scholarly journals Late Chronology in Hualfín Valley (Catamarca, Argentina): A Revision from 14C Dating

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Wynveldt ◽  
Bárbara Balesta ◽  
María Emilia Iucci ◽  
Celeste Valencia ◽  
Gabriela Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Bayesian Models ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Late Period ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Methodological Problems

AbstractThis article addresses chronological problems about archaeological sites traditionally associated with the Belén culture from Hualfín Valley (Catamarca, Argentina), analyzing background research, radiocarbon dates obtained by A Rex González before 1970, and 14C dates made since 1996. First, we critically review the chronological sequence built by González for Belén sites, which include the Late period (AD 1100–1480) and Inca period (AD 1480–1536), subdivided into three phases. Methodological problems that could affect results of the first 14C dates are discussed. Based on this review, we present new 14C dating considering extraction contexts, types of samples, calibration curve data used, the laboratory where each date was obtained, and their methods of measuring, characteristics of sites of origin, and associated archaeological material. Finally, using calibrated ranges and Bayesian models, we suggest groups of events that would correspond to different times in the history of late occupations in the valley.

The Early Segment of the Chronological Sequence at Los Guachimontones

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-102
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Beekman
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Occupational History ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Totality Of Evidence

Los Guachimontones is the largest archaeological site in the Tequila Valleys of central Jalisco and among the most extensively studied sites in the region. Nonetheless, the site lacks an established ceramic sequence, complicating efforts to understand the architectural and habitational chronology at the paramount site of the Teuchitlán tradition. This chapter synthesizes data from over 20 years of survey and excavation, presenting the totality of evidence derived from radiocarbon dates, ceramics and their distribution, figure and figurine debris, burials and offerings, and stratigraphic pits. The chapter concludes by summarizing the results of the analyses to propose a much-needed model of the architectural stratigraphy and occupational history of Los Guachimontones.

scholarly journals A Bayesian Re-Assessment of the Earliest Radiocarbon Dates from Tiwanaku, Bolivia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Bayesian Models ◽  
Sociopolitical Complexity ◽  
Lake Titicaca ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Titicaca Basin ◽  
Lake Titicaca Basin ◽  
Archaic States ◽  
History Of

The development of sociopolitical complexity at Tiwanaku around AD 500 was one of the major episodes of social change in the history of the Lake Titicaca Basin. It was the result of poorly understood processes that took place at a series of ceremonial centers in the preceding centuries. The history of Tiwanaku during this time is especially unclear, because the only radiocarbon dates are from excavations whose details were never completely published. Despite this, there is consensus that Tiwanaku was founded around 300 BC. A re-evaluation of the archaeological context of each of these dates shows many of them to be unreliable. Two Bayesian models from independent excavations agree that Tiwanaku was in fact founded centuries later, most likely around AD 110 (50-170, 1σ). This has important implications for widely used monolith and ceramic sequences, as well as understanding the rise of Tiwanaku and other archaic states.

A History of the Preclassical Archaeology of Anatolia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Late Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Historical Times

This article traces the development of Anatolia's preclassical archaeology through several of its major threads, each following a chronological sequence. As with the archaeology of other regions of the Near East, discoveries have generally begun with late-period civilizations, whose remains often lie closest to the Earth's surface, followed by exploration of materials from earlier societies. In Anatolia, this sequence begins with the Hittites and other societies of historical times, before the development of knowledge of prehistoric communities of Anatolia. This historical sequence is followed, after a consideration of the Turkish contexts for the development of preclassical archaeology.

scholarly journals A wiggle-match date for Polynesian settlement of New Zealand

Antiquity ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (295) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Hogg ◽  
Thomas F. G. Higham ◽  
David J. Lowe ◽  
Jonathan G. Palmer ◽  
Paula J. Reimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Forest Clearance

Dating initial colonisation and environmental impacts by Polynesians in New Zealand is controversial. A key horizon is provided by the Kaharoa Tephra, deposited from an eruption of Mt Tarawera, because just underneath this layer are the first signs of forest clearance which imply human settlement. The authors used a log of celery pine from within Kaharoa deposits to derive a new precise date for the eruption via “wiggle-matching” – matching the radiocarbon dates of a sequence of samples from the log with the Southern Hemisphere calibration curve. The date obtained was 1314 ± 12 AD (2σ error), and the first environmental impacts and human occupation are argued to have occurred in the previous 50 years, i.e. in the late 13th – early 14th centuries AD. This date is contemporary with earliest settlement dates determined from archaeological sites in the New Zealand archipelago.

scholarly journals Provenances: Real, Fake, and Questionable

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patty Gerstenblith
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
International Market ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Provenance Information ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standards Of Evidence

Abstract:Provenance, the ownership history of an artifact or work of art, has become one of the primary mechanisms for determining the legal status and authenticity of a cultural object. Professional associations, including museum organizations, have adopted the “1970 standard” as a means to prevent the acquisition of an ancient object from promoting the looting of archaeological sites, which is driven by the economic gains realized through the international market. The Association of Art Museum Directors (AAMD), one of the museum world’s most influential professional organizations, requires its members to list the ancient artworks and artifacts that they have acquired after 2008 that do not conform to the 1970 standard in an online object registry. The study presented here of the AAMD’s Object Registry for New Acquisitions of Archaeological Material and Works of Ancient Art analyzes the extent to which AAMD member museums do not comply with the 1970 standard and, perhaps of greater significance, the weaknesses in the provenance information on which they rely in acquiring such works. I argue that systematic recurrences of inadequate provenance certitude are symptomatic of the larger problem of methodology and standards of evidence in claiming documented provenance. A museum’s acceptance of possibly unverifiable provenance documentation and, therefore, its acquisition of an object that may have been recently looted, in turn, impose a negative externality on society through the loss of information about our past caused by the looting of archaeological sites.

scholarly journals A Bayesian Re-Assessment of the Earliest Radiocarbon Dates from Tiwanaku, Bolivia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Bayesian Models ◽  
Sociopolitical Complexity ◽  
Lake Titicaca ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Titicaca Basin ◽  
Lake Titicaca Basin ◽  
Archaic States ◽  
History Of

The development of sociopolitical complexity at Tiwanaku around AD 500 was one of the major episodes of social change in the history of the Lake Titicaca Basin. It was the result of poorly understood processes that took place at a series of ceremonial centers in the preceding centuries. The history of Tiwanaku during this time is especially unclear, because the only radiocarbon dates are from excavations whose details were never completely published. Despite this, there is consensus that Tiwanaku was founded around 300 BC. A re-evaluation of the archaeological context of each of these dates shows many of them to be unreliable. Two Bayesian models from independent excavations agree that Tiwanaku was in fact founded centuries later, most likely around AD 110 (50-170, 1σ). This has important implications for widely used monolith and ceramic sequences, as well as understanding the rise of Tiwanaku and other archaic states.

Verbi a supporto nel latino tardo: il caso di facio

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
Giovanbattista Galdi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Object ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Verbal Noun ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic Evolution

SummarySupport verb constructions are documented throughout the history of Latin. These syntagms are characterized by the presence of a support verb with a more or less reduced semantic force, and a predicative (abstract or verbal) noun that often constitutes its direct object. The present contribution deals, specifically, with the use of facio as a support verb (as in bellum facere, iter facere, insidias facere etc.), focussing on the post-classical and late period. Two main questions shall be discussed: (a) whether, and if so, how facio becomes more productive in later centuries in both non-Christian and Christian sources; (b) what type of semantic evolution the verb undergoes in later Latin and whether, in this respect, continuity or rupture should be assumed with regard to the earlier period. This last point will enable us to suggest a more convincing explanation of an often-quoted passage of Cicero (Phil. 3. 22), in which the expression contumeliam facere is found.

The Roman Retail Revolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Roman World ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Bodies Of Evidence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

Tabernae were ubiquitous among all Roman cities, lining the busiest streets and dominating their most crowded intersections, and in numbers not known by any other form of building. That they played a vital role in the operation of the city—indeed in the very definition of urbanization—is a point too often under-appreciated in Roman studies, or at best assumed. The Roman Retail Revolution is a thorough investigation into the social and economic worlds of the Roman shop. With a focus on food and drink outlets, and with a critical analysis of both archaeological material and textual sources, Ellis challenges many of the conventional ideas about the place of retailing in the Roman city. A new framework is forwarded, for example, to understand the motivations behind urban investment in tabernae. Their historical development is also unraveled to identify three major waves—or, revolutions—in the shaping of retail landscapes. Two new bodies of evidence underpin the volume. The first is generated from the University of Cincinnati’s recent archaeological excavations into a Pompeian neighborhood of close to twenty shop-fronts. The second comes from a field survey of the retail landscapes of more than a hundred cities from across the Roman world. The richness of this information, combined with an interdisciplinary approach to the lives of the Roman sub-elite, results in a refreshingly original look at the history of retailing and urbanism in the Roman world.

History of Recording Demotic Epigraphy

2020 ◽  
pp. 491-507
Author(s):  
Jan Moje
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Rosetta Stone ◽  
Roman Egypt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century

This chapter gives an overview of the history of recording and publishing epigraphic sources in Demotic language and script from the Late Period to Greco-Roman Egypt (seventh century bce to third century ce), for example, on stelae, offering tables, coffins, or votive gifts. The history of editing such texts and objects spans over two hundred years. Here, the important steps and pioneering publications on Demotic epigraphy are examined. They start from the beginning of the nineteenth century, when Napoleon’s expedition to Egypt found the Rosetta stone, until the twenty-first century.

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