The technology—science interaction: Walter Reppe and cyclooctatetraene chemistry

This is another paper about science and her powerful companion (technology), to use A. W. Hofmann's colourful phrase. Whereas most papers on the interaction of science and technology deal with the transfer of knowledge from academic science to industrial technology, this paper is about the contribution of an industrial researcher to academic chemistry. The boost Reppe's research gave to the study of aromaticity parallels the impact of the early synthetic dye chemistry on structural organic chemistry. This case study suggests that we cannot draw a clear distinction between ‘pure’ and ‘applied’ chemistry, in the laboratory at least.

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The Transfer of Knowledge and University-Firm Tensions

Knowledge Management Initiatives and Strategies in Small and Medium Enterprises - Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1642-2.ch017 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 361-381

Author(s):

Hugo Pinto

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Transfer ◽

Social Studies ◽

Policy Making ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Academic Science ◽

Transfer Of Knowledge ◽

Public Research ◽

Business World ◽

Economic Exploitation

Innovation is transformed in an encompassing domain where different types of actors are connected and interrelated. Nevertheless, academic science often feels threatened by the new emerging institutional paradigm characterized by the economic exploitation of public research results. This chapter explores university-firm relations and tensions, discussing the increased relevance of knowledge transfer. The ideas of Ludwik Fleck, intellectual precursor of Social Studies of S&T, contribute to the understanding of the difficulties of communication between different collectives, their styles of thought and the importance of ‘marginal individuals' in connecting different institutional spheres. Based on a qualitative approach to the case study of a Portuguese university attempting to create bridges with the business world, the text illustrates differences between the ‘academic science' and the firm, the recent institutionalization of commercialization of research, and findings for policy-making and management of knowledge transfer activities.

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The Impact of Visual Stereotypes on Judgments about Rape

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000178 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 133-140

Author(s):

Robert Busching ◽

Johannes Lutz

Keyword(s):

Mental Representations ◽

Irrelevant Information ◽

Clear Distinction ◽

Rape Myth ◽

Facial Features ◽

Reverse Correlation ◽

Correlation Technique ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Legal Judgments ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Legally irrelevant information like facial features is used to form judgments about rape cases. Using a reverse-correlation technique, it is possible to visualize criminal stereotypes and test whether these representations influence judgments. In the first step, images of the stereotypical faces of a rapist, a thief, and a lifesaver were generated. These images showed a clear distinction between the lifesaver and the two criminal representations, but the criminal representations were rather similar. In the next step, the images were presented together with rape scenarios, and participants (N = 153) indicated the defendant’s level of liability. Participants with high rape myth acceptance scores attributed a lower level of liability to a defendant who resembled a stereotypical lifesaver. However, no specific effects of the image of the stereotypical rapist compared to the stereotypical thief were found. We discuss the findings with respect to the influence of visual stereotypes on legal judgments and the nature of these mental representations.

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