A Study of the Life-history and Control ofCerambyx dux, Fald., a Pest of certain Stone-fruit Trees in Palestine

1932 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Jolles
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Healthy Tree ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
The Hill

A long-horned beetle,Cerambyx dux, Fald., is a very serious pest of apricots, peaches, and grafted and wild almonds in Palestine. Its ravages are most probably not confined to these trees and further investigations will undoubtedly enlarge the already important list of food-plants. In localities around Jerusalemsuch as Beit-Jala, Artas, Bethlehem, El Maliha, and Ein Karim (approximate altitude 2,600 feet above sea-level), this pest has been allowed to establish itself over a long period of time and to such an extent that, if immediate and rigid control measures are not undertaken by the growers, apricot and peach trees will, sooner or later, disappear from these localities. These fruit trees can be cultivated without irrigation, which is of great advantage in Palestine, where water is scarce; the fruit fetches good prices both in the local markets and also in Egypt. Their cultivation is therefore of vital importance,especially to the population of the hill country, where conditions of life are difficult and every kind of loss is accentuated. In Jersualem, where almonds, apricots and peaches are planted in household-gardens, not a single healthy tree can be found, and many of them have already succumbed to the attacks of this beetle. In the coastal plain the writer has found this insect in almond trees at Haifa and in apricot and almond trees in villages north of Acre. No records are available of its presence in the coastal plain south of Haifa or in the Jordan Valley.

scholarly journals Peach latent mosaic viroid Detected for the First Time on Almond Trees in Tunisia

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1244-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Fekih Hassen ◽  
S. Roussel ◽  
J. Kummert ◽  
H. Fakhfakh ◽  
M. Marrakchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
New Host ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Peach Trees

Almond (Prunus dulcis Mill) is an important crop in countries of the Mediterranean area. Until now, among viroids, only Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) is known to infect cultivated almond trees (2). In 2004, a survey of almond trees was carried out in orchards in different regions of Tunisia, a major producing and exporting country of almond. Symptoms such as mosaic and necrotic lesions, potentially caused by the Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd), were observed on leaves of cultivated almond trees. Since PLMVd was recently detected in peach and pear trees in Tunisia (4), the presence of this viroid in almond trees was studied. The detection method on the basis of one-tube reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays was previously described and validated for the detection of this viroid in fruit trees (4). Amplification products were obtained by using previously reported primer pairs of PLMVd (1). Positive controls included RNA preparations of twigs of PLMVd-infected GF 305 peach seedlings. These materials, provided by B. Pradier (Station de Quarantaine des Ligneux, Lempdes, France), were positive as revealed by chip budding on peach seedling indicator plants grown under greenhouse conditions. RT-PCR analysis of nucleic acid preparations from leaves of almond showed specific amplification products with the expected size of 337 bp for two almond trees among 17 trees tested. Nucleotide sequence analyses of cloned amplification products obtained with the PLMVd primers confirmed a size of 337 bp and revealed a sequence similar to sequences from other PLMVd isolates previously characterized. The sequences shared 94 to 98% identity with the reference isolates of PLMVd from peach (EMBL Accession No. M83545, AF170511, AF170514, and AY685181). The two infected almond trees are proximal to each other and peach trees infected with PLMVd. This suggests that one tree may have served as a source of inoculum for the other through agronomic practices such as pruning or the aphid Myzus percicae (3). Alternatively, PLMVd may have originated in an unknown host and was then transmitted to almond trees. Our investigation shows that almond is a new host for PLMVd. References: (1) N. Astruc. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 102:837, 1996. (2) M. C. Cañizares et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 105:553, 1999. (3) J. C. Desvignes et al. Phytoma 444:70, 1992. (4) I. Fekih Hassen et al. Plant Dis. 88:1164, 2004.

Pathways ahead for New Zealand hill country farming

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
The Hill

This paper provides a stocktake of the status of hill country farming in New Zealand and addresses the challenges which will determine its future state and performance. It arises out of the Hill Country Symposium, held in Rotorua, New Zealand, 12-13 April 2016. This paper surveys people, policy, business and change, farming systems for hill country, soil nutrients and the environment, plants for hill country, animals, animal feeding and productivity, and strategies for achieving sustainable outcomes in the hill country. This paper concludes by identifying approaches to: support current and future hill country farmers and service providers, to effectively and efficiently deal with change; link hill farming businesses to effective value chains and new markets to achieve sufficient and stable profitability; reward farmers for the careful management of natural resources on their farm; ensure that new technologies which improve the efficient use of input resources are developed; and strategies to achieve vibrant rural communities which strengthen hill country farming businesses and their service providers. Keywords: farming systems, hill country, people, policy, productivity, profitability, sustainability

Differentiated dynamics of bud dormancy and growth in temperate fruit trees relating to bud phenology adaptation, the case of apple and almond trees

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1695-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnane El Yaacoubi ◽  
Gustavo Malagi ◽  
Ahmed Oukabli ◽  
Idemir Citadin ◽  
Majida Hafidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Bud Phenology

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Five Antimicrobial Peptides against the Plant Pathogen Erwinia amylovora

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Rafael J. Mendes ◽  
Laura Regalado ◽  
João P. Luz ◽  
Natália Tassi ◽  
Cátia Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Membrane Permeabilization ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Pome Fruit

Fire blight is a major pome fruit trees disease that is caused by the quarantine phytopathogenic Erwinia amylovora, leading to major losses, namely, in pear and apple productions. Nevertheless, no effective sustainable control treatments and measures have yet been disclosed. In that regard, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as an alternative biomolecule against pathogens but some of those AMPs have yet to be tested against E. amylovora. In this study, the potential of five AMPs (RW-BP100, CA-M, 3.1, D4E1, and Dhvar-5) together with BP100, were assessed to control E. amylovora. Antibiograms, minimal inhibitory, and bactericidal concentrations (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), growth and IC50 were determined and membrane permeabilization capacity was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis and colony-forming units (CFUs) plate counting. For the tested AMPs, the higher inhibitory and bactericidal capacity was observed for RW-BP100 and CA-M (5 and 5–8 µM, respectively for both MIC and MBC), whilst for IC50 RW-BP100 presented higher efficiency (2.8 to 3.5 µM). Growth curves for the first concentrations bellow MIC showed that these AMPs delayed E. amylovora growth. Flow cytometry disclosed faster membrane permeabilization for CA-M. These results highlight the potential of RW-BP100 and CA-M AMPs as sustainable control measures against E. amylovora.

Uptake and assimilation of nutrient resources.

2022 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
T. M. DeJong
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Nutrient Resources ◽  
Tabulated Data

Abstract Fruit trees require six macronutrients (N, P, K, calcium, Mg and sulfur) and eight micronutrients (Zn, Fe, B, Mn, Cu, chlorine, nickel and molybdenum) that are taken up through the roots. Many of these occur naturally in the soil as cations bound to negatively charged soil particles, while others are dissolved in the liquid surrounding the soil particles in the form of anions. This chapter discusses the uptake and assimilation of nutrient resources in fruit trees. Tabulated data are given on mean annual N, P and K storage (kg/ha) in perennial organs of mature almond trees that received N fertilizer at 309 kg/ha.

scholarly journals Dwarfing-canopy and rootstock cultivars for fruit trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Donadio ◽  
Ildo Eliezer Lederman ◽  
Sergio Ruffo Roberto ◽  
Eduardo Sanches Stucchi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Dwarf Rootstocks ◽  
Dwarfing Rootstocks

Abstract As fruit trees generally have a large size, the production of small or even dwarf trees is of great interest for most of fruit crops. In this review, some of the main tropical, subtropical and temperate fruit trees that have small or even dwarfing cultivars are approached. The causes of dwarfism, although the use of dwarfing rootstocks, is the main theme of this review. The factors that affect the size of the fruit trees are also approached, as well the dwarf cultivars of banana, papaya and cashew, and the dwarf rootstocks for guava, mango, anonaceae, loquat, citrus, apple and peach trees.

The Problem of Black Scale (Chrysomphalus Ficus, Ashm.) in Palestine

1936 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schweig ◽  
A. Grunberg
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Aonidiella Aurantii ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Black Scale ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mutual Tolerance

The work which is described in this paper was undertaken owing to the conflicting results of standard fumigation practice in Palestine as it existed up to 1932, so that it became evident that the response of the Black Scale to Palestine conditions called for investigation.Owing to the difference in climate between the Northern Coastal Plain and the Jordan Valley a series of parallel investigations had to be initiated, with the interesting results which Dr. Schweig and Mr. Grunberg have set forth.There seems little doubt that the growers in the Jordan Valley will have to change from summer to winter fumigation and that in Acre Sub-District even if the double fumigation now under trial is not practicable (and there is no reason wh y it should not be) fumigation will have to be completed by the end of July—otherwise the fruit of the last fumigated groves will be infested before the gangs can reach them. With regard to biological control, this would be pf more value for keeping down the Black Scale population on alternative hosts, such as Eucalyptus groves and roadside trees. Negotiations for the importation of Comperiella bifasciata are in progress, and if this proves possible it will be given a trial in the Jordan Valley and the Coastal Plain.It is unfortunate that the pressure of other demands on the time of a small staff precluded the investigation of the behaviour of the Black Scale in Jaffa Sub-District, but general observations show that it tends to react more in the manner of the Jordan Valley race than of that of the Northern Coastal Plain.All the orange-groves between Jaffa and Haifa are heavily infested with Aonidiella aurantii, and it will be interesting to see, in view of the observations on mutual tolerance contained in this paper, whether Black Scale spreading from Jaffa will drive out the Red Scale or fail to make headway agaipst it.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Botryosphaeria spp. Causing Gummosis of Peach Trees in Hubei Province, Central China

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1378-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wang ◽  
Lina Zhao ◽  
Guohuai Li ◽  
Junbin Huang ◽  
Tom Hsiang
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Central China ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Fusicoccum Aesculi ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Genomic Regions

Peach (Prunus persica) is one of the most important and widely grown fruit trees in China; however, perennial gummosis on trunks and branches is a major problem in peach orchards of Hubei Province, one of the most important peach production areas of China. In order to identify the gummosis-causing agents, diseased trunks and branches were collected from 11 peach orchards in Hubei Province. Fungal isolates were obtained from these samples, yielding three species: Botryosphaeria dothidea (anamorph Fusicoccum aesculi), B. rhodina (anamorph Lasiodiplodia theobromae), and B. obtusa (anamorph Diplodia seriata). They were identified based on conidial morphology and cultural characteristics, as well as analyses of nucleotide sequences of three genomic regions: the internal transcribed spacer region, a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene. Fusicoccum aesculi was found in all 11 orchards but L. theobromae was found only in Shayang County in the Jingmen region and D. seriata only in Gong'an County in the Jingzhou region. Via artificial inoculation using mycelia on wounded twigs or branches, these three species were all found to be pathogenic, causing dark lesions on the twigs and branches and, sometimes, gum exudation from diseased parts. Isolates of L. theobromae were the most virulent and caused the largest lesions and most copious gummosis, and D. seriata had less gum than the other two species. This report represents the first description of L. theobromae and D. seriata as causal agents of gummosis on peach in China.

The Topography of the Scamander Valley.—II

1912 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 286-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Leaf
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Temple

The name of Gergis appears first in Herodotos, and is applied to a tribe said to be the descendants of the ancient Teukrians; ῾γμέης . . .εἶλε μὲν Αἰολέας πάντας, ὅσοι τὴν ᾿Ιλιάδα νέμονται, εἶλε δὲ Γέργιθας τοὺςὑπολειφθέντας τῶν ἀρχαίων Τευκρῶν (v. 122). Where they dwelt is made clear in vii. 43. After his visit to the temple of Athena at Ilion, Xerxes marches to Abydos, keeping Rhoiteion, Ophryneion and Dardanos on his left, and the Teukrian Gergithes on his right; ἐπορεύετο ἐνθεῦτεν ἐνἀριστερῆι μὲν ἀοέργων ῾Ροίτειον πόλιν καὶ ᾿Οφρύνειον καὶ Δάρδανον, ἤπερδὴ ᾿Αβύδωι ὄμουρός ἐστι, ἐν δεξυῆι δὲ Γέργιθας Τευκπρούς. The Greek colonists, the Aeolians, had occupied with their towns the whole of the coast; the older inhabitants had been driven into the hill-country a short distance inland.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document