“Fire by Night, Cloud by Day”: Exile and Refuge in Postwar London

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Susan Pennybacker
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
South African ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
World War ◽  
The South ◽  
Group A ◽  
Monitoring Group ◽  
Ruth First ◽  
New Treatments

AbstractSusan Pennybacker's presidential plenary to the 2017 North American Conference on British Studies in Denver, Colorado, explores the lives of four of the subjects of her book (in progress) of the same title. It identifies the kinds of archival and ethnographic sources that allow new treatments of the exile, émigré, and expatriate communities of London after the close of World War II and of those who contributed in various ways to the ethos of metropolitan political culture in the “late empire” and Cold War era. The essay focuses on the South African Ruth First, the Indian diplomat Mrs. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, the Indian academician Achin Vanaik, and the South Asian Londoner Suresh Grover, a member of the Monitoring Group, a legal assistance and anti-discrimination organization in the capital. It suggests the importance of scholarship that reckons with known and notable activist persons who led and represented many others in their challenges to global politics from a base in the “mammoth crossroads, the secure and unsafe haven that is London.”

Further Regional Studies

War Epidemics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Smallman-Raynor ◽  
Andrew Cliff
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
South African ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World War ◽  
The South ◽  
South African War ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Study Sites

In Chapters 7 to 11, we have examined a series of recurring themes in the geography of war and disease since 1850 through regional lenses. In this chapter, we conclude our regional–thematic survey by illustrating further prominent themes which, either because of their subject-matter or because of their geographical location, were beyond the immediate scope of the foregoing chapters. In selecting regional case studies for this chapter, we concentrate on wars which have not been examined in depth to this point (the South African War and the Cuban Insurrection) or which, on account of their magnitude and extent, merit examination beyond that afforded in previous sections (World War I and World War II). Four principal issues are addressed: (1) Africa: population reconcentration and disease (Section 12.2), illustrated with reference to civilian concentration camps in the South African War, 1899–1902; (2) Americas: peace, war, and epidemiological integration (Section 12.3), illustrated with reference to the civil settlement system of Cuba, 1888–1902; (3) Asia: prisoners of war, forced labour, and disease (Section 12.4), illustrated with reference to Allied prisoners on the line of the Burma–Thailand Railway, 1942–4; (4) Europe: civilian epidemics and the world wars (Section 12.5), illustrated with reference to the spread of a series of diseases in the civil population of Europe during, and after, the hostilities of 1914–18 and 1939–45. As before, the study sites in (1) to (4) span a broad range of epidemiological environments, from the cool temperate latitudes of northern Europe, through the tropical island and jungle environments of the Caribbean and Southeast Asia, to the warm temperate and subtropical savannah lands of the South African Veld. Diseases have been sampled to reflect this epidemiological range. The South African War (1899–1902) has been described as the last of the ‘typhoid campaigns’ (Curtin, 1998)—a closing chapter on the predominance of disease over battle as a cause of death among soldiers (Pakenham, 1979: 382). From the military perspective, typhoid was indeed the major health issue of the war, accounting for a reported 8,020 deaths in the British Army (Simpson, 1911: 57).

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

1959 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-639
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
South African ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
World War ◽  
The South ◽  
International Bank ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Trust Company

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development announced on June 10, 1959, a loan equivalent to $11.6 million to the Union of South Africa. The funds were to help carry out a railway expansion program, executed by the South African Railways and Harbors Administration, that had been one of the chief objects of public investment in the Union since the end of World War II. Twelve banks participated in the loan for a total amount of $2,484,000, representing the first three maturities and parts of the fourth and fifth maturities which were to fall due between December 1961 and December 1963. Among the participating banks were: the Bank of America, Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company, The Philadelphia National Bank, The New York Trust Company, Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, National Shawmut Bank of Boston, The First National Bank of Chicago, The Chase Manhattan Bank, First National City Bank of New York, The Northern Trust Company, and the Swiss Bank Corporation (Basle). Amortization of the loan, which was for a term of ten years and bore interest of 6 percent, was to begin in December 1961.

Testing for Aptitude and Motivation in South African Industry: The Work of the National Institute for Personnel Research, 1946–1973

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Coupe
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
South African ◽  
Personnel Management ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
African State ◽  
World War ◽  
Industrial Psychology ◽  
The South ◽  
Union Activity

The South African state maintained vigorous repressive legislation to destroy trade union activity among African workers after World War II. The genesis of industrial psychology, personnel research and personnel management is examined in this context. In particular, the article reveals tension between the recommendations of the National Institute for Personnel Research and the imperatives of apartheid.

Polish Emigration to British Commonwealth Countries: A Demographic Survey

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Zubrzycki
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
South African ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
World War ◽  
The South ◽  
British Commonwealth ◽  
Search For Information

This article presents an examination of the pattern of emigration from Poland to the countries of the “old” British Commonwealth. 1 Following a general survey of Polish emigration up to World War II, this article examines the situation of Polish migrants in each of the Commonwealth countries. 1 No mention will be made here of South Africa, a member country of the “old” Commonwealth until 1961. Intensive search for information relating to Polish settlers in South Africa revealed only two published items of little value (Jaworski, J. 1968; Krolikowski, 1969). The South African census of 1960 listed 4,421 persons born in Poland who constituted 1.41% of the country's foreign born population. Apart from the survivors of a large group of Polish Jews who arrived in South Africa in the first decade of this century, followed by another group in the late 1920s and early 1930s, the Polish born population was recruited mainly from World War II refugees and evacuees followed by a contingent of former Polish soldiers who fought in Western Europe under British command. Among the former were 500 Polish children (299 boys, 201 girls) who had lost their families during their exile in the Soviet Union and who were offered hospitality by the South African government. They were brought in 1944 from Persia to Outsdoorn, where a Polish school was organized for them (J. Jaworski: 8; Krolikowski: 83). There was, therefore, a close parallel between this event and the story of 733 Polish children who arrived in New Zealand also in 1944(Skwarko 1972 and 1974). The majority of Polish settlers live in Johannesburg and other places in the Transvaal.

The Improbable Era: The South since World War II.

1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Peter C. Bishop ◽  
Charles P. Roland
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
The South

The South Italian Family: Literature and Observation

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Moss ◽  
Walter Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
American Family ◽  
World War ◽  
The South ◽  
American Sociology ◽  
Italian Family ◽  
Original Culture ◽  
Sociological Literature

The Italian family has long served as a classic example of familial solidarity in the sociological literature. Actually, however, most citations in American sociology refer more often to the Italo-American family than to the Italian family in its original culture setting. With but few exceptions, these studies were completed before World War II and little has been added to the literature since those crucial years.

scholarly journals Veterinary education in South Africa : the Classes of 1930 and 1931 : short historical communication

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Bigalke
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
South African ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Government Service ◽  
The South ◽  
Commanding Officer

With only two students in the final year, the class of 1930 was the 2nd smallest in the history of the Onderstepoort Faculty. Noteworthy is that the class photograph is composed of individual shots of the graduates and that 1 photograph was taken several years after qualification. The photograph of the Class of 1931 is the more customary composite one. The Dean, Prof. P J du Toit, does not feature in either. Concise descriptions are given of the life histories of the 8 graduates. Again their careers show considerable variation. Two devoted their entire pre-retirement careers to South Africa's Division of Veterinary Services as state veterinarians, both reaching very senior positions. A third died shortly after leaving government service for private practice. None made a career out of research at Onderstepoort, although 2 had short stints at the Institute. One, said to have been the youngest veterinarian in the British Empire, spent the latter part of his relatively short life in a large Johannesburg practice as a specialist surgeon. Another was in military service for virtually his entire career. One had a very varied career, which included government service, private practice, research, public health and the pharmaceutical industry. One spent most of his impressive career in the Colonial Service in Swaziland and Tanganyika (now Tanzania) but eventually returned to private practice in South Africa, whereas another was similarly, but less conscientiously, involved in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) and Swaziland. Two saw military service during World War II, one as Commanding Officer of a Regiment in the South African Artillery and the other in the South African Veterinary Corps.

scholarly journals La force de l’héritage. Sociologie du mouvement social des ex-braceros (Travailleurs agricoles mexicains 1942-1964) et ses enjeux

Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Philippe Schaffhauser
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
World War ◽  
Gender History ◽  
Mouvements Sociaux ◽  
Social Struggle ◽  
Rural Context ◽  
Culture Politique

A lo largo de sus 20 años de existencia, de 1942 a 1964, el programa Bracero se tradujo en la firma de 4 646 199 contratos de trabajo e involucró a cerca de 1.5 millones de trabajadores; los que inicialmente fueron empleados en la construcción de vías férreas y en la agricultura, y después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, sólo en el sector agrícola. Este movimiento también es cuestión de generaciones y una historia de géneros. Dicha articulación hace de esta lucha social “un asunto de familia” que se desarrolla principalmente en el medio rural mexicano, cuyo vector principal de expresión es la comunidad a su alrededor. El tema del bracero refleja también la actualidad de la cultura política mexicana, ya que recoge experiencias colectivas e individuales heredadas de los movimientos sociales de la segunda mitad del siglo pasado.Abstract: Throughout 20 years, from 1942 to 1964, the Mexican Farm Labor Program represented the signature of about 4 464 199 contracts for 1.5 million of workers who were initially employed in the construction of railways and in agriculture and after the World War II only in the agricultural sector. This movement is also a question of generations and of gender history. This articulation makes this social struggle «a family affair» that is taking place principally in the mexican rural context for what the main expression vector is the community and its surrounding area. The theme bracero also reflects today « mexican political culture » because it includes collective and individual experiences of social movements inherited from the second half of the last century.Résumé : Au cours de ses vingt-deux ans d’existence, de 1942 à 1964, le programme Bracero s’est traduit par la signature de 4 646 199 contrats de travail pour environ 1.5 million de travailleurs. Ceux-ci furent d’abord employés pour la construction des chemins de fer et pour l’agriculture puis, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, seulement pour l’agriculture. Ce mouvement est aussi une question de générations et d’histoire du genre. Cette articulation fait de cette lutte sociale « une affaire de famille » qui se déroule principalement dans le milieu rural mexicain dont le vecteur d’expression principal est la communauté et ses environs. Le sujet bracero reflète aussi ce qu’on le pourrait appeler l’actualité de la « culture politique mexicaine » issue des expériences collectives et individuelles héritées des mouvements sociaux de la seconde moitié du siècle dernier.

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