The Effectiveness of Local Party Campaigns in 2005: Combining Evidence from Campaign Spending and Agent Survey Data

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Fieldhouse ◽  
David Cutts
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Campaign Spending ◽  
Latent Variable Modelling ◽  
Combining Evidence ◽  
Local Campaigns ◽  
First Time ◽  
Official Records

Recently there has been a renewed interest in the role of local campaigns and their effectiveness on increasing turnout and support for political parties. However, there is a long-standing debate over the best way to measure campaign effort. This article advances the current literature by using a latent variable modelling approach to utilize, for the first time, evidence frorvey of agents, official records of campaign spending and individual voter survey data to produce a combined measure of campaign effort. This measure (latent variable) is then used in a structural equation model of party performance to assess the effect of the campaign effort of the three main parties at the 2005 British general election. In terms of both the delivery and effectiveness of campaigns the parties are found to behave in a way consistent with a rational model of party behaviour, though constrained by contextual factors.

scholarly journals Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror Scale: Development and Validation for Portuguese Accounting Professionals

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Rui Silva ◽  
Margarida Simões ◽  
Ana Paula Monteiro ◽  
António Dias
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Scale Development And Validation ◽  
Statistical Reliability ◽  
Accounting Professionals ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

This research aims to adapt the Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror and its use on Portuguese Accounting Professionals. Leymann scale was applied in a final sample of 478 accountants aged between 28 and 68, of which 47.5% were men and 52.5% women. We used a quantitative methodology by applying a questionnaire survey whose results were, in the following research phase, analyzed using the statistical packages SPSS 26 and AMOS 27. We used SPSS 26 for the Descriptive Statistical Analysis and AMOS 27 to estimate the structural equation model that validated the scale. After the scale had been adapted and changed, it was validated in psychometric terms to be applied to and used in studies involving this type of professionals. The Accountants Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror that resulted from adapting the original model was tested using structural equation modelling. Thus, the new scale produced significant results similar to those of the original scale, which means that it is valid and can be applied to other contexts. The validity and statistical reliability of the new scale made it possible to measure mobbing problems among accounting professionals reliably and robustly. The present research is an important contribution to the literature. Although it has been applied in several contexts, it is the first time it is being developed, adapted, and validated for accounting professionals who work in this area of management.

Valuing the Media: Access and Autonomy as Functions of Legitimacy for Journalists

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Welch Suggs
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Media

Sports reporters depend on access to events and sources as much or more than any other news professional. Over the past few years, some sports organizations have attempted to restrict such access, as well as what reporters can publish via social media. In the digital era, access and publishing autonomy, as institutionalized concepts, are evolving rapidly. Hypotheses tying access and work practices to reporters’ perceptions of the legitimacy they experience are developed and tested via a structural equation model, using responses to a survey of journalists in American intercollegiate athletics and observed dimensions of access and autonomy to measure a latent variable of legitimacy. The model suggests that reporters have mixed views about whether they possess the legitimacy they need to do their jobs.

scholarly journals Creativity and Control: A Paradox—Evidence from the Levers of Control Framework

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland F. Speklé ◽  
Hilco J. van Elten ◽  
Sally K. Widener
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Organizational Success ◽  
Business Unit ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
Per Se ◽  
And Control ◽  
Levers Of Control

ABSTRACT Both control and creativity are important drivers of organizational success (Gilson, Mathieu, Shalley, and Ruddy 2005; Hirst, van Knippenberg, Chen, and Sacramento 2011). However, they are often regarded as conflicting. We use the Levers of Control (LoC) framework to examine the relationships between a system of controls, empowerment, and creativity. Using survey data from 233 business unit managers, a structural equation model shows that the intensity of use of a LoC system of controls is positively associated with both empowerment and creativity. This suggests that the LoC system provides an environment that is rich with information and motivates employees to take action in purposeful, directed ways. This environment facilitates employees' perception that they have the ability to take actions, make decisions, and produce novel ideas. We conclude that there is not a conflict between control and creativity per se. Rather, paradoxically, creativity can flourish in the presence of control.

Modelling Museum Visitors’ Perception and Experience of Authenticity: Examining Heterogeneity with a Finite Mixture Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Claudia Bauer-Krösbacher ◽  
Josef Mazanec
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Finite Mixture ◽  
Museum Visitors ◽  
Specific Strength

Purpose. In this study, the authors explore the role of museum visitors’ perceptions and experiences of authenticity. They introduce several variants of authenticity experience and analyse how they are intertwined and feed visitor satisfaction. Method. The authors apply a multi-step model fitting and validation procedure including inferred causation methods and finite mixture modelling to verify whether the visitors’ perceptions of authenticity are subject to unobserved heterogeneity. They elaborate an Authenticity Model that demonstrates out-of-sample validity and generalisability by being exposed to new data for another cultural attraction in another city. Then, they address the heterogeneity hypothesis and evaluate it for the case study with the larger sample. Findings. In both application cases, the Sisi museum in Vienna and the Guinness Storehouse in Dublin, the empirical results support the assumed cause-effect sequence, translating high quality information display—from traditional and multimedia sources—into Perceived Authenticity and its experiential consequences such as Depth and Satisfaction. Accounting for unobserved heterogeneity detects three latent classes with segment-specific strength of relationships within the structural model. Research and conclusions limitations. The combined latent-class, structural-equation model needs validation with another sample that would have to be larger than the available Guinness database. Future studies will have to complement the purely data-driven search for heterogeneity with theory-guided reasoning about potential causes of diversity in the strength of the structural relationships. Practical implications. Cultural heritage sites are among the attractions most typical of city tourism. History tends to materialise in the artefacts accumulated by the population among the urban agglomerations, and museums are the natural places for preserving exhibits of cultural value. Authenticity must be considered an important quality assessment criterion for many visitors, whereby, the distinction between object authenticity and existential authenticity is crucial. Originality. In addition to making substantive contributions to authenticity theory, the authors also extend previous research in terms of methodological effort. Authenticity research, so far, has neither exploited inferred causation methods nor combined latent variable modelling with detecting unobserved heterogeneity. Type of paper: Research article.

scholarly journals Predicting Language Outcomes for Children Learning Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Child and Environmental Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1595-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C. Brady ◽  
Kathy Thiemann-Bourque ◽  
Kandace Fleming ◽  
Kris Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Communication Complexity ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
At Home

Purpose To investigate a model of language development for nonverbal preschool-age children learning to communicate with augmentative or alternative communication. Method Ninety-three preschool children with intellectual disabilities were assessed at Time 1, and 82 of these children were assessed 1 year later, at Time 2. The outcome variable was the number of different words the children produced (with speech, sign, or speech-generating devices). Children's intrinsic predictor for language was modeled as a latent variable consisting of cognitive development, comprehension, play, and nonverbal communication complexity. Adult input at school and home, and amount of augmentative or alternative communication instruction, were proposed mediators of vocabulary acquisition. Results A confirmatory factor analysis revealed that measures converged as a coherent construct, and a structural equation model indicated that the intrinsic child predictor construct predicted different words children produced. The amount of input received at home, but not at school, was a significant mediator. Conclusions The hypothesized model accurately reflects a latent construct of Intrinsic Symbolic Factor (ISF). Children who evidenced higher initial levels of ISF and more adult input at home produced more words 1 year later. The findings support the need to assess multiple child variables and suggest interventions directed to the indicators of ISF and input.

Managerial Antecedents and Individual Consequences of Group Cohesiveness in Travel Service Selling

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Bartkus ◽  
Roy D. Howell ◽  
C. R. Michael Parent ◽  
Cathy L. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Role Stress ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Group Cohesiveness ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
The Relationship

A latent variable structural equation model describing the relationship between managerial actions, group cohesiveness, and selected job-related outcomes was developed and tested using a sample of travel agents. The results of the analysis indicated that cohesiveness influences a variety of salient outcomes, including organizational commitment, job satisfaction, motivation, and role stress. Consistent with some prior research, the relationship between cohesiveness and selling performance was not significant. The results also showed that management actions in the form of task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership directly influence cohesiveness. Managerial implications are discussed.

Consumer’s love for functional brands: the Aspirin case

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Pinto Borges ◽  
Cláudia Cardoso ◽  
Paula Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Brand Love ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Brand Engagement ◽  
Positive Word Of Mouth ◽  
First Time

Purpose This study aims to check which scale of love brand developed by Carroll and Ahuvia (2006) or Mohammadian and Karimpour (2014) have better adhesion to the perception of Aspirin love brand, that is, a functional brand. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual models and associated hypotheses are tested with a sample of 321 consumers. Data were analyzed through a structural equation model. Findings The results demonstrate strong relationships between the three antecedents (brand engagement, confidence and overall attitude) and brand love and between brand love and its consequences (brand loyalty, positive word of mouth and brand purchase intention) in both scales. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of the study relates to the sample, which is only of Portuguese consumers and does not match the main socio-demographic characteristics of the population. Therefore, the study should be seen as exploratory on the brand love in the case of functional brands. Practical implications The knowledge that a consumer can establish an emotional relationship with a functional brand, in a highly competitive sector as the pharmaceutical sector, in particular in drugs that are sold without a prescription, can help managers in defining their communication strategy appealing to the emotions and long-term involvement with the consumed. Originality/value Few studies about the background of the brand love and those that exist are linked to hedonic product categories and self-expressive brands. It is the first time that the brand love for a medicine is evaluated.

scholarly journals Estimating Three-way Latent Interaction Effects in Structural Equation Modeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Birhanu Worku Urge ◽  
Kepher Makambi ◽  
Anthony Wanjoya
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Error Control ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Nonlinear Structural Equation

A Monte Carlo simulation was performed for estimating and testing hypotheses of three-way interaction effect in latent variable regression models. A considerable amount of research has been done on estimation of simple interaction and quadratic effect in nonlinear structural equation. The present study extended to three-way continuous latent interaction in structural equation model. The latent moderated structural equation (LMS) approach was used to estimate the parameters of the three-way interaction in structural equation model and investigate the properties of the method under different conditions though simulations. The approach showed least bias, standard error,and root mean square error as indicator reliability and sample size increased. The power to detect interaction effect and type I error control were also manipulated showing that power increased as interaction effect size, sample size and latent covariance increased.

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