scholarly journals Interrelationship between micronutrients and cardiovascular structure and function in type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace W. M. Walters ◽  
Emma Redman ◽  
Gaurav S. Gulsin ◽  
Joseph Henson ◽  
Stavroula Argyridou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Structure

Abstract Micronutrients are important for normal cardiovascular function. They may play a role in the increased risk of cardiovascular disease observed in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and T2D-related heart failure. The aims of this study were to (1) examine micronutrient status in people with T2D v. healthy controls; (2) assess any changes following a nutritionally complete meal replacement plan (MRP) compared with routine care; (3) determine if any changes were associated with changes in cardiovascular structure/function. This was a secondary analysis of data from a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end-point trial of people with T2D, with a nested case–control [NCT02590822]. Anthropometrics, cardiac resonance imaging and fasting blood samples (to quantify vitamins B1, B6, B12, D and C; and iron and ferritin) were collected at baseline and 12 weeks following the MRP or routine care. Comparative data in healthy controls were collected at baseline. A total of eighty-three people with T2D and thirty-six healthy controls were compared at baseline; all had micronutrient status within reference ranges. Vitamin B1 was higher (148⋅9 v. 131⋅7; P 0⋅01) and B6 lower (37⋅3 v. 52⋅9; P 0⋅01) in T2D v. controls. All thirty participants randomised to routine care and twenty-four to the MRP completed the study. There was an increase in vitamins B1, B6, D and C following the MRP, which were not associated with changes in cardiovascular structure/function. In conclusion, changes in micronutrient status following the MRP were not independently associated with improvements in cardiovascular structure/function in people with T2D.

scholarly journals Distinct effects of pioglitazone and metformin on circulating sclerostin and biochemical markers of bone turnover in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H van Lierop ◽  
N A T Hamdy ◽  
R W van der Meer ◽  
J T Jonker ◽  
H J Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivePatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of fractures and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) increase this risk. TZDs stimulate the expression of sclerostin, a negative regulator of bone formation, in vitro. Abnormal sclerostin production may, therefore, be involved in the pathogenesis of increased bone fragility in patients with T2DM treated with TZDs.MethodsWe measured serum sclerostin, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) in 71 men with T2DM treated with either pioglitazone (PIO) (30 mg once daily) or metformin (MET) (1000 mg twice daily). Baseline values of sclerostin and P1NP were compared with those of 30 healthy male controls.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, patients with T2DM had significantly higher serum sclerostin levels (59.9 vs 45.2 pg/ml, P<0.001) but similar serum P1NP levels (33.6 vs 36.0 ng/ml, P=0.39). After 24 weeks of treatment, serum sclerostin levels increased by 11% in PIO-treated patients and decreased by 1.8% in MET-treated patients (P=0.018). Changes in serum sclerostin were significantly correlated with changes in serum CTX in all patients (r=0.36, P=0.002) and in PIO-treated patients (r=0.39, P=0.020), but not in MET-treated patients (r=0.17, P=0.31).ConclusionsMen with T2DM have higher serum sclerostin levels than healthy controls, and these levels further increase after treatment with PIO, which is also associated with increased serum CTX. These findings suggest that increased sclerostin production may be involved in the pathogenesis of increased skeletal fragility in patients with T2DM in general and may specifically contribute to the detrimental effect of TZDs on bone.

Aldosterone Induces Vasoconstriction in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: Effect of Acute Antioxidant Administration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine Høyer Finsen ◽  
Mie Rytz Hansen ◽  
Pernille B Lærkegaard Hansen ◽  
Stefan P Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Context Individuals with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Plasma aldosterone could contribute by reactive oxygen species–dependent mechanisms by inducing a shift in the balance between a vasoconstrictor and vasodilator response to aldosterone. Objective We aimed to investigate the acute vascular effects of aldosterone in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with healthy controls and if infusion of an antioxidant (n-acetylcysteine [NAC]) would alter the vascular response. Methods In a case–control design, 12 participants with type 2 diabetes and 14 healthy controls, recruited from the general community, were studied. Leg hemodynamics were measured before and during aldosterone infusion (0.2 and 5 ng min–1 [L leg volume]–1) for 10 minutes into the femoral artery with and without coinfusion of NAC (125 mg kg–1 hour–1 followed by 25 mg kg–1 hour–1). Leg blood flow and arterial blood pressure was measured, and femoral arterial and venous blood samples were collected. Results Compared with the control group, leg blood flow and vascular conductance decreased during infusion of aldosterone at the high dose in individuals with type 2 diabetes, whereas coinfusion of NAC attenuated this response. Plasma aldosterone increased in both groups during aldosterone infusion and there was no difference between groups at baseline or during the infusions. Conclusion These results suggests that type 2 diabetes is associated with a vasoconstrictor response to physiological levels of infused aldosterone and that the antioxidant NAC diminishes this response.

11-LB: Nonsevere Hypoglycemia Predicts Increased Risk of Subsequent Severe Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 11-LB
Author(s):  
SIMON R. HELLER ◽  
ELISE HACHMANN-NIELSEN ◽  
KAJSA KVIST
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk

Analysis of the Potential Association of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes CYP2C9*3 and CYP2C19*3 Gene Variations With Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1152-1160
Author(s):  
Imadeldin Elfaki ◽  
Rashid Mir ◽  
Faisel Mohammed Abu-Duhier ◽  
Chandan Kumar Jha ◽  
Adel Ibrahim Ahmad Al-Alawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Antiplatelet Drug ◽  
Drug Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Populations

Background:: Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are drug-metabolizing enzymes catalyzing the metabolism of about 75% of drug in clinical use. CYP2C9 represents 20% CYP proteins in liver cells and is a crucial member of CYPs superfamily. CYP2C19 metabolizes very important drugs such as antiulcer drug omeprazole, the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel and anticonvulsant mephenytoin. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP genes have been associated with unexpected drug reactions and diseases in different populations. Objective:: We examined the associations of CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910) and CYP2C19*3 (rs4986893) with T2D in Saudi population. Methods:: We used the allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and DNA sequencing in 111 cases and 104 controls for rs1057910, and in 119 cases and 110 controls for rs4986893. Results:: It is indicated that the genotype distribution of rs1057910 in cases and controls were not significantly different (P=0.0001). The genotypes of rs1057910 were not associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (P>0.05). Whereas the genotype distribution of rs4986893 in cases and controls was significantly different (P=0.049). The AA genotype of rs4986893 may be associated in increased risk to T2D with OR=17.25 (2.06-143.8), RR=6.14(0.96-39.20), P=0.008. Conclusion:: The CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910) may not be associated with T2D, while CYP2C19*3 (rs4986893) is probably associated with T2D. These findings need to be validated in follow-up studies with larger sample sizes and different populations.

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