Ecosystem Services for Environmental Sustainability

Many of the most valuable contributions of ecosystems to human wellbeing are ecosystem services and are generally underrepresented in assessments. Indirect and direct factors including biophysical dynamics like soil properties, changing climatic conditions, plant functional structures, and anthropogenic activities like changes in land use and land degradation reduce ecosystem services. It is challenging and important to identify these factors and also to estimate their relative contributions to the degradation of ecosystem services. The chapter is an attempt to identify all these important factors and also suggest ways to enhance ecosystem services. Furthermore, incorporation of local knowledge would enable quantifying ecosystem services at a greater spatial resolution and also help in identifying chief factors influencing ecosystem service delivery. Furthermore, a long-term program needs to be established for gathering data towards streamlining ecosystem services wherein involvement of stakeholders is necessary for designing payments for these programs.

Chief factors in Polish groups

In finite group theory, chief factors play an important and well-understood role in the structure theory. We here develop a theory of chief factors for Polish groups. In the development of this theory, we prove a version of the Schreier refinement theorem. We also prove a trichotomy for the structure of topologically characteristically simple Polish groups. The development of the theory of chief factors requires two independently interesting lines of study. First we consider injective, continuous homomorphisms with dense normal image. We show such maps admit a canonical factorisation via a semidirect product, and as a consequence, these maps preserve topological simplicity up to abelian error. We then define two generalisations of direct products and use these to isolate a notion of semisimplicity for Polish groups.

A classification of the abelian minimal closed normal subgroups of locally compact second-countable groups

We classify the locally compact second-countable (l.c.s.c.) groups 𝐴 that are abelian and topologically characteristically simple. All such groups 𝐴 occur as the monolith of some soluble l.c.s.c. group 𝐺 of derived length at most 3; with known exceptions (specifically, when 𝐴 is \mathbb{Q}^{n} or its dual for some n\in\mathbb{N}), we can take 𝐺 to be compactly generated. This amounts to a classification of the possible isomorphism types of abelian chief factors of l.c.s.c. groups, which is of particular interest for the theory of compactly generated locally compact groups.

The influence of ℳ-supplemented subgroups on the structure of chief factors of finite groups

In this paper, we introduce the concept of weakly [Formula: see text]-hypercyclically embedded subgroups, and investigate the influence of [Formula: see text]-supplemented subgroups on the structure of chief factors of finite groups. First, we find a connection between [Formula: see text]-supplemented subgroups and normally embedded subgroups. With the help of this connection, we give some criteria for (weakly) [Formula: see text]-hypercyclically embeddability of normal subgroups of finite groups by using fewer [Formula: see text]-supplemented [Formula: see text]-subgroups with given order. In particular, we not only simplify, but also improve the Main Theorem of [L. Miao and J. Zhang, On a class of non-solvable groups, J. Algebra 496 (2018) 1–10]. Finally, we point out that for a [Formula: see text]-subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], the concept of [Formula: see text]-embedded subgroups coincides with the concept of [Formula: see text]-supplemented subgroups.

VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATIONS WORK AS A DETERMINING MARKER OF CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

It analyses essential indicators of volunteering, volunteer work and the features of work conducted by volunteer organizations as an index of civic society development in Ukraine. The features of volunteer movements in Ukraine have been analyzed. It has been recognized that Ukrainian volunteer movement in 2014 become an unprecedented manifestation of public self-organization in its scale. The increasing of volunteer movement had been due to two chief factors: internal political crisis, that has led to the disbalance of the public administration systems, lack of quality management decisions, lack of resources, and external aggression which deepened the disbalance between the state’s ability to perform its functions effectively and ensuring the basic needs of the citizens. The crisis in the country and external influences had endangered the existence of Ukraine as a state, which has been received by its citizens as a personal challenge, as danger to their self-identification. It has been demonstrated that volunteer organizations are an influential social institute that acts on a voluntary basis and brings the country income and also solves a number of socially important issues instead of the state administration. In conclusion, volunteering is steadily becoming a foundation for civil society development. Without the work conducted by the volunteers it is hard to imagine NGOs and charities at all, the quality control over government and business becomes virtually impossible. Without volunteers there is not enough energy to fuel societal development, there’s not enough effort and time to help people in need, not enough creative potential for solving social problems.

Management Influence on Individual and Group Behavior in Business Organization

In this academic article the main emphasis is the nature and specificity of human behavior in an organization. The chief factors that are influencing on an individual behavior are considered and analyzed, as well the useful management techniques for stimulation and limitation of individual and group behavior in the organization. The text presents all main views about the personal behavior‘ core, and highlights the varieties of responsible behavior of the employees as an integral part of the organization.

Food components and diet habits: chief factors of cancer development

Food is a vital need for everyone. Today, there is food for all, but the world still suffers from under- and over-nutrition and risk of cancer development and chronic diseases can follow both cases. Worldwide, cancer is a leading cause of mortality after cardiovascular disease; it is considered the second reason for death globally. Role of nutritional habits, the quality of food, the consumption of canned foods, genetically modified fruits and vegetables and exposed food to certain pesticides and carcinogens agents, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours such as smoking, alcohol, obesity, and fast-foods consumption may be at risk to the development of some cancers. In recent decades, researchers have carried out attention in this field to improve the quality of life and to limit nutrition problems. Thus, this study aims to summarize current evidence on the relationship between nutritional factors and cancer expansion, how nutrition can be a heal and a source of fatal illness leading to death. In detail, this review will highlight the influence of specific foodstuffs on the threat of cancer incidence and recurrence by providing some examples of most carcinogenic compounds.