Educating a City's Children: British Immigrants and Primary Education in Buenos Aires (1820-1880)

Argentina, and Buenos Aires in particular, was a preferred South American destination for great numbers of European immigrants who crossed the Atlantic beginning in the late nineteenth century in search of new opportunities. Most Latin American governments, from the early days of their nations' independence, sought to attract European workers. These newly founded countries considered immigration an essential element for creating a society that would become economically, politically, and socially modern. They hoped to attract mainly foreigners from Northern Europe, among them the British, whom they considered to have superior labor skills and to be accustomed to the habits of order and work the new nation required.

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‘Business Imperialism’ and Argentina, 1875–1900: A Theoretical Note

Journal of Latin American Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022216x00022744 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 437-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Charles Jones

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Latin American ◽

Common Ground ◽

Economic Advantage ◽

The State ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

South American ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

British State

The facts are by now sufficiently clear for it to be common ground in any discussion of late nineteenth-century imperialism that the British State was disinclined to interfere on behalf of British capitalists with Latin American interests when these were threatened by local firms or States. Equally it is clear that British capitalists did not invest in Argentina in the belief that, by so doing, they were actively assisting the foreign policy of the British State. The State provided no grounds for this belief and no inducement to invest, and had it done so it is unlikely that the capitalists concerned – a pretty liberal bunch by and large – would have responded to any greater extent than they felt was consistent with their economic advantage. Again, there were not, in Britain, territorially ambitious militarists and aristocrats with their sights set on the South American republics. This element was quite adequately catered for in the Empire. In short, the models of imperialism favoured by Hobson, Schumpeter, and other conspiracy theorists, however appropriate they may be in particular cases, cannot be generalized and have very little relevance to Argentina.

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A city of trades: Spanish and Italian immigrants in late-nineteenth-century Buenos Aires, Argentina

Cliometrica ◽

10.1007/s11698-017-0164-y ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 343-376 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leticia Arroyo Abad ◽

Blanca Sánchez-Alonso

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Italian Immigrants

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Introduction

While the City Sleeps ◽

10.1525/california/9780520289437.003.0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Lila Caimari

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Neighborhood Associations ◽

Grassroots Politics ◽

The World ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

The Many

This introductory chapter begins with the author's account of the origins of the present volume, which can be traced back to her interest in a late nineteenth-century set of concepts, images, and metaphors that grew up around the figure of the modern criminal. It then discusses the population growth in Buenos Aires, which jumped from about 1.5 to 2.5 million in the two decades between the world wars and the corresponding urban expansion. This sets the stage for a description of the book's purpose, namely to explore the many dimensions of porteño life in the early decades of the twentieth century: its vital network of neighborhood associations, its literacy campaigns, its grassroots politics, its many reformist projects, and so forth.

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Porfirian Commercial Propaganda: Mexico in the World Industrial Expositions

The Americas A Quarterly Review of Latin American History ◽

10.2307/981355 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 230-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Gene Yeager

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Latin American ◽

World Trade ◽

Gilded Age ◽

The United States ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

The World ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Latin American Countries ◽

Trade And Investment

Students of late nineteenth century history have long dismissed the world industrial expositions as glittering, but not highly significant reflections of the gilded age. What emerges from the literature of the period, however, is a sense of the overriding commercial importance of these exhibitions. Nineteenth-century observers consistently linked the fairs to the general growth of world trade and to the expanding commercial hegemony of the United States. More specifically, contemporaries agreed that the expositions served to develop trade and investment ties with Latin America. Among the Latin American countries represented in the expositions, Mexico was the most important and consistent participant.

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Asymmetric Globality and South American Narratives of Bourgeois Failure

The Global Bourgeoisie ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691177342.003.0013 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 275-294

Author(s):

David S. Parker

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Middle Class ◽

South America ◽

Latin American ◽

Global Economy ◽

South American ◽

Major Strain ◽

Imperial Power ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

European Counterpart

This chapter shows how, in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century South America, intellectuals witnessed European and U.S. industrial progress, imperial power, and apparent cultural modernity, against which they compared their own nations, usually unfavorably. One major strain of national self-criticism focused on the supposed absence of a genuine bourgeois middle class or, if existent, its inability to carry out the “historical mission” attributed to its European counterpart. The diagnoses ranged from a focus, in midcentury, on the legacies of Spanish oppression, to more radical, materialist, nationalist, vanguardist, and anti-imperialist perspectives in the 1920s. Yet ideologically divergent explanations of middle-class failure often had common themes, many of which persisted into the 1970s and inspired both cultural and dependencia theories of Latin American underdevelopment that still echo today. Finding similar debates in Argentina, Chile, and Peru—countries whose economic and demographic fortunes varied considerably—the chapter shows that narratives of a missing or flawed bourgeoisie may have accurately reflected the knock-on effects of Latin America's successful insertion into the global economy.

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Cultural Divergence

10.1093/oso/9780190690205.003.0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jeffrey Lawrence

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

American Literature ◽

Latin American ◽

Latin American Literature ◽

The United States ◽

Literary Imagination ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

1960S And 1970S ◽

The 1960S

This chapter offers a periodization of the literatures of the Americas from the late nineteenth century through the postwar period. After acknowledging the emergence of a brief “transamerican literary imagination” forged in the early nineteenth century, I chart the gradual breakdown of this shared literary imagination in the second half of the nineteenth century and the concomitant rise of two distinct modes of literary production in the hemisphere: the US literature of experience and the Latin American literature of the reader. I track the emergence of these systems: in the United States, through the mid-nineteenth-century “American Renaissance,” the late nineteenth-century “age of realism,” the interwar “modernist” period, and the “postmodern” era of the second half of the century; in Latin America, through the modernismo of the turn of the twentieth century, the vanguardia movement of the 1920s and early 1930s, and the boom decades of the 1960s and 1970s.

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Chilean Anticommunism

Chile, the CIA and the Cold War ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474435611.003.0003 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 43-72

Author(s):

James Lockhart

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Nineteenth Century ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Communist Party ◽

Social Conflict ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

South American ◽

Officer Corps ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Late Nineteenth

This chapter evaluates the rise of social conflict in Chile from the late nineteenth century into the early twentieth. It presents Chile's labor movement, the Chilean Communist Party, Chile's conservatives, Chile's professional officer corps, and the Ibáñez dictatorship as the earliest expression of Cold War struggles in Chile. It connects the Chilean Communist Party to the Comintern's South American Bureau and the Soviet Union. It explains why the dictatorship broke relations with the Soviet Union and suppressed the communist party in 1927. And it reviews the nature of United States perceptions and involvement in these events.

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German Buenos Aires Asunder

Competing Germanies ◽

10.7591/cornell/9781501739859.003.0002 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 27-57

Author(s):

Robert Kelz

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Weimar Republic ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

German Language ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Refugee Population ◽

Cultural Centers ◽

Media Institutions ◽

German Speaking ◽

Late Nineteenth

This chapter contextualizes Argentina's thriving German theater scene in German emigration patterns to Argentina; the interplay between German emigrants and their Argentine hosts; and the tensions among local nationalist, antifascist, and Zionist German-language religious, educational, and media institutions. Primarily constituted by emigrants who arrived in the late nineteenth century and in the 1920s, the nationalist colony was characterized by nostalgia for the Wilhelmine monarchy, aversion to the Weimar Republic and, eventually, support for Hitler. The antifascists consisted of a minority of earlier emigrants who supported the Weimar Republic and mostly Jewish German-speaking refugees who fled to Argentina during Nazism. Nominally neutral until late 1944, Argentina permitted pro- and anti-Hitler German media, schools, and cultural centers to flourish, thus whetting extant hostilities among emigrants. Conflict also pervaded the refugee population, which was divided on issues of cultural identity, Jewish integration into the Argentine host society, and collective German guilt for the Shoah.

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Dean Lings's Church: The Success of Ethnic Catholicism in Yonkers in the 1890s

Church History ◽

10.2307/3170495 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 28-41

Author(s):

Thomas J. Shelley

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Catholic Church ◽

Revolutionary War ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

American Catholicism ◽

Large Numbers ◽

European Immigrants ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

American Catholic ◽

American Catholic Church

From the period after the Revolutionary War, when Philadelphia and New York merchants first replaced Maryland planters as the lay elite, American Catholicism has been predominantly urban. This became especially noticeable in the late nineteenth century when large numbers of European immigrants swelled the Catholic ranks in many cities of the Northeast and Midwest. The astonishing ethnic variety of the newcomers made the American Catholic Church more “catholic” than ever before, which was a boon to Catholic apologists, but a nightmare for the American bishops. To their credit, they responded to this pastoral challenge imaginatively and effectively by creating an extensive network of “national parishes” for virtually every sizable ethnic group.

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