for social engagement and social interaction, which are associated with better health outcomes. However, these contextual factors are also considered sources of potential social distress and tension, increasing the risk of subsequent health deficits, including cognitive decline. Our understanding of the linkage between childhood neighborhood environments and cognitive functioning in later life is limited. This study employed three waves of nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2015; N = 11,105) to investigate the relationship between self-reported neighborhood social cohesion during childhood (i.e., neighborhood safety, neighbors willing to help, and close-knit neighborhood) and cognitive functioning (Chinese version of TICS). We employed latent growth curve modeling to test hypotheses relating to life course models of childhood conditions and later life cognitive functioning (the long arm of childhood). The results showed that perceptions regarding the willingness of neighbors to help and close-knit neighborhood characteristics during childhood were positively associated with levels of later life cognitive function. Further, growing up in a neighborhood characterized by the willingness of neighbors to help others was negatively associated with the rate of cognitive decline, net of childhood and adulthood covariates. Self-report of neighborhood safety during childhood was unrelated to cognitive function (level and change). These findings underscored the long-term ramifications of childhood conditions as potential risk factors for later-life cognitive health. Social cohesion at the neighborhood level as experienced during childhood may be a protective factor for healthy cognitive aging among older Chinese adults.


2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanae Kondo ◽  
Jung Su Lee ◽  
Kiyoshi Kawakubo ◽  
Yusuke Kataoka ◽  
Yasushi Asami ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Sallis ◽  
Jacqueline Kerr ◽  
Jordan A. Carlson ◽  
Gregory J. Norman ◽  
Brian E. Saelens ◽  
...  

Background:Neighborhood environment attributes of walkability and access to recreation facilities have been related to physical activity and weight status, but most self-report environment measures are lengthy. The 17-item PANES (Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale) was developed to be comprehensive but brief enough for use in multipurpose surveys. The current study evaluated test-retest and alternate-form reliability of PANES items compared with multi-item subscales from the longer NEWS-A (Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale—Abbreviated).Methods:Participants were 291 adults recruited from neighborhoods that varied in walkability in 3 US cities. Surveys were completed twice with a 27-day interval.Results:Test-retest ICCs for PANES items ranged from .52 to .88. Spearman correlations for the PANES single item vs NEWS-A subscale comparisons ranged from .27 to .81 (all P < .01).Conclusions:PANES items related to land use mix, residential density, pedestrian infrastructure, aesthetic qualities, and safety from traffic and crime were supported by correlations with NEWS-A subscales. Access to recreation facilities and street connectivity items were not supported. The brevity of PANES allows items to be included in studies or surveillance systems to expand knowledge about neighborhood environments.


2006 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Israel ◽  
Amy J. Schulz ◽  
Lorena Estrada-Martinez ◽  
Shannon N. Zenk ◽  
Edna Viruell-Fuentes ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Pedro Jacinto Pazos

ResumenEn el presente artículo trato de explicar cómo los padres de familia manifiestan las distintas formas prejuiciosas de discriminación y violencia en sus entornos vivenciales. En realidad, se trata de analizar una percepción que describen las madres de familia acerca de la escuela de sus hijos, de los tratos o comportamientos que ellos expresan. Las distintas maneras en que la agresión y la violencia se hacen presentes. Además, de la relación que éstas establecen desde los ámbitos familiares, vecinales o barriales. Y su repercusión en los ámbitos escolares. Palabras Clave: Violencia, prejuicios racistas, escuela, Lima. AbstractIn the following article, I try to explain how parents manifest the different prejudicial forms of discrimination and violence in their living environments. In fact, it is about analyzing a perception that mothers describe about their children’s school, about the treatments or behaviors they express. The different ways in which aggression and violence are present. In addition, the relationship they establish from family, neighborhood environments, and its repercussion in school environments. Keywords: Violence, racist prejudices, school, Lima


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H Esposito

The association among a college degree and health is know to vary, in strength, across subsections of the United States population. Recent literature suggests that educational gradients in health are particularly dependent on contextual environments; higher-level social features, such as state of residence, have indeed been shown to modify how advanced educational credentials matters to well-being. To add resolution to this emerging insight, this study examines how \neighborhood environments, an especially salient level of geographic organization, impact educational gradients in the US. Using data from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study (n = 3,105) and Bayesian multilevel regression models, I examine how educational disparities in self-rated health and depressive symptomatology, between college and non-college degree holders, grow/shrink in response to a neighborhood-provided resource and with exposure to a neighborhood-level health challenge. Findings suggest that how tightly coupled a college degree is with well-being is strongly contingent upon one's immediate external risks, but less so on one's access to neighborhood social resources.


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