Penyuluhan Pencegahan Covid-19 Melalui Video Bagi Masyarakat Perdesaan dan Perkotaan

Berbagai upaya dilakukan mencegah meluasnya penularan Covid-19 termasuk vaksinasi. Salah satu upaya yang dipilih berupa penyuluhan melalui media video yang disebar melalui WhatsApp tanpa harus melakukan kunjungan kepada sasaran keluarga selama masa pandemi. Video berisi materi fakta-mitos seputar Covid-19, pengertian-penyebab-penularan Covid-19, pencegahan penularan dengan 3-M dan vaksinasi Covid-19. Penyuluhan dikemas dalam Google form yang diawali pertanyaan pretes, kemudian video untuk dilihat dan diakhiri pertanyaan postes. Google form disebar melalui WhatsApp pada gawai anggota keluarga, namun beberapa keluarga melihat di gawai tetangganya. Penyuluhan diharapkan meningkatkan cakupan sasaran penyuluhan, meningkatkan pengetahuan sasaran serta mendorong praktek 3-M dan vaksinasi. Kegiatan dilakukan dosen dan mahasiswa dalam mata kuliah Pengalaman Belajar Lapangan. Mitra pelaksana adalah lima orang ketua Rukun Tetangga dan 228 keluarga di lokasi perdesaan dan perkotaan. Terjadi peningkatan signifikan (p 0,000) pengetahuan Covid-19 secara keseluruhan maupun di setiap pertanyaan. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan perubahan pengetahuan menurut jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan maupun menurut tempat tinggal perdesaan maupun perkotaan. Metode penyuluhan melalui penyebaran Google form berisi video penyuluhan yang disebar melalui WhatsApp, diharapkan memperluas cakupan sasaran penyuluhan, meningkatkan pengetahuan, mendorong praktek 3-M serta vaksinasi Covid-19.---Various efforts were made to prevent the spread of Covid-19, including vaccinations. One of the efforts chosen was in the form of extension through video media distributed via WhatsApp without having to visit target families during the pandemic period. The video contains material on the facts or myths about Covid-19, definition, causes and transmission of Covid-19, prevention of transmission with 3-M and Covid-19 vaccination. Extension is packaged in a Google form which begins with a pretest question, then a video to be seen and ends with a post-test question. Google forms are spread via WhatsApp on the devices of family members, but some families see them on neighboring devices. Extension is expected to increase the coverage of extension targets, increase target knowledge and encourage 3-M practice and vaccination. Activities carried out by lecturers and students in the Field Learning Experience course. The implementing partners are five heads of Neighborhood Associations and 228 families in rural and urban locations. There was a significant increase (p 0,000) knowledge of Covid-19 as a whole and in each question. There is no significant difference in knowledge change according to gender, level of education and according to residence in rural and urban areas. The method of extension through the distribution of a Google form containing educational videos distributed through WhatsApp is expected to expand the coverage of extension targets, increase knowledge and encourage 3-M practice and Covid-19 vaccination.

NEIGHBORHOOD ASSOCIATIONS IN JAPANESE SOCIETY: FORMATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND MODERNITY

В статье рассматривается феномен чонайкай (ассоциаций соседей) как формы низовой самоорганизации граждан в Японии, проводится разносторонний анализ их современного состояния через изучение нормативно-правовых основ, структуры, функций и формата взаимодействия с государством. Особое место в контексте исследования уделяется ретроспективному анализу явления путем рассмотрения форм существования соседских ассоциаций на разных этапах исторического развития японского общества. Приводятся специфические черты, отличающие чонайкай от аналогичных объединений в других странах: инклюзивность, отсутствие правовых и институциональных основ. Подчеркивается определяющее значение социально-политического контекста в генезисе и трансформации чонайкай. Формулируются практические рекомендации для российских органов местного самоуправления.

HTML-Based Website Learning Training (Hypertext Markup Languange)

In today's era of globalization, websites are very familiar, where many people easily use the web or website. Some can make their own and some ask for it to be made or rather buy. Just use it and then we just need to use it. Our partners are neighborhood associations 05 and 06 which are located in Perumnas Depok Timur, which have young women and men who are curious about website development, and some young women and men want to continue their studies at a higher level by majoring in information and communication. In making a website, they need several stages that they have to apply because our partners are teenagers who are unfamiliar with website creation, for that we here want to make a basic training in website creation which will later be useful for them in terms of application in their environment and society. Where in this training introduced HTML (hypertext markup language). It is hoped that by studying HTML, teenagers can understand how to create a website with HTML.

Community Organizations and Mobilization from Below

Chapter 4 examines the role that community organizations play in mobilizing poor people into politics. It shows that part of the explanation for the unusually high levels of participation among poor citizens in Latin America can be traced to extraordinarily high levels of community organization. People across all social classes in Latin America are very involved in community organizations, including neighborhood associations, community groups, parent groups, professional organizations, religious groups, and women’s organizations. The chapter shows that organizations promote greater political participation by poor citizens through two mechanisms. The first operates at the community level, through the mobilizational resources and infrastructure provided by densely organized communities that reduce barriers to collective action. The second operates at the elite level, when parties and campaigns channel their political mobilization efforts through organizations rather than targeting atomized individuals. The evidence shows that the effect of involvement with community organizations has a stronger effect on political activism of poorer citizens—but only for voting and protesting, thus helping to equalize overall levels of political participation.

Inovasi produk olahan Singkong menjadi Singkong Frozen untuk meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat

The cassava's production arm was quite abundant. Human ratings generally revolved around plantations and in rungs industries, much of which was said in cassava commodities. Most people consume cassava in the simple way of being boiled, fried, made in chips, and so on. In order not to dull the flavor of traditional foods but to be increasingly ogled by the styrofoampurvets, it is possible to make the products of the Singkong processed innovation into cassava frozen. The public's devoted activity is to helping people improve the economy, providing added insight and skill to processing cassava through cassava frozen and helping people form a group of tapioca women (KWT). The method used in this dedicated activity is by counseling between socializing and training and by demonstrations of Singkong frozen production. This activity involves women of family welfare development and housewives in three neighborhood associations is number 01, 02, and 03 at citizens association 12, Mentangor village districts,Tenayan Raya city districts. The result of this activity is that the target public seems enthusiastic about the material presented and has increased participants' knowledge and insight on assava frocenas are 100%.

Stalled

Chapter 2 details the landscape surrounding domestic violence, highlighting its contradictions. On the one hand, women face a number of social, cultural, and institutional barriers to rights. Social stigma and limited access to housing and jobs constrain their options outside abusive relationships. Law enforcement personnel are overburdened and sexist, simultaneously unwilling to help them and vulnerable to organized pressure. On the other hand, women have access to a range of organizations that offer legal assistance. NGOs, women’s committees, political parties, neighborhood associations, labor unions, and even criminal gangs get involved in domestic disputes and sometimes help advance women’s claims.

Social participation and physical prefrailty in older Japanese adults: The Shimane CoHRE study

As older adults in an early stage (prefrailty) of frailty may return to a healthy state, it is necessary to examine the prevention of prefrailty. In this context, the number and types of social participation activities associated with physical prefrailty in community-dwelling older adults have remained relatively unexplored. This cross-sectional study investigates this issue by analyzing 616 participants living in Okinoshima, Shimane, a rural area of Japan, in 2019. Frailty was assessed using the 5-item frailty phenotype (unintentional weight loss, self-reported exhaustion, weakness, slow walking speed, and low physical activity). Data on social participation were obtained using a questionnaire based on participants’ level of involvement with volunteer groups, sports clubs/groups, neighborhood associations, religious organizations/groups, and community elderly salons; their answers were categorized as “yes” if they answered “several times per year or more” and “no” if they answered “never.” Binominal logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of prefrailty by the number or types of social participation activities, adjusted for gender, age, body mass index, smoking, medication-taking, educational attainment, working status, and living arrangement. Of the 616 participants, 273 (44.3%) and 28 (4.5%) had prefrailty and frailty, respectively. The analysis showed that the number of social participation activities was significantly associated with lower odds of prefrailty (OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.94). Regarding the types of social participation, sports clubs/groups were associated with lower odds of prefrailty (OR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.31–0.73). Participation in neighborhood associations was associated with prefrailty/frailty (OR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37–0.86). These results suggest that increasing the number of social participation activities or involvement in sports clubs/groups and neighborhood associations may be important to prevent physical prefrailty in the older population.

Rethinking the politics of vulnerability: neighborhood empowerment in Kansas City Missouri (USA)

The paper provides evidence for the racialization of urban neighborhoods in Kansas City Missouri, USA and the ways in which voluntary associations of citizens work to resist and reduce conditions of urban vulnerability. The paper presents data from historical patterns of racially-biased real estate practices, including redlining, and demonstrates how these patterns continue to shape the politics of vulnerability in the region today. Three neighborhood profiles provide evidence of the ways in which local neighborhood associations are organized to respond to both social and spatial conditions of vulnerability. In contrast to the estimates of low community resilience in these neighborhoods, the author demonstrates that neighborhood empowerment is an important counterpoint to concentrated vulnerabilities.

Party-Base Linkages and Contestatory Mobilization in Bolivia’s El Alto: Subduing the Ciudad Rebelde

Confrontations between Evo Morales’s Movement toward Socialism (MAS)-led government and sectors of his original support base have raised concerns regarding Bolivia’s “process of change.” An empirical analysis of the Regional Workers’ Union and the Federation of Neighborhood Associations in El Alto reveals that extensive and intensive linkages forged between the MAS and its base during confrontations with conservative forces weakened their contestatory efforts and fostered internal splits that the MAS and the right-wing Unidad Nacional (UN) parties actively promoted. The upshot was the emergence of two versions of each organization that existed side-by-side, one aligned with the MAS, the other with UN, and the capacity of the base to hold the government to popular demands was greatly diminished. Los enfrentamientos entre el gobierno liderado por Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) de Evo Morales y sectores de su base de apoyo original han suscitado preocupaciones con respecto al “proceso de cambio” de Bolivia. Un análisis empírico del Sindicato Regional de Trabajadores y la Federación de Asociaciones Vecinales de El Alto revela que los amplios e intensivos vínculos forjados entre el MAS y su base durante los enfrentamientos con fuerzas conservadoras debilitaron su capacidad de impugnación y fomentaron divisiones internas que tanto el MAS como los partidos de derecha de Unidad Nacional (UN) promovieron activamente. El resultado fue el surgimiento de dos versiones de cada organización que existen lado a lado, una alineada a favor del MAS y la otra a favor de UN. La capacidad de las bases para exigir al gobierno que atendiera las demandas populares se vio muy disminuida.