Domesday Woodland in Southwest England

Antiquity ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 306-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Gradual Disappearance ◽  
Valuable Element ◽  
Domesday Book ◽  
Chief Factors ◽  
Surface Geology

The distribution of woodland and the stages of its gradual disappearance were of fundamental importance in the early historical geography of England. Wood was a valuable element in medieval economy and one of the chief factors affecting the nature of settlement, The evidence concerning the extent of the woodland in early England is of two kinds : (1) the surface geology, which provides a basis for the reconstruction of the original extent ; (2) the statistics of the Domesday Book: these refer to the eleventh century, but they may have some retrospective value. The present essay is an attempt to examine the Domesday evidence for the south and south-western counties of Berkshire, Hampshire, Wiltshire, Dorset, Somerset, Devon and Cornwall.

Airship Fabrics

1921 ◽  
Vol 25 (127) ◽  
pp. 332-356
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chief Factors

A proper treatment of the construction and properties of airship fabrics would require a book rather than an essay. In what follows, it is possible therefore to deal briefly only with the principal types of fabrics, classified according to the main functions of each, describing their structure and behaviour and the chief factors affecting their permanence when in service. There are, then three main classes :—I. Fabrics for the envelopes of non-rigid airships.II. Fabrics for the gasbags of rigid airships.III. Fabrics for the outer covers of rigid airships.In all cases low specific weight (expressed here in grammes per square metre) is clearly of the greatest importance.I. Fabrics of this class must possess gas-holding properties, mechanical strength and pliability. The internal pressure (equal to about 30111ms. of water) which maintains the shape of the envelope sets up in its fabric considerable tension, and this is increased by the distributed weight of the whole ship.

A NOTE ON THE DETECTION OF UNDERSEA CRAFT BY MEANS OF LOW FREQUENCY RADIATION FROM AIRCRAFT

1945 ◽  
Vol 23a (6) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
D. W. R. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
General Expression ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Shore Station ◽  
Chief Factors ◽  
Frequency Radiation

A semiquantitative examination is made of the chief factors affecting both the transmission of low frequency radiation from an aircraft to a submarine and the return of this energy to the aircraft by scattering. A general expression is derived for the returning field strength and graphs are shown for a representative set of conditions. It is indicated that, even under the most favourable conditions, the amount of energy returned is below the level of detectability, if the submarine is submerged more than 10 ft. However, it is also pointed out that communication between a shore station and an undersea craft should be feasible under certain conditions.

TAX FAIRNESS IN ELEVENTH CENTURY ENGLAND

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Accounting History ◽  
Domesday Book ◽  
In The Mists ◽  
Tax Fairness

Alongside the Roman census from Augustus' time and the ecclesiastical surveys or polyptychs of the 8th and 9th century Carolingian kingdoms, the Domesday Survey of 1086 occupies a most significant place in accounting history. Domesday Book, the outcome of the Survey, lists the incomes, tax assessments, wealth and resources of most estates in England and was used as a working accounting document by the monarch and public officials to raise taxes, distribute resources and consolidate power. Although the Domesday document itself survives, many details of its construction and use have been lost in the mists of time. This paper describes research to discover how taxes were levied and which estates and tenants received favorable treatment.

An introduction to the historical geography of Gopakṣetra, Daśārṇa, and Jejākadeśa

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Central India ◽  
Local History ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
History Of ◽  
River Yamuna ◽  
The Right ◽  
Proper Account

Emphasizing the importance of balanced geographical and historical knowledge in the late sixteenth century, Richard Hakluyt remarked: ‘Geographie and Chronologie are the sune and moone, the right eye and left eye of all history.’ In current studies of archaeology and history this emphasis remains apt, for to write a proper account of both artifacts and kings, they must be set geographi- cally in space and chronologically in time. The regions south of the River Yamunā, anciently known as Gopakṣetra, Daśārṇa, and Jejākadeśa (Maps 1 and 2), are rich in antiquarian remains, and have played an important role in the history of India, especially from the Gupta period to the time of the Muslim invasion. Their historical geography, however, has been generally ignored, and scholars have been content to describe the area simply as ‘ Central India’. The purpose of the present essay is to give an introduction to the historical geography of these provinces, and as such it can be taken as a foundation for further studies in local history and archaeology.

Computational Simulation of the Joint Shape after as-Reflowed Soldering

2010 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 651-656
Author(s):  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Li Tian ◽  
Yao Wu Shi ◽  
Jian Lin ◽  
Yong Ping Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Interactive Software ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soldering Process ◽  
Chief Factors ◽  
The One ◽  
Joint Shape

Using the interactive software, this study was mainly focused on developing a 3-D joint shape after the as-reflowed soldering which is the one of chief factors affecting the reliability. From the results, the soldering process can be simulated and observed directly. By changing the various conditions and constraints, such as surface tension, wetting angle and specific gravity, it makes a comparison between the simulated result and the experimental one. The simulated parameters are based on those of the traditional eutectic Sn-Pb solder. After slicing and comparing the different profiles of the simulated shape, the 3-D simulated geometry fits well with the experimental one.

‘Vocales,’ or Early Nominalists

Traditio ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 37-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwakuma Yukio
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Theory Section

In Section 1 of the present essay I present evidence that in the early twelfth-century nominalists were called vocales, a name that only later was replaced by nominales. In Section 2 I argue that ‘vocalism' arose about 1080, one generation of scholars before Roscelin. Since Garlandus' vocalistic Dialectica could be thought to provide evidence of an even earlier origin of the theory, Section 3 will deal with the date of this work, which has wrongly been assigned to the mid-eleventh century or earlier. Sections 4–6 will present a number of unpublished texts by vocalist authors, and the Appendix will supply editions of vocalist texts commenting on or otherwise discussing Porphyry's Isagoge.

Ecclesiastical Wealth in England in 1086

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ayton ◽  
Virginia Davis
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Domesday Book ◽  
William The Conqueror ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

England was a rich prize for William the Conqueror to have won at the battle of Hastings. His conquest was followed by a major redistribution of the wealth of his new kingdom. By the end of his reign, a tenurial revolution had swept through the lay landholding community, leaving only a handful of Anglo-Saxons as tenants-in-chief. The Church had undergone considerable changes of personnel; only one bishopric was still in English hands (Worcester), and of the greater Benedictine houses only Bath and Ramsey were still ruled by English abbots. Domesday Book, the great survey of England made in 1086, although difficult to interpret, provides much information to enable an examination of ecclesiastical wealth, its nature, and its distribution, in the late eleventh century.

Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
F. A. Heckman ◽  
E. Redman ◽  
J.E. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Image Quality ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

Factors affecting microstructural scale in liquid crystalline polymers

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Christine M. Dannels ◽  
Christopher Viney
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
Planar Orientation ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Processing polymers from the liquid crystalline state offers several advantages compared to processing from conventional fluids. These include: better axial strength and stiffness in fibers, better planar orientation in films, lower viscosity during processing, low solidification shrinkage of injection moldings (thermotropic processing), and low thermal expansion coefficients. However, the compressive strength of the solid is disappointing. Previous efforts to improve this property have focussed on synthesizing stiffer molecules. The effect of microstructural scale has been overlooked, even though its relevance to the mechanical and physical properties of more traditional materials is well established. By analogy with the behavior of metals and ceramics, one would expect a fine microstructure (i..e. a high density of orientational defects) to be desirable.Also, because much microstructural detail in liquid crystalline polymers occurs on a scale close to the wavelength of light, light is scattered on passing through these materials.

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