scholarly journals Derek Howse (1919–98)

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-225
Author(s):  
D. W. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marine Engineering ◽  
Second World

Commander Derek Howse, who has died aged 78, was a man of many talents which he used unstintingly in time of war, and in times of peace for the public benefit. After a distinguished career in the Royal Navy he joined the Museum service, and rose in it to become the leading authority on the history of the buildings, instruments and astronomical timekeepers of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, on the solution in the eighteenth century of the problem of determining the longitude at sea by lunar distance and by chronometer, and on the development and use of radar at sea.Derek was the son of a Captain of the Royal Navy, and at the age of thirteen and a half years followed his father into the Navy as a Naval Cadet. In HMS Britannia (then the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth) for the next three and a half years Derek was given a very broad – for those, even more for present times – education, for it was in the sciences and the humanities, in marine engineering and in seamanship, before going to sea as a midshipman in the 16″-gun battleship HMS Rodney for some two years. He then completed his sub-lieutenant's qualifying courses in navigation, gunnery, torpedoes, anti-submarine warfare and signals in 1939, as the Second World War broke out, when he again went to sea.

scholarly journals The Societal Relevance of the “Rheinischer Merkur”

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-199
Author(s):  
Regina M. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
Christian Worldview ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

At present, there is no societally relevant political newspaper in Germany that is based on a Christian worldview. The Rheinischer Merkur, founded in 1946 shortly after the end of the Second World War and shut down by the German Bishops’ Conference in 2010, was a newspaper of this kind. It went beyond the Christian milieu in the fulfilment of its mission in the public arena. The closure of the Rheinischer Merkur obscures even today the decisive role it played in the elaboration of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany and the substantial quality of the paper. This essay sketches the history of the Rheinischer Merkur and its self-understanding, as well as its decline, locating these in the context of the journalistic autonomies and media-ethical tensions to which every journalistic medium is subject.

‘Other Diplomacies’ and World Order: Historical Insights from Canadian–Asian Relations

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Young ◽  
Susan J. Henders
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
World Order ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Second World

This article examines the diplomatic practices of non-state actors in the history of Canadian–Eastern Asian relations in order to theorize and show empirically how diplomacies make and can transform world orders. Analysing examples of trans-Pacific missionary, commercial and labour interactions from the late eighteenth century to the Second World War, the article points to how the diplomatic practices of non-state actors, often in everyday circumstances, enacted Canadian–Asian relations. They, in turn, constituted and challenged the hierarchical social relations of the European imperial world order that was linked with race, class, gender, civilization and culture — hierarchies that conditioned patterns of thought and action, in that order. The analysis uses and further develops the concept of ‘other diplomacies’, as introduced by Beier and Wylie, to highlight the centrality to world orders of practices that have a diplomatic character, even when the actors involved do not represent states.

Breaking the Taboo: Architects and Advertising in Depression and War

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Shanken
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Relations Campaign ◽  
American Institute Of Architects ◽  
Second World

Breaking the Taboo: Architects and Advertising in Depression and War chronicles the fall of a professional interdiction in architecture, precipitated by the Second World War. For much of the history of their profession in the United States, architects——unlike builders and engineers, their main competition——faced censure from the American Institute of Architects if they advertised their services. Architects established models of professional behavior intended to hold them apart from the commercial realm. Andrew M. Shanken explores how the Great Depression and the Second World War strained this outdated model of practice, placing architects within consumer culture in more conspicuous ways, redefining the architect's role in society and making public relations an essential part of presenting the profession to the public. Only with the unification of the AIA after the war would architects conduct a modern public relations campaign, but the taboo had begun to erode in the 1930s and early 1940s, setting the stage for the emergence of the modern profession.

‘The dancing front’: dance music, dancing, and the BBC in World War II

Popular Music ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINA BAADE
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Case History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
National Service ◽  
Dance Music ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Dance ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

This paper offers a case history of the BBC's ambivalent engagement with dance music during the Second World War. It examines what ‘dance music’ meant to the BBC, musicians, and the public, and how they contested and performed those meanings in the context of new social dance practices and the growing popularity of what became known as ‘swing’ in Britain. Although broadcasting in effect disembodied music closely associated with the physical, the BBC was a primary way for people to access dance music which supported their bodily acts of leisure and regimentation. The BBC's study and regulation of dance music centred around two goals: pleasing important groups in national service and broadcasting morale-boosting music. The problem of whether these goals were congruent lay at the heart of the issue, for the youth active in national service emerged as the primary audience for the two genres – ‘swing’ and ‘sentimentality’ – about which the BBC felt most dubious.

scholarly journals The history of archaeological research at the site of the former Kulmhof extermination camp

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Andrzej Grzegorczyk
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second World

The Kulmhof extermination camp in Chełmno nad Nerem was the first camp set up by the Nazis to exterminate Jews during the Second World War. The history of Kulmhof has long been an area of interest for academics, but despite thorough research it remains one of the least-known places of its kind among the public. Studies of the role of archaeology in acquiring knowledge about the functioning of the camp have been particularly compelling. The excavations carried out intermittently over a thirty-year period (1986–2016), which constitute the subject of this article, have played a key role in the rise in public interest in the history of the camp.

Valle d’Aosta. La sfida della continuità / Aosta Valley. The challenge of continuity

ARCHALP ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Corrado Binel
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Public Works ◽  
World War ◽  
Collective Interest ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Second World

The text traces the history of Aosta Valley architecture from the Second World War to the present day. The first part focuses on the evolution of architecture in the fifties and sixties, on modern architecture and on the international influences in a long phase of great economic growth. In the central part it focuses rather on the regionalist and sometimes folkloristic evolution of the following decades. He then tried to analyse, starting from the 2000s, the profound transformations generated by the economic crisis but also by the extraordinary occupation of land that over the course of about 50 years has saturated most of the territory of a small Alpine region. Finally, it attempts an analysis of the most recent development, of relations with the rest of the Alpine world and of the not easy attempt to combine history, environment, aesthetics and rationality. The text is accompanied by the choice of eight architectures from 2010 in the last eight years. As you can see only two are public works, two of collective interest and four are private homes and this choice wants to focus your attention to the fact that in the near future, in all likelihood, will no longer be the public commission to be at the center of possible experiments with new architectural languages.

Ghetto and Suburb

Migrant City ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 28-56
Author(s):  
Panikos Panayi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
First Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
East End ◽  
Second World

This chapter examines patterns of migrant settlement in London. The visibility of migrants in London often became associated with concentration in what contemporary observers often essentially regarded as ghettoes — from the Irish ‘rookery’ in St Giles during the eighteenth century to the Jewish East End by the late Victorian period to the ‘coloured quarter’ immediately after the end of the Second World War, focused especially upon the East End, but increasingly moving to other parts of the capital, including South London, especially around Brixton. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, the ethnic concentrations which had characterized the history of London became a feature of the entire metropolis, as a patchwork of ethnic concentrations developed. This apparent universalization of settlement based upon ethnic lines reflected the increasing numbers of migrants moving to London, as well as the growing diversification of these newcomers. Ghettoization, to the extent that it exists, offers just one way of understanding the living patterns of migrant populations in London.

scholarly journals Music in a ‘classless society’: Activities of members and ‘fellow travelers’ of communist party of Yugoslavia on the construction of conceptual and practical basis of the new musical order

Muzikologija ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 27-52
Author(s):  
Ivana Vesic
Keyword(s):  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
World War ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classless Society ◽  
Second World

On account of its illegal status in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the CPY underwent many transformations in its organizational structure and methods of political struggle during the 1920s and 1930s. Although there are different periodizations of the pre-Second World war history of the CPY, most historiographers designate as most important moments the termination of the five-year long dictatorship of King Aleksandar in 1934 and the implementation of new policies in Comintern in 1935. After that, the CPY began very dynamic political campaigning attempting to reach different parts of the population which affected the definition and application of its cultural policies. Closer alignment with the leftist element of the field of culture created fertile ground for the construction of a broad cultural programme as well as the institutional circuit that enabled the implementation of some of its parts. A group of music specialists among the left-oriented cultural actors contributed to the process of the conceptual and practical articulation of the parts of the programme regulating musical practice. The so-called ?left music front? activists developed plural perspectives in the discussion of the music order in a classless society, interpreting the problem of the popularization of high-art music as well as the emancipation of proletarian music from different ideological positions. In that process they leaned on a specific version of the canon of composers both in the local and international music traditions and also on a historical narrative grounded in a dialectical materialism that was deduced from the Soviet model of the history of music. At the dawn of the Second World War, ?left music front? became more homogenized which was the result of strict ideological disciplining of members of the CPY in that period. Unlike the leftist segment of the literary field in which party policies were strongly opposed and criticized publicly, there were no ideological conflicts of that sort in its musical counterpart. Because of strict political control of the public sphere, activists of the ?left music front? had difficulties in the implementation of their cultural programme. They focused mostly on cultural work within workers` and students` organizations and societies that gave them an opportunity to promote in the public some of the core concepts of that programme. Although the activities in the abovementioned organizations gave modest results in the process of the institutionalization of the CPY`s cultural policies, they could be seen as an important basis for the development of musical practices after the Second World War. Together with other artistic projects in the leftist part of the cultural field, the musical undertakings of the members and ?fellow travellers? of the CPY contributed to the pluralisation and differentiation of that field, creating an alternative understanding of the production of music as well as of cultural policies on music.

Detectives and Forensic Science

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haia Shpayer-Makov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

This exploratory essay outlines various pivotal trends in the professionalization of police detection in England, France, and the United States from the mid-eighteenth century to the Second World War. Key landmarks in the evolution of the role of the detective from criminal turned paid informant, or from nonspecialist law enforcer, to a professional member of a detective unit are traced. The essay draws upon the history of forensic science to highlight the interface between detection and forensic science and to point toward forensic science methodologies that made significant inroads in the world of police detection, thereby enhancing its professionalization.

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