scholarly journals The effect of choline and cystine on the utilisation of methionine for protein accretion, remethylation and trans-sulfuration in juvenile shrimp Penaeus monodon

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenaïg Richard ◽  
Christiane Vachot ◽  
Anne Surget ◽  
Vincent Rigolet ◽  
Sadasivam J. Kaushik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Betaine Homocysteine Methyltransferase ◽  
First Time ◽  
Juvenile Shrimp ◽  
Homocysteine Methyltransferase

This 35-d feeding experiment examined in juvenile shrimp Penaeus monodon (3·3 g initial body weight) the effects of methionine (Met), choline and cystine on protein accretion and the activity of two key enzymes of remethylation (betaine–homocysteine methyltransferase; BHMT) and trans-sulfuration (cystathionine β-synthase; CBS). The interaction between Met and choline was tested using semi-purified diets either adequate or limiting (30 or 50 %) in total sulphur amino acid (SAA) content with a constant cystine:Met ratio. The diets contained either basal or excess choline (3 v. 7 g/kg feed). Cystine was added to two other 30 and 50 % Met-limiting diets to adjust the SAA supply to that of the control diet in order to evaluate the interaction between Met and cystine. As expected, N accretion was significantly lower with the SAA-limiting diets but increased back to control levels by the extra choline or cystine, demonstrating their sparing effect on Met utilisation for protein accretion. We show, for the first time, the activities of BHMT and CBS in shrimp hepatopancreas. Only BHMT responded to the SAA deficiencies, whereas the extra choline and cystine did not stimulate remethylation or down-regulate trans-sulfuration. Our data also suggest the capacity of P. monodon to synthesise taurine, being significantly affected by the cystine level in the 30 % SAA-limiting diets. Further research is warranted to better understand the metabolic regulation of taurine synthesis in shrimp and of the observed Met-sparing effects.

scholarly journals The effect of salinity on enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection in Penaeus vannamei under experimental conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Aranguren Caro ◽  
F. Alghamdi ◽  
K. De Belder ◽  
J. Lin ◽  
H. N. Mai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an enteric pathogen that affects Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon shrimp in many SE Asian countries. In the western hemisphere, EHP was reported for the first time in 2016 in farmed P. vannamei in Venezuela. Anecdotal evidence suggests that EHP is more prevalent in grow-out ponds where the salinity is high (> 15 parts per thousand (ppt)) compared to grow-out ponds with low salinities (< 5 ppt). Considering that P. vannamei is an euryhaline species, we were interested in knowing if EHP can propagate in P. vannamei in low salinities. Results In this study, we described an experimental infection using fecal strings as a source inoculum. Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) P. vannamei were maintained at three different salinities (2 ppt, 15 ppt, and 30 ppt) while continuously challenged using feces from known EHP-infected P. vannamei over a period of 3 weeks. The fecal strings, used as a source of EHP inocula in the challenges, was sufficient to elicit an infection in shrimp maintained at the three salinities. The infectivity of EHP in shrimp reared at 2 ppt, 15 ppt, and 30 ppt salinities was confirmed by PCR and histopathology. The prevalence and the severity of the EHP infection was higher at 30 ppt than at 2 ppt and 15 ppt. Conclusion The data suggests that fecal strings are a reliable source of EHP inoculum to conduct experimental challenges via the fecal-oral route. An EHP infection can occur at a salinity as low as 2 ppt, however, the prevalence and the severity of the EHP infection is higher at a salinity of 30 ppt.

Betaine: a key modulator of one-carbon metabolism and homocysteine status

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Magne Ueland ◽  
Pål I. Holm ◽  
Steinar Hustad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Altered Metabolism ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Betaine Homocysteine Methyltransferase ◽  
Plasma Total Homocysteine ◽  
Homocysteine Methyltransferase

AbstractBetaine serves as a methyl donor in a reaction converting homocysteine to methionine, catalysed by the enzyme betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. It has been used for years to lower the concentration of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) in patients with homocystinuria, and has recently been shown to reduce fasting and in particular post-methionine load (PML) tHcy in healthy subjects.Betaine exists in plasma at concentrations of about 30μmol/L; it varies 10-fold (from 9 to 90μmol/L) between individuals, but the intra-individual variability is small. Major determinants are choline, dimethylglycine and folate in plasma, folic acid intake and gender.Recent studies have demonstrated that plasma betaine is a stronger determinant of PML tHcy than are vitamin BTo conclude, betaine status is a component of an individual's biochemical make-up with ramifications to one-carbon metabolism. Betaine status should be investigated in pathologies related to altered metabolism of homocysteine and folate, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and neural tube defects.

Abstract 58: Angiotensin-(1-7) Mas Receptors In The Arcuate Nucleus Of The Hypothalamus Protect Against High Fat Diet-induced Insulin Resistance In Female Mice

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Mehay ◽  
Sarah Bingaman ◽  
Yuval Silberman ◽  
Amy Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes

Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is a protective hormone of the renin-angiotensin system that improves insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and energy balance in obese rodents. Our recent findings suggest that Ang-(1-7) activates mas receptors (MasR) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), a brain region critical to control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis, to induce these positive metabolic effects. The distribution of MasR in the ARC and their role in metabolic regulation, however, is unknown. We hypothesized: (1) MasR are expressed in the ARC; and (2) deletion of ARC MasR leads to worsened metabolic outcomes following high fat diet (HFD). To test this, male and female C57Bl/6J mice were fed a 60% HFD or matched control diet ad libitum for 12 weeks. RNAscope in situ hybridization was performed on coronal ARC sections in rostral-middle-caudal regions to determine percentage of MasR positive neurons (n=5/group). In a second experiment, we assessed body composition and insulin and glucose tolerance in transgenic mice with deletion of MasR in ARC neurons (MasR-flox with AAV5-hsyn-GFP-Cre). RNAscope revealed a wide distribution on MasR-positive cells throughout the rostral to caudal extent of the ARC. The average percentage of MasR positive neurons was increased in females versus males, with HFD tending to increase MasR expression in both sexes (control diet male: 11±2; control diet female: 17±3; HFD male: 15±5; HFD female: 24±2; p sex : 0.030; p diet : 0.066; p int : 0.615; two-way ANOVA). Deletion of MasR in ARC neurons worsened insulin sensitivity in HFD but not control diet females (area under the curve for change in glucose from baseline: -1989±1359 HFD control virus vs. 2530±1762 HFD Cre virus; p=0.016), while fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, and body composition did not change. There was no effect of ARC MasR deletion on metabolic outcomes in control diet or HFD male mice. These findings suggest females have more MasR positive neurons in the ARC compared to males, which may be a sex-specific protective mechanism for glucose homeostasis. While further studies are needed to explore the role of ARC MasR in metabolic regulation, these findings support targeting Ang-(1-7) as an innovative strategy in obesity.

Betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) as a specific and sensitive blood marker for acute liver injury

Biomarkers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huailei Ma ◽  
Jing Ning ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Chunming Mao ◽  
Xiangli Bu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Blood Marker ◽  
Betaine Homocysteine Methyltransferase ◽  
Homocysteine Methyltransferase

scholarly journals Translational modeling of non-traumatic raised intracranial pressure in rodents; the impact of diet-induced obesity on cephalic hypersensitivity and retinal degeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connar Stanley James Westgate ◽  
Snorre Malm Hagen ◽  
Ida Marchen Egerod Israelsen ◽  
Steffen Ellitsgaard Hamann ◽  
Rigmor Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Icp Recording ◽  
Translational Modeling

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a feature of critical cerebral disorders. Obesity has been linked to raised ICP, and especially to disorders such as idiopathic intracranial pressure (IIH). We aimed to explore the impact of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on ICP, cephalic sensitivity and structural retinal changes with the dual goal of developing a disease model for non-traumatic raised ICP and IIH. Rats were fed high-fat diet or matched control diet. To assess pain sensitivity, Von Frey and light/dark box testing were performed. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning was used to measure body composition. Optic nerve head and retinal structures were evaluated using optical coherence tomography. Intraocular pressure was assessed. Rats were then implanted with telemetric device for continuous ICP recording. At the end, eye histology and molecular analysis on choroid plexus (CP) and trigeminal ganglion (TG) were performed. The DIO rats had double the abdominal fat mass. ICP was 55% higher in obese rats (p=0.003). Altered pain thresholds were found in DIO rats as denoted by a lower periorbital threshold (p=0.0002). Expression of Calca and Trpv1 was elevated in TG. Furthermore, a peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer swelling (p=0.0026) with subsequent neuroretinal degeneration p=0.02) was detected in DIO rats. There was a trend to increased expression of AQP1 and NKCC1 at CP. This study demonstrates for the first time that DIO leads to raised ICP, with clinically relevant sequalae. Our novel model for non-traumatic raised ICP could expand the knowledge regarding disorders with elevated ICP and IIH.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and analysis of the porcine betaine homocysteine methyltransferase and betaine homocysteine methyltransferase-2 genes

Gene ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 473 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika S. Ganu ◽  
Timothy A. Garrow ◽  
Monika Sodhi ◽  
Laurie A. Rund ◽  
Lawrence B. Schook
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Betaine Homocysteine Methyltransferase ◽  
Homocysteine Methyltransferase
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document