Observations on the function of the choriothete and on egg hatching in Glossina spp. (Dipt., Glossinidae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Glossina Austeni ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Muscular Tension ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Whole Mounts

The choriothete in Glossina austeni Newst. and G. morsitans Westw. was studied from serial sections of females, from dissected material and whole mounts of eggs and larvae. The choriothete cells are secretory and, while an embryo or first-instar larva is attached to it, are not stretched. The external muscles dilate the uterus or support the uterus and embryo. There is no sign of major folding or muscular tension during dechorionation of the egg. It is concluded, in contrast to recent work, that the choriothete is an organ for the support of developing embryos. Hatching of the first-instar larvae is probably achieved by means of a labral egg tooth.

EFFECTS OF STARVATION IN THE FIRST INSTAR LARVA ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL IN THE RED TURNIP BEETLE, ENTOMOSCELIS AMERICANA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Delayed Growth ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractEggs of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, and seeds of Candle cultivar of Brassica campestris L. and Regent cultivar of B. napus L. (Cruciferae) were exposed to seven constant temperatures (10°–25 °C). At each temperature, egg hatching occurred about 1.0–1.5 days sooner than germination in B. campestris and 1.5–2.25 days sooner than germination in B. napus. Also, germination took place about ½ day sooner in B. campestris than in B. napus. These data indicated that the eggs of E. americana and the seeds of B. campestris and B. napus respond similarly to changes in temperature. Newly-hatched larvae of E. americana were starved for 0–8 days at 15°, 20°, and 25 °C. Starvation-related mortality was not high until they had been starved for more than 2–4 days at 15 °C and 1–2 days at 20° and 25 °C, indicating that the first instar larva has a relatively-limited capability to withstand starvation. Among the survivors, the developmental times for most of the starved larvae were significantly longer than those for the unstarved larvae, but the weights of the adults from starved and unstarved larvae were similar, suggesting that starvation delayed growth and development, but had no apparent adverse or lasting effects on these processes. An evaluation of the egg hatching, germination, and starvation data and of the atmospheric air temperature and soil surface temperature data for the areas where B. campestris and B. napus are grown in Canada suggested that the first instar larva of E. americana normally should not suffer high mortality due to starvation in growers' fields where volunteer seedlings of these two species are the major larval food.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

scholarly journals First instar larvae of endemic Australian Miltogramminae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Szpila ◽  
Kinga Walczak ◽  
Nikolas P. Johnston ◽  
Thomas Pape ◽  
James F. Wallman
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Maxillary Palpus ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe first instar larva of a species of the Australian endemic genus Aenigmetopia Malloch is described for the first time, along with the first instar larvae of three other Australian species representing the genera Amobia Robineau-Desvoidy and Protomiltogramma Townsend. Larval morphology was analysed using a combination of light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The following morphological structures are documented: pseudocephalon, antennal complex, maxillary palpus, facial mask, modifications of thoracic and abdominal segments, anal region, spiracular field, posterior spiracles and details of the cephaloskeleton. Substantial morphological differences are observed between the three genera, most notably in the labrum and mouthhooks of the cephaloskeleton, sensory organs of the pseudocephalon, spinulation, sculpture of the integument and form of the spiracular field. The first instar larval morphology of Aenigmetopia amissa Johnston, Wallman, Szpila & Pape corroborates the close phylogenetic affinity of Aenigmetopia Malloch with Metopia Meigen, inferred from recent molecular analysis. The larval morphology of Amobia auriceps (Baranov), Protomiltogramma cincta Townsend and Protomiltogramma plebeia Malloch is mostly congruent with the morphology of Palaearctic representatives of both genera.

The Hydraenidae of Cuba (Insecta: Coleoptera) II: Morphology of preimaginal stages of six species and notes on their biology

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4238 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERT DELER-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
JUAN A. DELGADO
Keyword(s):  
Instar Larva ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Preimaginal Stages ◽  
First Time ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Preimaginal stages of the six species of Hydraenidae presently known from Cuba were obtained by rearing adults in the laboratory. Eggs of Hydraena perkinsi Spangler, 1980, H. decui Spangler, 1980 and H. franklyni Deler-Hernández & Delgado, 2012 are described and illustrated for the first time. The first instar larva of Gymnochthebius fossatus (LeConte, 1855) is redescribed, adding some new remarkable morphological characters including what could be the first abdominal egg-burster reported for this family. All larval instars of H. perkinsi, H. guadelupensis Orchymont, 1923 and Ochthebius attritus LeConte, 1878 are described and illustrated for the first time, with a special emphasis on their chaetotaxy. The second instar larva of G. fossatus along with first and third instar larvae of H. decui and H. franklyni are also studied for the first time. The pupal morphology and vestiture of a species belonging to the genus Hydraena are described for the first time, based on the pupa of H. perkinsi. Biological notes for several preimaginal stages of the studied species are also given. 

On the Anatomy of the Trematode Petasiger exaeretus Dietz 1909, from the Intestine of Phalacrocorax Carbo

Parasitology ◽  
1934 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Davies
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Phalacrocorax Carbo ◽  
The Family ◽  
Whole Mounts

The genus Petasiger which belongs to the family Echinostomidae was proposed by Dietz in 1909, with Petasiger exaeretus as the type species. The description given by Dietz of this species is incomplete and it is proposed therefore to present below a more detailed account of the anatomy, based on an examination of whole mounts and serial sections. The material was obtained from the small intestine of cormorants shot on the coast of Cardigan Bay between Aberystwyth and Llanrhystyd. Five cormorants were shot in July, and of these two contained a large number of Petasiger exaeretus in the small intestine.

Anthelmintic effect of four extracts obtained from Caesalpinia coriaria foliage against the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Rojas-Morales ◽  
Jaime Cubides-Cárdenas ◽  
Andrea Constanza Montenegro ◽  
Carlos Alberto Martínez ◽  
Ronnal Ortíz-Cuadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
South American ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

Abstract To investigate the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of dividivi (Caesalpinia coriaria), a traditional medicinal plant used in Central America and the northern part of South America, extracts from the foliage of this plant were subjected to the egg hatching test (EHT) and larval exsheathment inhibition test (LEIT), against Haemonchus contortus. Four different extracts were evaluated: acetone-water (AW), methanol-water (MW), acetone-water-dichloromethane (AWD) and methanol-water-dichloromethane (MWD). The concentrations used for the EHT and LEIT tests ranged from 500 to 4000 µg mL-1 and six repetitions per concentration. The effective concentrations (EC50) were calculated using Probit analysis. The EC50 for EHT were 2947.0, 3347.0, 3959.6 and 4538.7 µg mL-1 for MWD, MW, AW and AWD, respectively. The EC50 for LEIT were 2883.4, 5927.4, 9876.3 and 9955.4 µg mL-1 for AWD, AW, MWD and MW, respectively. The methanol extracts were the most effective in inhibiting the hatching of eggs, while the acetone extracts showed efficacy in inhibiting larval exsheathment. This study explains the importance that C. coriaria has as a medicinal plant in Central and South American countries.

Morphology of the first instar larva of Bradysia tritici (Diptera : Sciaridae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bischof ◽  
A.L.P. Perondini ◽  
H.O. Gutzeit
Keyword(s):  
Instar Larva ◽  
First Instar

CHAETOPHLEPSIS NASELLENSIS, A DIPTEROUS PARASITOID OF THE WESTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1128
Author(s):  
Richard D. Medley ◽  
V. M. Carolin
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Western Hemlock Looper ◽  
Lambdina Fiscellaria Lugubrosa ◽  
Hemlock Looper

AbstractPreserved material from 1962 field studies provided information on the habits and morphology of the tachinid parasitoid Chaetophlepsis nasellensis Reinhard. Parasitization of the larvae of the western hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst), continues over a 30- to 40-day period. Maggots issue from the host larvae and drop to the ground to pupate. The pupae normally overwinter, with adults emerging the following spring or summer. The early first-instar larva differs markedly from the late first-instar. The three instars can be distinguished on the basis of body length and the structure and form of the buccopharyngeal apparatus. The first and third larval instars and the puparium are distinctive enough to permit easy identification during studies of the western hemlock looper and associated loopers.

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