Ecclesiastical Wealth in England in 1086

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ayton ◽  
Virginia Davis
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Domesday Book ◽  
William The Conqueror ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

England was a rich prize for William the Conqueror to have won at the battle of Hastings. His conquest was followed by a major redistribution of the wealth of his new kingdom. By the end of his reign, a tenurial revolution had swept through the lay landholding community, leaving only a handful of Anglo-Saxons as tenants-in-chief. The Church had undergone considerable changes of personnel; only one bishopric was still in English hands (Worcester), and of the greater Benedictine houses only Bath and Ramsey were still ruled by English abbots. Domesday Book, the great survey of England made in 1086, although difficult to interpret, provides much information to enable an examination of ecclesiastical wealth, its nature, and its distribution, in the late eleventh century.

Subinfeudation and Alienation of Land, Economic Development, and the Wealth of Nobles on the Honor of Richmond, 1066 to c. 1300

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Land Law ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Domesday Book ◽  
The Creation ◽  
William The Conqueror ◽  
The Church ◽  
Land Economic

One of the most famous results of the Norman Conquest was the creation of honors, the sometimes vast collections of land given by William the Conqueror to leading followers. These followers then gave land to the Church and subinfeudated land to their own followers, who often granted away land themselves; indeed, the chain of generosity sometimes continued through several levels. Because subinfeudation and alienation of land were so intimately bound up in the creation of English “feudalism” and the development of English land law, scholars have long recognized the importance of this process. Despite great scholarly interest in the process, however, little work has been done to track and quantify the amount of subinfeudation and alienation on secular honors over a long period of time. Scholars have used Domesday Book to produce pertinent figures, but because so much subinfeudation and alienation occurred on the great honors after 1086 such figures tell us little about how much of their land tenants-in-chief granted away and how much they kept over the long haul. Moreover, they tell us little about subinfeudation and alienation of land by rear vassals.

The production ofde luxemanuscripts and the patronage of King Cnut and Queen Emma

1990 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 151-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Heslop
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Illustrated Manuscripts ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Luxury Item ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

The illustrated manuscripts of later Anglo-Saxon England are justly famed for their beauty. The expense lavished on the most elaborate of them is paralleled in Western Europe at the time only in late-tenth- and eleventh-century Germany. Neither France, Spain nor Italy can offer anything that is comparable to this sustained luxury production. Modern art-historical scholarship on the Anglo-Saxon material has not really attempted to explain this phenomenal industry beyond implying that the vast majority of these books were made in monastic scriptoria and for the use of the church. If this implication is correct, it begs the questions, ‘where did the money come from?’ and ‘whence the desire to spend it in this way?’ Perhaps the questions are not asked because the answers in general terms seem rather obvious. Expenditure on any particular luxury item is usually in part a question of fashion, and fashion in certain circumstances becomes a priority which determines that surplus money is directed towards its indulgence. Doubtless a response along these lines could be fleshed out by a discussion of the sources of income of the Anglo-Saxon church and of its aspirations to conspicuous display. But any exploration of monastic wealth and rivalry for prestige which attempts to explain book production at this period would be based on the assumption, and it is no more than an assumption, that the phenomenon is to be accounted for by ecclesiastical patronage. The arguments brought forward in this paper will be directed towards a different end: that many of the most famous English illuminated books of this period owe their creation to royal money, and that they were produced, sometimes without a particular recipient in mind, to be given as presents which would help cement allegiance to the crown and serve as an indication of the donor's piety. But what is the evidence for this upturn in the production ofde luxemanuscripts?

Stages in Diplomatic Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 610-618
Author(s):  
Olivier Guyotjeannin
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter examines administrative documents of the Middle Ages and the major scholarly studies of them. It surveys the number of preserved documents and the problems surrounding the lack of documents in different periods and places. The author discusses the role and influence of the Church in the increased production and preservation of documents beginning in the eleventh century, leading to an enormous increase in the production of documents during the last three centuries of the Middle Ages.

The Acta of William the Conqueror, Domesday Book, the Oath of Salisbury, and the Legitimacy and Stability of the Norman Regime in England

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-65
Author(s):  
Paul Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Medieval History ◽  
Domesday Book ◽  
The Stability ◽  
William The Conqueror

AbstractDomesday Book, which is usually considered to be the product of William the Conqueror's great survey of England in 1086, is one of the most important sources of English medieval history. This article contributes to the vigorous and long-standing debate about the purpose of Domesday Book. It does so by exploring the light cast by some of William's royal acta on the activities and concerns of the king and his advisers while the Domesday survey was in progress. These are linked to the difficult political and military circumstances confronting William and his followers in 1085–86 and their desire to deal with these by strengthening the stability, legitimacy, and security of their regime in England. The article also casts additional light on the importance and dating of the relevant acta.

Relations between the Russian Empire and the Orthodox Church of the East as Exemplified in the Collection of Greek Engravings of The Church Archaeological Museum at the Moscow Theological Academy

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Анна Леонидовна Краснова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Church Of The East ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

В XVIII в. на основании общего интереса к святыням Востока, а также единой тенденции для крупных монастырей изготавливать гравюры на память для паломников, многие греческие гравюры свидетели русско-афонских отношений попадают на территорию Российской Империи. Сохранились такие гравюры и в Церковноархеологического кабинете Московской духовной академии, собрание которых насчитывает 29 эстампов. Пять гравюр из этого собрания имеют надписи на греческом и на славянском языке. Надписи свидетельствуют о месте и времени создания гравюры, о граверах и заказчиках, являются источниками кратких исторических сведений. В статье приведены выявленные дополнительные факты об этих гравюрах, которые свидетельствуют о наличии церковных, экономических и политических отношений на базе культурных связей между Российской Империей и странами православного Востока. The Russ has always been supporting the relationship with the Orthodox Church of the East. As a result of these connections, we have a lot of icons and other gifts from The Mount Athos, The Saint Catherine’s Monastery and others holy places. There are five Greek engravings in the collection of The Museum of Church Archaeology at the Moscow Theological Academy, which have inscriptions in Greek and Slavic. These engravings were to be spread in Slavic countries. They are dated from the 17th to the 19th century. Some of them were made in Moscow. The images and the inscriptions of the engravings are the subject of a research presented in this article.

Domesday Woodland in Southwest England

Antiquity ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 306-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Gradual Disappearance ◽  
Valuable Element ◽  
Domesday Book ◽  
Chief Factors ◽  
Surface Geology

The distribution of woodland and the stages of its gradual disappearance were of fundamental importance in the early historical geography of England. Wood was a valuable element in medieval economy and one of the chief factors affecting the nature of settlement, The evidence concerning the extent of the woodland in early England is of two kinds : (1) the surface geology, which provides a basis for the reconstruction of the original extent ; (2) the statistics of the Domesday Book: these refer to the eleventh century, but they may have some retrospective value. The present essay is an attempt to examine the Domesday evidence for the south and south-western counties of Berkshire, Hampshire, Wiltshire, Dorset, Somerset, Devon and Cornwall.

The Maaseik embroideries

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 65-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mildred Budny ◽  
Dominic Tweddle
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Form Part ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Middle Ages

Among the relics in the treasury of the church of St Catherine at Maaseik in Limburg, Belgium, there are some luxurious embroideries which form part of the so-called casula (probably ‘chasuble’) of Sts Harlindis and Relindis (pls. I–VI). It was preserved throughout the Middle Ages at the abbey church of Aldeneik (which these sister-saints founded in the early eighth century) and was moved to nearby Maaseik in 1571. Although traditionally regarded as the handiwork of Harlindis and Relindis themselves, the embroideries cannot date from as early as their time, and they must have been made in Anglo-Saxon England. Indeed, they represent the earliest surviving examples of the highly prized English art of embroidery which became famous later in the Middle Ages as opus anglicanum.

scholarly journals Anglican Parish of Blenheim: strengthening to the Church of the Nativity

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
C. C. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

The Church of the Nativity in
Blenheim is in two distinct structural types. The nave, narthex and tower are
of brick veneered reinforced concrete
and steel portal frames constructed
about 1959 to replace an old timber building. Check calculations showed this to generally meet latest code requirements. The transept and chancel was, prior to the strengthening work, of unreinforced brick masonry built about 1906 - with some reinforced buttresses and reinforced concrete bands. The whole building is roofed with concrete tiles. The initial assessment of the building was made in terms of Clause 301A of the Municipal Corporation Act in 1976. This building is regarded as one of Blenheim's finest older buildings and the members of the Church did not wish to lose, or detract from, its character, either by obvious strengthening or rebuilding.

scholarly journals Gli angeli zaratini a Ceregnano: una proposta per Gregorio Morlaiter

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Damir Tulić ◽  
Mario Pintarić
Keyword(s):  
Small Town ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

In the small town of Ceregnano, not far from Rovigo in Veneto, a new parish church was built in the 18th century. Its richly ornamented high altar has a monumental tabernacle with two large marble angels in adoration. The author has established that the altar was made in the tradition of analogous works produced by Giorgio Massari, and that the accurate date of its construction is 1778, the year carved at the rear of the tabernacle dome. Moreover, models have been found for the Ceregnano angels, namely the marble statues of angels at the high altar of the Benedictine church of St Mary in Zadar, produced between 1759 and 1762 by the famous Venetian sculptor Giovanni Maria Morlaiter. More precisely, the Ceregnano angels were made after Morlaiter’s terracotta models for the angels of Zadar, preserved at the Ca’Rezzonico museum in Venice. A stylistic analysis of sculptural decoration at the Ceregnano altar has allowed the author to attribute it to Giovanni Maria’s son Gregorio Morlaiter (Venice, 1738 – 1784), heir to his father’s workshop. The same master has been attributed with a small tabernacle with putti installed in 1776 on the high altar of the church of Sant’Andrea della Zirada in Venice.

Lusterware Made in the Abbadid Taifa of Seville (Eleventh Century) and Its Early Production in the Mediterranean Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Barceló ◽  
Anja Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Production ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Made In

This article presents a study of the expansion of Islamic lusterware across the Mediterranean before its production was fully consolidated in al-Andalus between the end of the twelfth and the thirteenth century. A number of examples are presented here that indicate a flourishing trade around the Mediterranean as early as the tenth century, including pottery as well as other luxury goods. A survey of lusterware found on the Iberian Peninsula has yielded relevant information on the complex technical history of local luster production. We present seven Andalusi luster fragments from the eleventh century that feature decoration on both sides, with one piece bearing epigraphic inscriptions naming two of the Abbadid rulers of Seville, al-Muʿtaḍid and al-Muʿtamid. Discovered in Spain (Seville and Palma del Rio) and Portugal (Silves and Coimbra), these fragments indicate the existence of a ceramic production center in Seville and another at the Abbadid palace during the second half of the eleventh century. These pieces indicate the direct and marked influence that the various centers of luxury luster production in the Islamic East and West exerted on one another, a phenomenon not uncommon in the history of Islamic pottery.


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