scholarly journals Regulating high-cost short-term credit in the UK: is there scope for ‘libertarian paternalism’ based provisions?

Legal Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Abdul Karim Aldohni ◽  
Darren Duxbury
Keyword(s):  
Libertarian Paternalism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Bargaining Positions ◽  
Silver Bullet ◽  
Experimental Survey

Abstract The regulatory protection of credit consumers, in general, is paramount due to the considerable use of credit, the imbalanced bargaining positions of the contracting parties and the adverse effect of over-indebtedness on individuals and society alike. These concerning factors are worsened in the case of High-Cost Short-Term Credit (HCSTC) consumers owing to their disadvantaged financial position and other recognised vulnerabilities. In this respect, the paper argues that direct regulatory intervention, despite its importance, is not always a silver bullet. Through the analysis of the overhauling of the UK HCSTC regulatory framework, this paper demonstrates the shortfalls of these regulatory changes. Accordingly, the paper shifts the argument towards improving the decision-making mechanisms of HCSTC consumers, ie the role of ‘libertarian paternalism’-based interventions. By using a bespoke experimental survey, the paper demonstrates the type of behavioural interventions that can assist in this endeavour and which the regulator could possibly mandate.

Apprenticeships: silver bullet or hard slog?

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Martyn Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Training Initiative ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Silver Bullet

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review apprenticeship policy in the UK and to present examples of good practice. Design/methodology/approach – The approach takes the form of a review of three cases. Findings – Apprenticeships are not an easy option. An apprenticeship scheme, and indeed any training initiative, will not command support within an organisation unless it can be seen to assist the business in economic terms. Context is critical. Practical implications – The paper argues for a more realistic assessment of the role of apprenticeship at the level of government policy and in the organisation. Originality/value – The paper offers a different and more measured perspective on apprenticeships, which contrast with current uncritical hype and over-selling.

scholarly journals From libertarian paternalism to liberalism: behavioural science and policy in an age of new technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Dario Krpan ◽  
Milan Urbaník
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Libertarian Paternalism ◽  
Behavioural Science ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Ethical Debate ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality

Abstract Behavioural science has been effectively used by policy makers in various domains, from health to savings. However, interventions that behavioural scientists typically employ to change behaviour have been at the centre of an ethical debate, given that they include elements of paternalism that have implications for people's freedom of choice. In the present article, we argue that this ethical debate could be resolved in the future through implementation and advancement of new technologies. We propose that several technologies which are currently available and are rapidly evolving (i.e., virtual and augmented reality, social robotics, gamification, self-quantification, and behavioural informatics) have a potential to be integrated with various behavioural interventions in a non-paternalistic way. More specifically, people would decide themselves which behaviours they want to change and select the technologies they want to use for this purpose, and the role of policy makers would be to develop transparent behavioural interventions for these technologies. In that sense, behavioural science would move from libertarian paternalism to liberalism, given that people would freely choose how they want to change, and policy makers would create technological interventions that make this change possible.

scholarly journals From Libertarian Paternalism to Liberalism: Behavioural Science and Policy in an Age of New Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Krpan ◽  
Milan Urbanik
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Libertarian Paternalism ◽  
Behavioural Science ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Ethical Debate ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality

Behavioural science has been effectively used by policy makers in various domains, from health to savings. However, interventions that behavioural scientists typically employ to change behaviour have been at the centre of an ethical debate, given that they include elements of paternalism that have implications for people’s freedom of choice. In the present article, we argue that this ethical debate could be resolved in the future through implementation and advancement of new technologies. We propose that several technologies which are currently available and are rapidly evolving (i.e., virtual and augmented reality, social robotics, gamification, self-quantification, and behavioural informatics) have a potential to be integrated with various behavioural interventions in a non-paternalistic way. More specifically, people would decide themselves which behaviours they want to change and select the technologies they want to use for this purpose, and the role of policy makers would be to develop transparent behavioural interventions for these technologies. In that sense, behavioural science would move from libertarian paternalism to liberalism, given that people would freely choose how they want to change, and policy makers would create technological interventions that make this change possible.

The Role of the Shareholders

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-236
Author(s):  
Eva Micheler
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Substantial Influence ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Institutional Shareholders

This chapter explores the role of the shareholders, who have substantial influence over the company. UK company law is shareholder-centred, but it would be wrong to conclude that shareholders are the principals of the directors or of the company. Shareholders normally appoint the directors and auditors, and they have a mandatory power to remove them. The shareholders are also responsible for approving certain transactions, including share issues, takeover defences, political donations, provisions made for employees on the cessation of business, and (under the Listing Rules) certain large transactions. Taken together, these powers give the shareholders significant influence over the management of the company. The rights of shareholders are, however, also subject to constraints. These constraints operate for the benefit of minority shareholders and creditors. The chapter then examines the UK Stewardship Code, through which the government attempts to exercise pressure on institutional shareholders to refrain from requesting short-term return. It also analyses the reflective loss principle, which restricts shareholders in pursuing damages claims against third parties in circumstances where the company has a competing claim.

scholarly journals Determining the presence of a long-term/short-term dilemma for SMEs when adopting strategic orientation to improve performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-110
Author(s):  
Simone Regina Didonet ◽  
Andrew Fearne ◽  
Geoff Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Strategic Orientations ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Business Approach ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study seeks to discuss a potential ‘long-term/short-term dilemma’ for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which could cause tension when adopting two strategic orientations assumed to be complementary – market orientation (MO) and sales orientation (SO). Specifically, the objective of this study is to examine the role of MO and SO as mediators of the relationship between business approach and SME performance. An empirical study of 122 SMEs in the UK grocery sector is conducted. The results reveal that an apparent conflict or tension between market and SO seems to exist in practice. SMEs emphasise both strategic orientations as a way of framing their business approach. However, this emphasis does not hold when considering SME performance. The impact of business approach on performance only occurs through MO. There is no observable significance in the mediation of SO on this relationship. Theoretical and managerial implications for SME management literature and practice are developed.

Role of affect in short-term memory for paired associates.

1968 ◽  
Vol 78 (3, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin F. Nodine ◽  
James H. Korn
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Paired Associates

Management of deradicalisation in the UK: reflections of a clinical psychologist

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feryad A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Psychosocial Issues ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Violent Action ◽  
Clinical Counselling ◽  
The Uk

Radicalisation to violent action is not just a problem in foreign lands. Research has identified numerous politico–psychosocial factors to explain why young people from the UK are now joining terrorist groups such as ISIS. Our understanding has been expanded by the accounts of “returnees” who have subsequently either self-deradicalised or joined a government deradicalisation programme in the role of an Intervention Provider (IP). These individuals are now key to the deradicalisation programme. This article presents the reflections of a clinical psychologist who worked within a social healthcare team managing psychosocial issues related to radicalisation, in conjunction with an allocated IP. The project involved individuals from the Muslim community and, as such, issues discussed are specific to this group. It is acknowledged that the process in general is universally applicable to all groups though specifics may vary (under Trust agreement, details may not be discussed). This article also aims to share basic information on the current Home Office deradicalisation programme and raises questions about the current intervention. It also offers reflections on how the work of IPs may be facilitated and supported by clinical/counselling psychologists and psychotherapists.

The capacity of short term memory from an evolutionary perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Manoochehri
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cognitive System ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Memory span in humans has been intensely studied for more than a century. In spite of the critical role of memory span in our cognitive system, which intensifies the importance of fundamental determinants of its evolution, few studies have investigated it by taking an evolutionary approach. Overall, we know hardly anything about the evolution of memory components. In the present study, I briefly review the experimental studies of memory span in humans and non-human animals and shortly discuss some of the relevant evolutionary hypotheses.

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