scholarly journals Point prevalence survey to evaluate the seropositivity for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among high-risk healthcare workers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Norihiro Yogo ◽  
Kristina L. Greenwood ◽  
Leslie Thompson ◽  
Pamela J. Wells ◽  
Stephen Munday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Unit Type ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Positive Antibody ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus ◽  
Antibody Tests

Abstract Among 1,770 healthcare workers serving in high-risk care areas for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 39 (2.2%) were seropositive. Exposure to severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the community was associated with being seropositive. Job or unit type and percentage of time working with COVID-19 patients were not associated with positive antibody tests.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic cases and limited transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in residents and healthcare workers in three Dutch nursing homes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura W van Buul ◽  
Judith Henriette van den Besselaar ◽  
Fleur M.H.P.H. Koene ◽  
Bianca M. Buurman ◽  
Cees M.P.M. Hertogh
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey

Purpose Many nursing homes worldwide have been hit by outbreaks of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We aimed to assess the contribution of a- and presymptomatic residents and healthcare workers in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in three nursing homes. Methods Two serial point-prevalence surveys, 1 week apart, among residents and healthcare workers of three Dutch nursing homes with recent SARS-CoV-2 introduction. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal testing for SARS-CoV-2, including reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was conducted with reporting of cycle threshold (Ct). Participants were categorized as symptomatic, presymptomatic or asymptomatic with standardized symptom assessment. Results In total, 297 residents and 542 healthcare workers participated in the study. At the first point-prevalence survey, 15 residents tested positive of which one was presymptomatic (Ct value>35) and three remained asymptomatic (Ct value of 23, 30 and 32). At the second point-prevalence survey one resident and one healthcare worker tested SARS-CoV-2 positive (Ct value >35 and 24, respectively) and both remained asymptomatic. Conclusion This study confirms a- and presymptomatic occurrence of Covid-19 among residents and health care workers. Ct values below 25 suggested that these cases have the potential to contribute to viral spread. However, very limited transmission impeded the ability to answer the research question. We describe factors that may contribute to the prevention of transmission and argue that the necessity of large-scale preemptive testing in nursing homes may be dependent of the local situation regarding prevalence of cases in the surrounding community and infection control opportunities.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) at a Tertiary-Care Center in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s494-s495
Author(s):  
Diane Heipel ◽  
Yvette Major ◽  
Carli Viola-Luqa ◽  
Michelle Elizabeth Doll ◽  
Michael Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey

Background: Quantification of the magnitude of CRE both within a facility and regionally poses a challenge to healthcare institutions. Periodic point-prevalence surveys are recommended by the CDC CRE tool kit as a facility-level prevention strategy. A 2016 point-prevalence survey of 2 high-risk units at a tertiary-care center in the United States for CRE colonization found that all patients surveyed were negative for CRE. The infection prevention (IP) team repeated the study in 2019 to reassess the prevalence of CRE in the healthcare facility. Methods: A point-prevalence survey was performed in November 2019 on the same 2 high-risk units surveyed in 2016. A perirectal flocked swab was collected from all patients unless a patient refused and/or a contraindication to rectal swab was present. Swabs were inoculated onto HardyChrom TM CRE agar for incubation in ambient air at 35°C for 24 hours. Organism identification was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry on a MBT Smart by Bruker. Results: None of the patients on either high-risk unit was known to be colonized or infected with CRE at the time of the point-prevalence survey. Of 41 perirectal swabs collected, 4 (9.8%) were positive for CRE. None (0 of 20) were surgical ICU patients and 4 of 21 (19%) were medical ICU patients. All positive swabs revealed different organisms identified as follows: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter kobai, and Enterobacter aerogenes. All 4 positive patients had had recent contact with multiple acute-care hospitals. Also, 2 had been transferred for liver transplant evaluation. None of these patients had received a carbapenem during their admission to the facility. Conclusion: CRE are increasingly identified in healthcare centers in the United States. Centers previously classified as low prevalence will need to maintain preventive strategies to limit transmission risks as colonized patients arrive in the facility for care. Adoption of a robust horizontal infection prevention program may be an effective strategy to avoid the spread of CRE.Funding: NoneDisclosures: Michelle Doll reports a research grant from Molnlycke Healthcare.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Cases and Limited Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Residents and Healthcare Workers in Three Dutch Nursing Homes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233372142098280
Author(s):  
Laura W. van Buul ◽  
Judith H. van den Besselaar ◽  
Fleur M. H. P. H. Koene ◽  
Bianca M. Buurman ◽  
Cees M. P. M. Hertogh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Healthcare Worker ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey

We aimed to assess the contribution of a- and presymptomatic residents and healthcare workers in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in nursing homes. We conducted two serial point-prevalence surveys, including standardized symptom assessment and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal testing for SARS-CoV-2, among 297 residents and 542 healthcare workers of three Dutch nursing homes (NHs) with recent SARS-CoV-2 introduction. At the first point-prevalence survey, 15 residents tested positive of which one was presymptomatic and three remained asymptomatic. At the second point-prevalence survey one resident and one healthcare worker tested SARS-CoV-2 positive and both remained asymptomatic. Although a limited number of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases were identified, this study confirms a- and presymptomatic occurrence of Covid-19. We additionally describe factors that may contribute to the prevention of transmission. Taken together, our study complements the discussion on effective SARS-CoV-2 screening in NHs.

scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Point Prevalence Among Asymptomatic Hospitalized Children and Subsequent Healthcare Worker Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-619
Author(s):  
Ami B Patel ◽  
Andrea Clifford ◽  
Julie Creaden ◽  
Kimberly Kato ◽  
Marcelo R Malakooti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthcare Worker ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Secondary Transmission ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Worker Evaluation

Abstract Asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) carriage among hospitalized children and risk of transmission to healthcare workers (HCWs) was evaluated by point prevalence survey. We estimated 1-2% prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among children without coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms. There was no secondary transmission among HCWs exposed to these patients.

Scissors: A Potential Source of Nosocomial Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Embil ◽  
George G. Zhanel ◽  
Pierre J. Plourde ◽  
Daryl Hoban
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey

AbstractThis point-prevalence survey of healthcare workers' scissors demonstrates that of 232 scissors sampled, 182 (78.4%) were colonized with bacteria. The scissors of nurses and those for communal use were most frequently contaminated. Cleaning of scissors occurred infrequently, but wiping scissors with an alcohol swab effectively disinfected them. The suspicion that scissors may harbor and potentially transmit microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria, has been confirmed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a home-based 7-day infection control strategy for healthcare workers following high-risk exposure to severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Carla Benea ◽  
Laura Rendon ◽  
Jesse Papenburg ◽  
Charles Frenette ◽  
Ahmed Imacoudene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus ◽  
Second Wave

Abstract Objective: Evidence-based infection control strategies are needed for healthcare workers (HCWs) following high-risk exposure to severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, we evaluated the negative predictive value (NPV) of a home-based 7-day infection control strategy. Methods: HCWs advised by their infection control or occupational health officer to self-isolate due to a high-risk SARS-CoV-2 exposure were enrolled between May and October 2020. The strategy consisted of symptom-triggered nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing from day 0 to day 7 after exposure and standardized home-based nasopharyngeal swab and saliva testing on day 7. The NPV of this strategy was calculated for (1) clinical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis from day 8–14 after exposure, and for (2) asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 detected by standardized nasopharyngeal swab and saliva specimens collected at days 9, 10, and 14 after exposure. Interim results are reported in the context of a second wave threatening this essential workforce. Results: Among 30 HCWs enrolled, the mean age was 31 years (SD, ±9), and 24 (80%) were female. Moreover, 3 were diagnosed with COVID-19 by day 14 after exposure (secondary attack rate, 10.0%), and all cases were detected using the 7-day infection control strategy: the NPV for subsequent clinical COVID-19 or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 detection by day 14 was 100.0% (95% CI, 93.1%–100.0%). Conclusions: Among HCWs with high-risk exposure to SARS-CoV-2, a home-based 7-day infection control strategy may have a high NPV for subsequent COVID-19 and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 detection. Ongoing data collection and data sharing are needed to improve the precision of the estimated NPV, and here we report interim results to inform infection control strategies in light of a second wave threatening this essential workforce.

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