Effect of oral or intragastric delivery of the bitter tastant quinine on food intake and appetite sensations: a randomised crossover trial

AbstractStimulation of gastrointestinal taste receptors affects eating behaviour. Intraduodenal infusion of tastants leads to increased satiation and reduced food intake, whereas intraileal infusion of tastants does not affect eating behaviour. Currently, it is unknown whether oral- or intragastric administration of tastants induces a larger effect on eating behaviour. This study investigated the effects of oral- and/or intragastric administration of quinine on food intake, appetite sensations and heart rate variability (HRV). In a blinded randomised crossover trial, thirty-two healthy volunteers participated in four interventions with a 1-week washout: oral placebo and intragastric placebo (OPGP), oral quinine and intragastric placebo (OQGP), oral placebo and intragastric quinine (OPGQ) and oral quinine and intragastric quinine (OQGQ). On test days, 150 min after a standardised breakfast, subjects ingested a capsule containing quinine or placebo and were sham-fed a mixture of quinine or placebo orally. At 50 min after intervention, subjects received an ad libitum meal to measure food intake. Visual analogue scales for appetite sensations were collected, and HRV measurements were performed at regular intervals. Oral and/or intragastric delivery of the bitter tastant quinine did not affect food intake (OPGP: 3273·6 (sem 131·8) kJ, OQGP: 3072·7 (sem 132·2) kJ, OPGQ: 3289·0 (sem 132·6) kJ and OQGQ: 3204·1 (sem 133·1) kJ, P = 0·069). Desire to eat and hunger decreased after OQGP and OPGQ compared with OPGP (P < 0·001 and P < 0·05, respectively), whereas satiation, fullness and HRV did not differ between interventions. In conclusion, sole oral sham feeding with and sole intragastric delivery of quinine decreased desire to eat and hunger, without affecting food intake, satiation, fullness or HRV.

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Cholecystokinin receptors and vagal nerves in control of food intake in rats

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1990.258.1.e40 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 258 (1) ◽

pp. E40-E45 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. Garlicki ◽

P. K. Konturek ◽

J. Majka ◽

N. Kwiecien ◽

S. J. Konturek

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Peptide Yy ◽

Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽

Intragastric Administration ◽

Gut Peptides ◽

Sham Feeding ◽

Liquid Meal ◽

Vagal Nerves ◽

Normal Feeding ◽

Cck Receptor Antagonist

This study was designed to determine the specificity and physiological nature of short-term satiety effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) in rats with intact and transected vagal nerves. Rats with-the gastric fistulas, closed or open, were used for normal feeding or sham feeding of liquid meal offered for 30 min. CCK-8 (0.5-10 nmol/kg) injected intraperitoneally (ip) 15 min before feeding inhibited food intake dose dependently in both normal-fed and sham-fed rats at a minimal inhibitory dose of 1 nmol/kg. CCK-8 at the same doses caused a potent stimulation of pancreatic protein secretion, reaching maximum at a dose of approximately 0.5 nmol/kg. Pretreatment with a potent CCK receptor antagonist, L-364,718 (2.5 mg/kg ip), increased food intake during normal feeding (but not sham feeding) and almost completely blocked the satiety and pancreatic stimulatory effects of CCK. When feeding was preceded by intragastric administration of proteinase inhibitor (Foy-305, 200 mg/kg), food preload, or diversion of bile-pancreatic secretion to the exterior, there was a significant increase in the plasma level of CCK and an inhibition of food intake by about 36, 78, and 25%, respectively. Pretreatment with L-364,718 completely abolished this inhibition by Foy-305 and bile-pancreatic diversion and reduced that caused by food preload. Among other gut peptides given ip (10 nmol/kg) only bombesin reduced food intake, whereas gastrin, secretin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and peptide YY (PYY) were ineffective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Eating with a smaller spoon decreases bite size, eating rate and ad libitum food intake in healthy young males

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114518002246 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 120 (7) ◽

pp. 830-837 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lewis J. James ◽

Tyler Maher ◽

Jack Biddle ◽

David R. Broom

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Young Men ◽

Eating Rate ◽

Bite Size ◽

Young Males ◽

Before And After ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Semi Solid ◽

Desire To Eat

AbstractThere is a paucity of data examining the effect of cutlery size on the microstructure of within-meal eating behaviour or food intake. Therefore, the present studies examined how manipulation of spoon size influenced these eating behaviour measures in lean young men. In study one, subjects ate a semi-solid porridge breakfast ad libitum, until satiation. In study two, subjects ate a standardised amount of porridge, with mean bite size and mean eating rate covertly measured by observation through a one-way mirror. Both studies involved subjects completing a familiarisation visit and two experimental visits, where they ate with a teaspoon (SMALL) or dessert spoon (LARGE), in randomised order. Subjective appetite measures (hunger, fullness, desire to eat and satisfaction) were made before and after meals. In study one, subjects ate 8 % less food when they ate with the SMALL spoon (SMALL 532 (SD 189) g; LARGE 575 (SD 227) g; P=0·006). In study two, mean bite size (SMALL 10·5 (SD 1·3) g; LARGE 13·7 (SD 2·6) g; P<0·001) and eating rate (SMALL 92 (SD 25) g/min; LARGE 108 (SD 29) g/min; P<0·001) were reduced in the SMALL condition. There were no condition or interaction effects for subjective appetite measures. These results suggest that eating with a small spoon decreases ad libitum food intake, possibly via a cascade of effects on within-meal eating microstructure. A small spoon might be a practical strategy for decreasing bite size and eating rate, likely increasing oral processing, and subsequently decreasing food intake, at least in lean young men.

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Effect of postgastric energy loads on intake of sham meals of different palatability in rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.1.r150 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 267 (1) ◽

pp. R150-R155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Rigaud ◽

D. Betoulle ◽

A. Chauvel ◽

L. A. Alberto ◽

M. Apfelbaum

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Energy Input ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Liquid Diet ◽

The Body ◽

Nutrient Load ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Sham Feeding ◽

Intraduodenal Infusion ◽

Sucrose Solutions

Food intake depends on the palatability of the diet and on the energy delivered to the body. It is not known, however, whether the palatability of a diet is able to modulate the inhibitory effect of energy input on food intake. To address this question, we have measured intake during sham feeding for diets of different palatabilities in rats receiving varying levels of duodenal energy load. Rats were offered sucrose solutions (6, 10, or 30%) or mixed liquid diets without or with physiological duodenal energy loads using a mixed liquid diet. Compared with that seen during real feeding, meal size during sham feeding was increased for palatable diets but not for less palatable diets. Intraduodenal infusion of the mixed liquid diet inhibited the intake of all diets given by sham feeding. This inhibition was dependent on the level of duodenal energy load and was significantly greater for more palatable diets than for less palatable ones. We conclude that the inhibitory effects of intestinal nutrient load on intake are significant for all diets but have a more pronounced effect on the intake of highly palatable diets.

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Reduction of food intake by intestinal macronutrient infusion is not reversed by NMDA receptor blockade

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.2.r345 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 278 (2) ◽

pp. R345-R351 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. Covasa ◽

R. C. Ritter ◽

G. A. Burns

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid ◽

Nmda Receptor ◽

Food Intake ◽

Intraperitoneal Injection ◽

Receptor Blockade ◽

Sucrose Intake ◽

Sham Feeding ◽

Mk 801 ◽

Intraduodenal Infusion ◽

Nmda Receptor Blockade

Rats increase their intake of food, but not water, after intraperitoneal injection of MK-801, a noncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate-activated ion channels. We hypothesized that MK-801 might enhance intake by interfering with intestinal chemosensory signals. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of the antagonist on 15% sucrose intake after an intraduodenal infusion of maltotriose, oleic acid, or phenylalanine in both real- and sham-feeding paradigms. MK-801 (100 μg/kg) significantly increased sucrose intake regardless of the composition of the infusate during real feeding. Furthermore, MK-801 had no effect on reduction of sucrose intake by intestinal nutrient infusions in sham-feeding rats. These results indicate that MK-801 does not increase meal size and duration by interfering with signals activated by intestinal macronutrients.

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Intraintestinal Delivery of Tastants Using a Naso-Duodenal-Ileal Catheter Does Not Influence Food Intake or Satiety

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11020472 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 472 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tim Klaassen ◽

Annick Alleleyn ◽

Mark van Avesaat ◽

Freddy Troost ◽

Daniel Keszthelyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Crossover Trial ◽

Taste Receptor ◽

Receptor Activation ◽

Taste Receptors ◽

Randomized Crossover Trial ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Intestinal Infusion ◽

Single Blind ◽

Entire Gastrointestinal Tract

Intraduodenal activity of taste receptors reduces food intake. Taste receptors are expressed throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. Currently, there are no data available on the effects of distal taste receptor activation. In this study, we investigate the effect of intraduodenal and/or intraileal activation of taste receptors on food intake and satiety. In a single-blind randomized crossover trial, fourteen participants were intubated with a naso-duodenal-ileal catheter and received four infusion regimens: duodenal placebo and ileal placebo (DPIP), duodenal tastants and ileal placebo (DTIP), duodenal placebo and ileal tastants (DPIT), duodenal tastants and ileal tastants (DTIT). Fifteen minutes after cessation of infusion, subjects received an ad libitum meal to measure food intake. Visual analog scale scores for satiety feelings were collected at regular intervals. No differences in food intake were observed between the various interventions (DPIP: 786.6 ± 79.2 Kcal, DTIP: 803.3 ± 69.0 Kcal, DPIT: 814.7 ± 77.3 Kcal, DTIT: 834.8 ± 59.2 Kcal, p = 0.59). No differences in satiety feelings were observed. Intestinal infusion of tastants using a naso-duodenal-ileal catheter did not influence food intake or satiety feelings. Possibly, the burden of the four-day naso-duodenal-ileal intubation masked a small effect that tastants might have on food intake and satiety.

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The effect of the gel-forming liquid fibre on feeding behaviour in man

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19950146 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 427-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J. Tomlin

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Feeding Behaviour ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Gastric Distension ◽

Reduce Food Intake ◽

Short Term ◽

Visual Analogue Scales ◽

Food Diaries ◽

Analogue Scales ◽

Food Consumed

A novel substance called liquid fibre (LF) has been developed which gels in the stomach and dramatically delays gastric emptying. The prolonged stomach distension LF causes would be expected to reduce food intake. The present study tested whether LF affected psychological factors connected with eating behaviour and short-term food intake. Paired studies were carried out on seventeen healthy but overweight volunteers (ten male, seven female) with body mass indices of 24–34 kg/m2 who were non-restricted eaters. On one occasion (randomized) they took drinks of LF (300 ml each) at 09·05, 11·55 and 18·00 hours, and on the other they took placebo drinks. Subjective feelings were assessed by visual analogue scales. The amount of food consumed at an appetizing pre-selected meal presented at 12·15 hours was measured covertly. Food diaries were kept until 16·00 hours on the following day. The visual analogue scales indicated that LF reduced hunger and the amount of food desired, and increased fullness, all of which would be expected to cause a reduction in food intake. However, there were no differences in the amount or type of food eaten at the appetizing test-meal (6073 v. 5824 kJ, P = 0·41). Food eaten later in the day was significantly delayed by LF (7·0 v. 5·9 h, P = 0·030), and the amount tended to be reduced (4328 v. 5439 kJ, P = 0·088). The energy consumed on the following day also tended to be lower after LF (3802 v. 4737 kJ, P = 0·130). This suggests that gastric distension is a relatively unimportant influence on eating behaviour when non-restricted eaters are presented with an appetizing meal and that intestinal factors seem more important for prolonging satiety and reducing subsequent food intake.

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