A failed experiment: the state ownership of industry

2004 ◽  
pp. 84-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Hannah
Keyword(s):  
State Ownership ◽  
The State

OWNERSHIP IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA AND THE STATE AS THE HOLDER OF THE PROPERTY RIGHT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION IN 1991

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1993-2005
Author(s):  
Shemsije Demiri ◽  
Rudina Kaja
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspect ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
State Function ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Republic

This paper deals with the right to property in general terms from its source in Roman law, which is the starting point for all subsequent legal systems. As a result of this, the acquisition of property rights is handled from the historical point of view, with the inclusion of various local and international literature and studies, as well as the legal aspect devoted to the respective civil codes of the states cited in the paper.Due to such socio-economic developments, state ownership and its ownership function have changed. The state function as owner of property also changed in Macedonia's property law.The new constitutional sequence of the Republic of Macedonia since 1991 became privately owned as a dominant form of ownership, however, state ownership also exists.This process of transforming social property into state or private (dissolves), in Macedonia starts from Yugoslavia through privatization, return and denationalization measures, on which basis laws on privatization have been adopted. Because of this, there will be particularly intensive negotiations regaring the remaining state assets.

More or More of the Same: Ownership Concentration and Media Diversity in Egypt

2021 ◽  
pp. 194016122110251
Author(s):  
Zahraa Badr
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Media Diversity ◽  
Content Diversity ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

The Egyptian media has witnessed various changes in the ownership spectrum after the 2011 revolution. To explore this evolution, and through the Habermasian lens, this study examined ownership concentration in the 2019 media sphere in Egypt by mapping media outlets and their owners. It also investigated the relationship between this concentration and content diversity in a sample of print outlets in the first quarter of 2019. Three patterns of ownership concentration in the Egyptian media were identified: concentrated state ownership, concentrated private ownership, and not concentrated private ownership. Based on these findings, I argue that the media sphere in Egypt is dominated by a few gatekeepers, mostly the state, that influence content diversity and jeopardize the democratic public sphere in postrevolution Egypt.

When decentralisation undermines representation: ethnic exclusion and state ownership in DR Congo's new provinces

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-157
Author(s):  
Alma Bezares Calderon ◽  
Pierre Englebert ◽  
Lisa Jené
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Ethnic Representation ◽  
Ethnic Exclusion

AbstractAfrican regimes commonly use strategies of balanced ethnic representation to build support. Decentralisation reforms, often promoted in order to improve political representation and state access, can undermine such strategies. In this article we use the example of the DR Congo to show the extent to which the multiplication of decentralised provinces is upending a political system largely based until now upon collective ethnic representation in the state. Not only are Congo's new provinces more ethnically homogeneous than their predecessors, but many of them have also witnessed political takeover and monopolisation by the province's dominant ethnic group. In addition, the increased number of Congolese who now find themselves non-autochthonous to their province of residence heightens their vulnerability and the potential for local conflict. Decentralisation, whose intent was proximity to governance, might well end up excluding more Congolese from the benefits of political representation. The article uses original empirical evidence on provincial ethnic distributions to support its claims.

The State as a Vehicle of Technological Change: Economic Openness, Technological Catching-up, and Indigenous Innovation in Chinese Firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-407
Author(s):  
Junmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Chinese Firms ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Firm Innovativeness ◽  
Absorptive Capacities ◽  
Indigenous Innovation ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Local Firms

AbstractThe global integration of capital and technology generates a pressing debate on how technologically backward countries can benefit fromFDI, and catch up technologically. This study identifies the mechanisms in the triangle of globalization-state-firm accounting for firms’ indigenous innovations. Specifically, I test three types of the state’s roles—the state’s infrastructure-building, partnership with the firm, and direct intervention into firm governance, combined withFDIspillovers and local firms’ absorptive capacity, in shaping local firms’ innovativeness in a national dataset of Chinese firms. I find that during Chinese firms’ initial technological take-off, the state helped enhance local firms’ indigenous innovativeness through its infrastructure-building and various partnerships with the firms. All three types of the state’s roles are found to positively modulate the firms’ absorptive capacities in affecting their innovativeness. The state’s infrastructure-building and the firm’s state ownership helped weaken the negative role of someFDI-related effects in influencing firm innovativeness.

REVENUE DIVERSIFICATION AND BANKING RISK: DOES THE STATE OWNERSHIP MATTER? EVIDENCE FROM AN EMERGING MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050019
Author(s):  
GIANG THI HUONG VUONG ◽  
MANH HUU NGUYEN
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Revenue Diversification ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Banking Risk

Our paper investigates the influence of state ownership on the linkage between revenue diversification and risk of Vietnam domestic commercial banks in the period 2009–2018. By using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation for a dynamic panel model, the empirical results indicate that Vietnamese domestic commercial banks with higher state equity are promoted to take more risks in the revenue diversification process. Our findings are robustly checked by a variety of measures of banking risk, income diversification, and state equity. Empirical results from our dynamic model are not only accordant with the previous findings of Batten and Vo [(2016). Bank risk shifting and diversification in an emerging market. Risk Management, 18(4), 217–235] estimated by Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression on the positive relationship between banking risk and income diversification in Vietnamese domestic commercial banks but also provide new evidence on the tradeoff relationship between risk-return in the operating strategy of Vietnamese state-owned banks in the post-financial crisis. This paper proposes a framework for evaluating the nexus between revenue diversification and risk from the state ownership aspect in other frontier markets.

State ownership, firm innovation and the moderating role of private-sector competition: the case of China

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Yang ◽  
H. Kevin Steensma ◽  
Ting Ren
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
New Products ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to study how state ownership influences the innovation process in terms of allocating resources toward searching for new solutions and converting these efforts into economic value. On one hand, deep pockets of the state provide slack resources that may facilitate risk taking and innovation. On the other hand, soft budgets can create incentive problems and dampen the efficient use of resources. The authors suggest how accounting for competitive context can disentangle these countervailing forces. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a panel of over 240,000 Chinese firms over the years 2004–2008. The broad sample and period afforded substantial variability in terms of state ownership within and across firms. The authors use a two-stage model and a within-firm (i.e. fixed-effects) design, controlling for all time-invariant firm characteristics and the problematic unobserved heterogeneity that can often lead to erroneous inferences. Furthermore, the relatively short window limits the likelihood of time-varying unobserved firm characteristics biasing the empirical results. Findings The authors found that private-sector competition has the opposite effect on the relationship between state ownership and the second step of the innovation process. In industries where there is robust private-sector competition, state ownership diminishes the firm’s ability to convert R&D efforts into economic value. Private-sector competition competes away any advantages state-owned firms may have in terms of developing or accessing the complementary resources needed for commercialization. Ultimately, the inefficiencies of state ownership in terms of relatively undisciplined selection and monitoring of R&D activities outweigh any potential resource advantages derived from state ownership. Originality/value The state remains a prominent player in many economies throughout the world. The authors explored how state ownership of firms influences the resources they expend in searching out new solutions, and their success in converting such resources into economically valuable new products and services. State ownership has potentially countervailing effects on innovation. The authors disentangle these countervailing effects through consideration of how accounting for competitive context could determine whether the beneficial effects of state ownership dominate its detrimental effects for both searching for new solutions and converting these efforts into economically valuable new products. With a focus of market competition as an external force that drives the difference in innovation between SOEs and the private-sector, this study serves as a parallel effort to Jia et al. (2019) who investigate the joint effect of public and corporate governance on SOEs’ innovation performance, and Zhou et al. (2017) who concern the balance of the institution and efficiency logics on the comparative advantage of SOEs over privately owned enterprises in innovation performance.

scholarly journals The Fundamentals of Determining the Rental Charge for the State-Owned Real Estate in the Russian Federation

Legal Concept ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vavilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
The Government

Introduction: the paper discusses the study of the basic principles and methods of determining rental rates for the use of land owned by the state and municipal authorities. Despite the increasing trend of the privatization of state-owned land, its significant proportion is still under the state ownership. In this regard, a significant share of court proceedings in the Arbitration courts falls precisely on those disputes that relate to the determination of the procedure for establishing the rent of state-owned real estate in Russia. In this regard, the author set the goal – to study the problem of establishing the amount of the rent for the land held by tenants for housing after bringing into force Resolution of the Government of the Russian Government No. 582 of July 16, 2009 “On the basic principles of determining the rent for leases of land plots in the state or municipal ownership, and on the Rules for determining the amount of rent and the order of the conditions and terms of payment of rent for land in the ownership of the Russian Federation” (hereinafter – “Resolution No. 582”). Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main one is the comparative law method, as well as the methods of systematization and analysis. Results: the author’s position grounded in the work is based on the analysis of the legislation and the opinions of the scientists expressed in the competent scientific community on the issue of establishing the basic rates for renting the state real estate. Conclusions: as a result of the study, the main principles of determining the rates for renting the state-owned real estate, as well as the procedure for determining them, were analyzed. It was established that the amount of rent for land plots that were provided to tenants for housing construction after the entry into force of Resolution No. 582 should not exceed 2 % of the cadastral value of such real estate.

scholarly journals Challenges of Compulsory Seizure of Private Property by the State through Requisition, Confiscation and Nationalization under the Civil Legislation of Russia

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
E. V. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Additional Equipment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
To Come

The existence of extraordinary circumstances, which should be understood as circumstances unavoidable under these conditions, constitutes the condition for requisition. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation gives state bodies a certain freedom in carrying out requisitions, as it is hardly possible to list all exceptional circumstances when additional equipment or other property will be required both to prevent the development of emergencies and to deal with their consequences.Civil law confiscation involves the termination of private property and the emergence of state ownership of confiscated property. Therefore, it is impossible to treat as confiscation the seizure of tengible media according to Para. 4 of Art. 1252 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, because they were produced in violation of the law and, therefore, ownership has not arisen. The paper also substantiates the conclusion that nationalization requires relevant property to come not into the property of the State, but into the national property. In the author’s opinion, the currently existing State property does not contain any hints of national property, and it can be stated that the Russian people even more than previously are removed from the property of the State and are excluded from State responsibility. Nationwide property serves as a foundation of the civil society.

scholarly journals MODELS OF THE STATE OWNERSHIP FUNCTION ORGANIZATION

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Štefan Bogdan Šalej ◽  
Majlind Lazimi ◽  
A. B. M. Khorshed Alam ◽  
Dmitry Kolkin ◽  
Kgotla M. Ramaphane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Ownership ◽  
The State

scholarly journals How much state ownership do hybrid firms need for better performance?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bach Nguyen ◽  
Hoa Do ◽  
Chau Le
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Resource Dependence Theory ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Business Ownership ◽  
Adequate Level

Abstract Hybrid ownership—sharing partial business ownership with the state—is a new form of political connections that entrepreneurs in developing countries may employ to improve their access to key resources. This study investigates hybrid ownership as a strategic decision of entrepreneurs running small businesses in Vietnam—a transition economy. Utilising the resource dependence theory and legitimacy viewpoint, we propose and evidently show that increased state ownership in hybrid firms leads to improved performance. However, increasing state ownership beyond a minority share threshold harms firm performance due to the presence of agency costs. Also, the involvement of the state in firm governance reduces the benefits gained from having state ownership. Plain English Summary Is the more the better? How much state ownership really matters for hybrid firms to enhance their performance? More state ownership means more access to resources and privileges; but too much state ownership may reduce firm efficiency due to its poor governance. Analysing more than one million observations of small businesses in Vietnam, this study offers three insightful implications. First, for academics, institutional conditions should be considered when investigating political connections, especially in an emerging market context. Second, for practitioners, political connections in the form of hybrid ownership when being held at an adequate level can boost firm performance. However, an exceeding level of state ownership in hybrid firms may become harmful. Third, for policymakers, we suggest that forming hybrid business ownership with the private sector helps firms make use of state-owned resources. This collaboration is a win-win solution as long as the state ownership remains at an adequate level.

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