scholarly journals Surgical Site Infections at a Level I Trauma Center in India: Data From an Indigenously Developed, e-SSI Surveillance System

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s397-s398
Author(s):  
Ayush Lohiya ◽  
Samarth Mittal ◽  
Vivek Trikha ◽  
Surbhi Khurana ◽  
Sonal Katyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Predominant Pathogen ◽  
Level I

Background: Globally, surgical site infections (SSIs) not only complicate the surgeries but also lead to $5–10 billion excess health expenditures, along with the increased length of hospital stay. SSI rates have become a universal measure of quality in hospital-based surgical practice because they are probably the most preventable of all healthcare-associated infections. Although, many national regulatory bodies have made it mandatory to report SSI rates, the burden of SSI is still likely to be significant underestimated due to truncated SSI surveillance as well as underestimated postdischarge SSIs. A WHO survey found that in low- to middle-income countries, the incidence of SSIs ranged from 1.2 to 23.6 per 100 surgical procedures. This contrasted with rates between 1.2% and 5.2% in high-income countries. Objectives: We aimed to leverage the existing surveillance capacities at our tertiary-care hospital to estimate the incidence of SSIs in a cohort of trauma patients and to develop and validate an indigenously developed, electronic SSI surveillance system. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at a 248-bed apex trauma center for 18 months. This project was a part of an ongoing multicenter study. The demographic details were recorded, and all the patients who underwent surgery (n = 770) were followed up until 90 days after discharge. The associations of occurrence of SSI and various clinico-microbiological variables were studied. Results: In total, 32 (4.2%) patients developed SSI. S. aureus (28.6%) were the predominant pathogen causing SSI, followed by E. coli (14.3%) and K. pneumoniae (14.3%). Among the patients who had SSI, higher SSI rates were associated in patients who were referred from other facilities (P = .03), had wound class-CC (P < .001), were on HBOT (P = .001), were not administered surgical antibiotics (P = .04), were not given antimicrobial coated sutures (P = .03) or advanced dressings (P = .02), had a resurgery (P < .001), had a higher duration of stay in hospital from admission to discharge (P = .002), as well as from procedure to discharge (P = .002). SSI was cured in only 16 patients (50%) by 90 days. SSI data collection, validation, and analyses are essential in developing countries like India. Thus, it is very crucial to implement a surveillance system and a system for reporting SSI rates to surgeons and conduct a robust postdischarge surveillance using trained and committed personnel to generate, apply, and report accurate SSI data.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Clinico-Laboratory Profile, Complications and Therapeutic Outcome of Scrub Typhus in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
Ram Hari Chapagain ◽  
Sumit Agrawal ◽  
Sunita Pokharel ◽  
Madhusudhan Kayastha ◽  
Susan Bhattrai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Therapeutic Outcome ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Laboratory Profile

Background: Scrub typhus, an important cause of undifferentiated fever, is grossly neglected and often misdiagnosed in low and middle income countries like Nepal. The main aim of this study was to describe the clinico-laboratory profile, drug used in treatment, predictor of PICU admission and therapeutic outcome of serologically confirmed scrub typhus among Nepalese children.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in children aged up to 14 years with serologically (IgM ELISA) diagnosed Scrub typhus, admitted in a tertiary care hospital of central Nepal between Jan 2019 to Dec 2019.Results: All 100 children with scrub typhus presented with fever. Other symptoms and sign were cough (29%), abdominal distension (22%) hepatomegaly (45%), splenomegaly (28%), crepitation (10%) and eschar (6%). Similarly, thrombocytopenia (72%), and increased liver enzymes SGPT (51%) and SGOT (62%) were found. Co-infection with dengue (5%) brucella (5%) and UTI (5%) were seen. Thirty six percent has some form of complication. Fifty eight percent of children were treated with azithromycin and 25% treated with doxycycline. The mean length of hospital stay was 6.68 ±2.97 days with a mean duration of defervescence being 30.07 ± 26.65 hours. The increased risk of PICU admission was found in those children with crepitation in chest (OR: 15.17, 95% CI: 3.4-66.8) during presentation and those children not getting azithromycin as treatment (OR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.2-11.7)Conclusions: Scrub typhus should be considered as a differential diagnosis in any community acquired acute undifferentiated febrile illness regardless of the presence of an eschar. Sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia are important complications. Child having crepitation on presentation has an increased chance admission in critical care unit. The child receiving azithromycin has less chance to land in PICU.Keywords: Clinico-laboratory profile; complications; fever; scrub typhus.

scholarly journals POST CAESAREAN SECTION WOUND INFECTION: MICROBIOLOGICAL PATTERN AND SUSCEPTIBILITY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JHALAWAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Shilpi Hora ◽  
Dr. Manish Pokra ◽  
Dr.Pawan Sharma ◽  
Dr.Tarun Vijaywargiya Vijaywargiya ◽  
Dr.Anshul Jhanwar
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
The Third ◽  
Infection Surveillance ◽  
Surgical Operations

Surgical site infection (SSI) is the third most common nosocomial infection. According to CDC’s National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system 38% of all nosocomial infections in surgical patients are surgical site infections (SSI).1 They have been responsible for the increasing cost, morbidity and mortality related to surgical operations .Even in hospitals, with modern facilities and following standard protocols of pre operative preparation and antibiotic prophylaxis, SSI continues to be a major problem

scholarly journals Clinico-microbiological profile of healthcare associated pneumonia in critically ill patients at level-I trauma centre of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 406-409
Author(s):  
Minu Kumari ◽  
Neha Rastogi ◽  
Rajesh Malhotra ◽  
Purva Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Inhospital Mortality ◽  
Level I

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Device-associated infections constitute the majority of health-care infections in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Trauma patients are more prone to acquire such infections; ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) being the most common Health care associated infections (HAI) in ICU has serious implications such as increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stay, and mortality. This study aims to compare the clinicomicrobiological profile of VAP and non-VAP trauma patients at Level I trauma center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 4-year retrospective study of prospectively maintained database was conducted at Level 1 trauma center from January 2013 to December 2016. The patients were classified into two groups named VAP and non-VAP patients. VAP patients were defined according to the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The data were compiled and analyzed. Statistical data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. RESULTS: During the study period, 134 (13%) cases of VAP and 909 (87%) non-VAP cases were observed in our study. The total number of ventilator days for VAP patients was 5128 days, which ranged from 2 to 82 days (median 42 days). The length of hospital stay in non-VAP category ranged from 1 to 390 days (median 195.5 days). Inhospital mortality was observed in 62 (46%) patients with VAP. Three hundred and eighteen (35%) non-VAP patients had also had a fatal outcome. Gram-negative organisms, most commonly Acinetobacter spp. (13, 21%), were reported in the fatal VAP patients. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Higher rate of mortality was observed in patients with VAP in comparison to non-VAP patients, both being on mechanical ventilation. Early recognition of VAP, implementation of proper VAP preventive bundle strategies, and stringent infection control practices are essential mandates to prevent VAP.

scholarly journals A Study of Factors Affecting the Length of Hospital Stay of COVID-19 Patients by Cox-Proportional Hazard Model in a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110002
Author(s):  
Gayathri Thiruvengadam ◽  
Marappa Lakshmi ◽  
Ravanan Ramanujam
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
South Indian

Background: The objective of the study was to identify the factors that alter the length of hospital stay of COVID-19 patients so we have an estimate of the duration of hospitalization of patients. To achieve this, we used a time to event analysis to arrive at factors that could alter the length of hospital stay, aiding in planning additional beds for any future rise in cases. Methods: Information about COVID-19 patients was collected between June and August 2020. The response variable was the time from admission to discharge of patients. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the factors that were associated with the length of hospital stay. Results: A total of 730 COVID-19 patients were included, of which 675 (92.5%) recovered and 55 (7.5%) were considered to be right-censored, that is, the patient died or was discharged against medical advice. The median length of hospital stay of COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized was found to be 7 days by the Kaplan Meier curve. The covariates that prolonged the length of hospital stay were found to be abnormalities in oxygen saturation (HR = 0.446, P < .001), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (HR = 0.742, P = .003), levels of D-dimer (HR = 0.60, P = .002), lactate dehydrogenase (HR = 0.717, P = .002), and ferritin (HR = 0.763, P = .037). Also, patients who had more than 2 chronic diseases had a significantly longer length of stay (HR = 0.586, P = .008) compared to those with no comorbidities. Conclusion: Factors that are associated with prolonged length of hospital stay of patients need to be considered in planning bed strength on a contingency basis.

scholarly journals Effective Utilization of Limited Isolation Rooms to Provide Safe Patient Care and Staff Safety in a Low- and Middle-Income Country

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s203-s204
Author(s):  
Rozina Roshanali
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Safe Patient Care ◽  
Bed Management ◽  
Resource Setting

Background: My tertiary-care hospital is a 750-bed hospital with only 17 airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) and negative-pressure rooms to isolate patients who have been diagnosed or are suspected with prevalent diseases like tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox. On the other hand, only 14 single-patient isolation rooms are available to isolate patients with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) such as CRE (carbapenum-resistant Enterobacter) or colistin-resistant MDROs. Due to the limited number of isolation rooms, the average number of hours to isolate infected patients was ~20 hours, which ultimately directly placed healthcare workers (HCWs) at risk of exposure to infected patients. Methods: Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) quality improvement methodology was utilized to decrease the average number of hours to isolate infected patients and to reduce the exposure of HCWs to communicable diseases. A detailed analysis were performed to identify root causes and their effects at multiple levels. A multidisciplinary team implemented several strategies: coordination with information and technology team to place isolation alerts in the charting system; screening flyers and questions at emergency department triage; close coordination with admission and bed management office; daily morning and evening rounds by infection preventionists in the emergency department; daily morning meeting with microbiology and bed management office to intervene immediately to isolate patients in a timely way; infection preventionist on-call system (24 hours per day, 7 days per week) to provide recommendations for patient placement and cohorting of infected patients wherever possible. Results: In 1 year, a significant reduction was achieved in the number of hours to isolate infected patients, from 20 hours to 4 hours. As a result, HCW exposures to communicable diseases also decreased from 6.7 to 1.5; HCW exposures to TB decreased from 6.0 to 1.9; exposures measles decreased from 4.75 to 1.5; and exposures chickenpox decreased from 7.3 to 1.0. Significant reductions in cost incurred by the organization for the employees who were exposed to these diseases for postexposure prophylaxis also decreased, from ~Rs. 290,000 (~US$3,000) to ~Rs. 59,520 (~US$600). Conclusions: This multidisciplinary approach achieved infection prevention improvements and enhanced patient and HCW safety in a limited-resource setting.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Usefulness of Pelvic Radiographs in the Initial Trauma Evaluation with Concurrent CT: Is Additional Radiation Exposure Necessary?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne K. Misiura ◽  
Autumn D. Nanassy ◽  
Jacqueline Urbine
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Center ◽  
Pediatric Trauma ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Pelvic Radiographs ◽  
Pelvic Radiograph ◽  
Digital Radiograph ◽  
Urban Level ◽  
Level I ◽  
Pediatric Trauma Center

Trauma patients in a Level I Pediatric Trauma Center may undergo CT of the abdomen and pelvis with concurrent radiograph during initial evaluation in an attempt to diagnose injury. To determine if plain digital radiograph of the pelvis adds additional information in the initial trauma evaluation when CT of the abdomen and pelvis is also performed, trauma patients who presented to an urban Level I Pediatric Trauma Center between 1 January 2010 and 7 February 2017 in whom pelvic radiograph and CT of the abdomen and pelvis were performed within 24 hours of each other were analyzed. A total of 172 trauma patients had pelvic radiograph and CT exams performed within 24 hours of each other. There were 12 cases in which the radiograph missed pelvic fractures seen on CT and 2 cases in which the radiograph suspected a fracture that was not present on subsequent CT. Furthermore, fractures in the pelvis were missed on pelvic radiographs in 12 of 35 cases identified on CT. Sensitivity of pelvic radiograph in detecting fractures seen on CT was 65.7% with a 95% confidence interval of 47.79-80.87%. Results suggest that there is no added diagnostic information gained from a pelvic radiograph when concurrent CT is also obtained, a practice which exposes the pediatric trauma patient to unnecessary radiation.

Experiences of Older Adult Trauma Patients Discharged Home From a Level I Trauma Center

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-192
Author(s):  
Nathalie Rodrigue ◽  
Andréa Maria Laizner ◽  
Nancy Tze ◽  
Maida Sewitch
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Level I

scholarly journals A Review of Comparison of Complications of Vaginal Hysterectomy with and without Concomitant Surgery for SUI: A 5 Years’ Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Raheela Mohsin Rizvi ◽  
Munnazza Akhtar ◽  
Nadeem Faiyaz Zuberi
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Hysterectomy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Uterovaginal Prolapse ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Concomitant Surgery

Objective. The study was performed to review the complications of surgery for POP with or without surgery for SUI. This included the need for second procedure two years after the primary surgery.Study Design. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional comparative study at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) was used to identify women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy with anterior/posterior repair alone and those with concomitant tension-free vaginal tape surgery for urodynamic stress incontinence.Results. The 28 cases of VH/repair combined with TVT were compared for complications with 430 cases of VH with repair alone. The basic characteristics like age, BMI, and degree of prolapse showed no statistical difference among two groups. The main comorbidities in both groups were hypertension, diabetes, and bronchial asthma. We observed no significant differences in intraoperative and postoperative complications except for cuff abscess, need for medical intervention, and readmission following discharge from hospital, which were higher in cases with vaginal hysterectomy with concomitant TVT.Conclusions. Vaginal hysterectomy is an efficient treatment for uterovaginal prolapse with a swift recovery, short length of hospital stay, and rare serious complications. The addition of surgery for USI does not appear to increase the morbidity.

Direct transport of geriatric trauma patients with pelvic fractures to a Level I trauma center within an organized trauma system: impact on two-week incidence of in-hospital complications

2012 ◽  
Vol 204 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabitha Garwe ◽  
Zachary V. Roberts ◽  
Roxie M. Albrecht ◽  
Ashley E. Morgan ◽  
Jeremy J. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Center ◽  
Trauma System ◽  
Pelvic Fractures ◽  
Geriatric Trauma ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Level I ◽  
System Impact
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