scholarly journals Polarized proton beams from laser-induced plasmas

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hützen ◽  
Johannes Thomas ◽  
Jürgen Böker ◽  
Ralf Engels ◽  
Ralf Gebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser System ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
Degree Of Polarization ◽  
Acceleration Process ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Experimental Realization ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Spin Effects ◽  
Polarized Proton

We report on the concept of an innovative source to produce polarized proton/deuteron beams of a kinetic energy up to several GeV from a laser-driven plasma accelerator. Spin effects have been implemented into the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code VLPL (Virtual Laser Plasma Lab) to make theoretical predictions about the behavior of proton spins in laser-induced plasmas. Simulations of spin-polarized targets show that the polarization is conserved during the acceleration process. For the experimental realization, a polarized HCl gas-jet target is under construction using the fundamental wavelength of a Nd:YAG laser system to align the HCl bonds and simultaneously circularly polarized light of the fifth harmonic to photo-dissociate, yielding nuclear polarized H atoms. Subsequently, their degree of polarization is measured with a Lamb-shift polarimeter. The final experiments, aiming at the first observation of a polarized particle beam from laser-generated plasmas, will be carried out at the 10 PW laser system SULF at SIOM, Shanghai.

Polarized proton beams from a laser-plasma accelerator

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (36) ◽  
pp. 1942028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Büscher ◽  
Anna Hützen ◽  
Ilhan Engin ◽  
Johannes Thomas ◽  
Alexander Pukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser System ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
Plasma Accelerator ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Experimental Realization ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Polarized Proton ◽  
Cell Simulation ◽  
Under Construction

We report on the concept of an innovative laser-driven plasma accelerator for polarized proton (or deuteron) beams with a kinetic energy up to several GeV. In order to model the motion of the particle spins in the plasmas, these have been implemented as an additional degree of freedom into the Particle-in-Cell simulation code VLPL. For the experimental realization, a polarized HCl gas-jet target is under construction, where the degree of proton polarization is determined with a Lamb-shift polarimeter. The final experiments, aiming at the first observation of a polarized particle beam from laser-generated plasmas, will be carried out at the 10 PW laser system SULF at SIOM/Shanghai.

Optical Pumping and Optical Detection of Spin-Polarized Electrons in a Conduction Band

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 1850-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Conduction Band ◽  
Spin Polarization ◽  
Optical Pumping ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Degree Of Polarization ◽  
Polarized Electrons ◽  
Excitation Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Spin Polarized

Spin-polarized electrons are created in the conduction band of p-type GaSb by excitation with σ+ or σ− circularly polarized light. The degree of polarization of the photoluminescence is used to measure the optically pumped spin polarization. The measurements as a function of transverse magnetic field yield the spin-relaxation time and the lifetime of the photocreated electrons. The degree of polarization oscillates as a function of the photon energy of the excitation light. This effect is associated with mechanisms of rapid energy loss involving optical and acoustical phonons. The optical pumping is studied as a function of temperature in the range 3.5 °K ≤ T ≤ 11 °K. A maximum spin polarization [Formula: see text] is obtained at [Formula: see text]. The efficiency of the optical pumping is significantly increased with the application of a weak longitudinal magnetic field.

scholarly journals Broad-Band Transmission Characteristics of Polarizations in Foggy Environments

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianwei Hu ◽  
Fei Shen ◽  
Kaipeng Wang ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Band ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Degree Of Polarization ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Ratio ◽  
Scattering Index ◽  
Scattering Systems

Based on the Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm, we simulate the evolutions of different types of the polarized lights in the broad-band range from visible to infrared in foggy environments. Here, we have constructed two scattering systems to simulate the transmission characteristics of the polarized lights: (1) A monodisperse system based on five types of particles with the sizes of 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 4, and 5 µm, respectively; (2) a polydisperse system based on scattering particles with a mean value (size) of 2.0 μm. Our simulation results show that linearly polarized light (LPL) and circularly polarized light (CPL) exhibit different advantages in different wavelengths and different scattering systems. The polarization maintenances (PM) of the degree of circular polarizations (DoCPs) are better than those of the degree of linear polarizations (DoLPs) for most incident wavelengths. CPL is not superior to LPL in the strong-absorption wavelengths of 3.0µm, 6.0µm, and long infrared. Here, when the wavelength is closer to the particle sizes in a system, the influence on propagating polarizations will be more obvious. However, the difference in the degree of polarization (DoP) between the resulting CPL and LPL is positive at these points, which means the penetrating ability of CPL is superior to that of LPL in these scattering systems. We have also simulated the extinction efficiency Qext and the scattering index ratio Qratio as functions of both wavelength and particle size for analyzing polarization’s transmission characteristics. Our work paves the way of selecting the optimal incident wavelengths and polarizations for concrete scattering systems.

scholarly journals Light-induced topological magnons in two-dimensional van der Waals magnets

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Vinas Boström ◽  
Martin Claassen ◽  
James McIver ◽  
Gregor Jotzu ◽  
Angel Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Parameter ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Edge States ◽  
Pulse Envelope ◽  
Experimental Realization ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Quantum Magnet ◽  
Haldane Model

Driving a two-dimensional Mott insulator with circularly polarized light breaks time-reversal and inversion symmetry, which induces an optically-tunable synthetic scalar spin chirality interaction in the effective low-energy spin Hamiltonian. Here, we show that this mechanism can stabilize topological magnon excitations in honeycomb ferromagnets and in optical lattices. We find that the irradiated quantum magnet is described by a Haldane model for magnons that hosts topologically-protected edge modes. We study the evolution of the magnon spectrum in the Floquet regime and via time propagation of the magnon Hamiltonian for a slowly varying pulse envelope. Compared to similar but conceptually distinct driving schemes based on the Aharanov-Casher effect, the dimensionless light-matter coupling parameter \lambda = eEa/\hbar\omegaλ=eEa/ℏω at fixed electric field strength is enhanced by a factor \sim 10^5∼105. This increase of the coupling parameter allows to induce a topological gap of the order of \Delta \approx 2Δ≈2 meV with realistic laser pulses, bringing an experimental realization of light-induced topological magnon edge states within reach.

Optical Pumping of Spin-Polarized Conduction Electrons and Inelastic Scattering by Neutral Acceptors

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 718-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Spin Polarization ◽  
Optical Pumping ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Energy Relaxation ◽  
Degree Of Polarization ◽  
Conduction Band Edge ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Conduction Electrons ◽  
Spin Polarized

The energy relaxation mechanisms of conduction electrons in p-type GaSb at 1.9 °K are investigated by an optical pumping technique. Spin-polarized electrons are excited across the forbidden band gap with circularly polarized light. The number of photocreated electrons is obtained from the intensity of the photoluminescence; and the spin polarization from the degree of polarization of the photoluminescence. The experiment shows that the number of electrons and the spin polarization at the conduction band edge depend on the initial energy of the electrons and on the number of neutral acceptors. An explanation of the results is given in terms of two processes of energy relaxation for conduction electrons: (i) the emission of longitudinal optical phonons, and (ii) inelastic scattering by neutral acceptors.

Differential polarization imaging of sickled cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Marcos F. Maestre
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Polarization Imaging ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Microscopic Scale ◽  
Chiral Structures

Recently we have developed a form of polarization microscopy that forms images using optical properties that have previously been limited to macroscopic samples. This has given us a new window into the distribution of structure on a microscopic scale. We have coined the name differential polarization microscopy to identify the images obtained that are due to certain polarization dependent effects. Differential polarization microscopy has its origins in various spectroscopic techniques that have been used to study longer range structures in solution as well as solids. The differential scattering of circularly polarized light has been shown to be dependent on the long range chiral order, both theoretically and experimentally. The same theoretical approach was used to show that images due to differential scattering of circularly polarized light will give images dependent on chiral structures. With large helices (greater than the wavelength of light) the pitch and radius of the helix could be measured directly from these images.

scholarly journals Mass-resolved electronic circular dichroism ion spectroscopy

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6498) ◽  
pp. 1465-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Daly ◽  
Frédéric Rosu ◽  
Valérie Gabelica
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Electronic Circular Dichroism ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Chiral Compounds ◽  
Electron Photodetachment ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

DNA and proteins are chiral: Their three-dimensional structures cannot be superimposed with their mirror images. Circular dichroism spectroscopy is widely used to characterize chiral compounds, but data interpretation is difficult in the case of mixtures. We recorded the electronic circular dichroism spectra of DNA helices separated in a mass spectrometer. We studied guanine-rich strands having various secondary structures, electrosprayed them as negative ions, irradiated them with an ultraviolet nanosecond optical parametric oscillator laser, and measured the difference in electron photodetachment efficiency between left and right circularly polarized light. The reconstructed circular dichroism ion spectra resembled those of their solution-phase counterparts, thereby allowing us to assign the DNA helical topology. The ability to measure circular dichroism directly on biomolecular ions expands the capabilities of mass spectrometry for structural analysis.

scholarly journals Observation of chiral surface excitons in a topological insulator Bi2Se3

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 4006-4011 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Kung ◽  
A. P. Goyal ◽  
D. L. Maslov ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
A. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Orbit Coupling ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
Spin Orbit Coupling ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Excitation Energies ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Pl Emission ◽  
Strong Spin

The protected electron states at the boundaries or on the surfaces of topological insulators (TIs) have been the subject of intense theoretical and experimental investigations. Such states are enforced by very strong spin–orbit interaction in solids composed of heavy elements. Here, we study the composite particles—chiral excitons—formed by the Coulomb attraction between electrons and holes residing on the surface of an archetypical 3D TI,Bi2Se3. Photoluminescence (PL) emission arising due to recombination of excitons in conventional semiconductors is usually unpolarized because of scattering by phonons and other degrees of freedom during exciton thermalization. On the contrary, we observe almost perfectly polarization-preserving PL emission from chiral excitons. We demonstrate that the chiral excitons can be optically oriented with circularly polarized light in a broad range of excitation energies, even when the latter deviate from the (apparent) optical band gap by hundreds of millielectronvolts, and that the orientation remains preserved even at room temperature. Based on the dependences of the PL spectra on the energy and polarization of incident photons, we propose that chiral excitons are made from massive holes and massless (Dirac) electrons, both with chiral spin textures enforced by strong spin–orbit coupling. A theoretical model based on this proposal describes quantitatively the experimental observations. The optical orientation of composite particles, the chiral excitons, emerges as a general result of strong spin–orbit coupling in a 2D electron system. Our findings can potentially expand applications of TIs in photonics and optoelectronics.

Blue Circularly Polarized Luminescent Amorphous Molecules with Single-handed Propeller Chirality Induced by Circularly Polarized Light Irradiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoming Zhang ◽  
Takunori Harada ◽  
Adriana Pietropaolo ◽  
Yuting Wang ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Trigonal Symmetry ◽  
Circularly Polarized Luminescence ◽  
Polarized Luminescence

Preferred-handed propeller conformation was induced by circularly polarized light irradiation to three amorphous molecules with trigonal symmetry, and the molecules with induced chirality efficiently exhibited blue circularly polarized luminescence. In...

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