scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Botryosphaeria spp. Causing Gummosis of Peach Trees in Hubei Province, Central China

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1378-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wang ◽  
Lina Zhao ◽  
Guohuai Li ◽  
Junbin Huang ◽  
Tom Hsiang
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Central China ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Fusicoccum Aesculi ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Genomic Regions

Peach (Prunus persica) is one of the most important and widely grown fruit trees in China; however, perennial gummosis on trunks and branches is a major problem in peach orchards of Hubei Province, one of the most important peach production areas of China. In order to identify the gummosis-causing agents, diseased trunks and branches were collected from 11 peach orchards in Hubei Province. Fungal isolates were obtained from these samples, yielding three species: Botryosphaeria dothidea (anamorph Fusicoccum aesculi), B. rhodina (anamorph Lasiodiplodia theobromae), and B. obtusa (anamorph Diplodia seriata). They were identified based on conidial morphology and cultural characteristics, as well as analyses of nucleotide sequences of three genomic regions: the internal transcribed spacer region, a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene. Fusicoccum aesculi was found in all 11 orchards but L. theobromae was found only in Shayang County in the Jingmen region and D. seriata only in Gong'an County in the Jingzhou region. Via artificial inoculation using mycelia on wounded twigs or branches, these three species were all found to be pathogenic, causing dark lesions on the twigs and branches and, sometimes, gum exudation from diseased parts. Isolates of L. theobromae were the most virulent and caused the largest lesions and most copious gummosis, and D. seriata had less gum than the other two species. This report represents the first description of L. theobromae and D. seriata as causal agents of gummosis on peach in China.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Phomopsis amygdali and Botryosphaeria dothidea Associated with Peach Shoot Blight in Yangshan, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2511-2518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Tian ◽  
Yuqiang Zhao ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Lv Wang ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Wuxi City

Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is produced locally in Yangshan, Wuxi City, China. In recent years, a widespread shoot blight has been observed in many peach orchards of Yangshan that kills the twigs and results in high losses in fruit production. Disease incidences ranged from 10 to 20% in the affected orchards and, in extreme cases, 40% of the trees were affected. Shoot blight of peach is caused by a fungus, previously identified as Phomopsis amygdali. Between 2014 and 2015, samples were collected four times from three peach orchards located in Yangshan to understand the etiology of shoot blight. Interestingly, two types of shoot blight symptoms were observed: one characterized by necrotic lesions with rings and one without rings. Based on conidial morphology, cultural characteristics, and analysis of nucleotide sequences of three genomic regions (the internal transcribed spacer region, a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-α), isolates were identified as P. amygdali and Botryosphaeria dothidea. Remarkably, most of the P. amygdali isolates were recovered from twigs showing necrotic lesions without rings. In contrast, most of the B. dothidea isolates were recovered from twigs with rings in the necrotic lesions. Correlations among pathogens, sampling regions, and disease symptoms were noted, and growth rates of these pathogens were characterized. Pathogenicity tests showed that B. dothidea isolates could induce necrotic lesions with rings but P. amygdali isolates could only induce necrotic lesions. Moreover, the B. dothidea isolates exhibited higher levels of virulence than P. amygdali isolates on the peach twig. Additionally, high frequencies of detection of both P. amygdali and B. dothidea from buds indicated that buds may be the primary site of fungal invasion. Cankers and necrotic twigs may also serve as infection courts. Our results suggest that B. dothidea and P. amygdali are the common causal agents of peach shoot blight in Yangshan, China. This finding provides a basis for the development of effective management strategies.

scholarly journals Identification and Pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Diplodia seriata, the Causal Agents of Bot Canker Disease of Grapevines in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Úrbez-Torres ◽  
G. M. Leavitt ◽  
J. C. Guerrero ◽  
J. Guevara ◽  
W. D. Gubler
Keyword(s):  
Baja California ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Diplodia Seriata ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Green Tissue ◽  
Secondary Wood ◽  
Production Areas

Perennial cankers and consequent grapevine dieback are a major problem in vineyards of Sonora and Baja California, the most important grape-production areas of Mexico. In order to identify the canker-causing agents, symptomatic arms, cordons, and trunks were collected from 13 and 6 vineyards in Sonora and Baja California, respectively. Two Botryosphaeriaceae spp., Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Diplodia seriata, were isolated frequently from infected wood and identified based on morphological and cultural characters as well as analyses of nucleotide sequences of three genes, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene, and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α). Although both L. theobromae and D. seriata were isolated from grapevine cankers in Baja California, only L. theobromae was found in vines in the Sonora region. Pathogenicity of both species was verified by inoculation of rooted cuttings and green shoots of Thompson Seedless and Chardonnay cultivars. Isolates of L. theobromae were more virulent, based on the extent of spread in the secondary wood and green tissue, than those of D. seriata. These findings confirm L. theobromae and D. seriata as the causal agents of dieback and canker formation of grapevines in northern Mexico.

scholarly journals Effect of Diagonal Cut Surface Length on Graft Success and Growth of Mangifera indica, Persia americana, and Prunus persica

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. Mng’omba ◽  
Elsa S. du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Graft Success ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Surface Length ◽  
Cut Surface

Grafting has been a common propagation method in many fruit trees to achieve fruiting precocity. Its success has depended on proper alignment of parenchymatous tissues of both scions and their respective rootstocks. Although grafting has been practiced for a long time, the right or ideal length of a diagonal cut surface that promotes proper alignment of vascular bundles of both graft partners to ensure fast graft-take and eventually graft success have not been investigated. An experiment was carried out on mango, avocado, and peach trees with an objective of establishing suitable or correct length of a diagonal cut surface when grafting (splice method) to improve graft success. Diagonal cut surface lengths applied to both scions and rootstocks included 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 40 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm, or 100 mm with at least three grafters treated as a random component. A significant difference (P < 0.0001) was found among the diagonal cut surface lengths and over 80% of graft success was obtained with 40- to 100-mm diagonal cut surface lengths, especially for mango. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) were also obtained in shoot length and stem diameter size (thickness) for all tree crops studied and also for number of leaves except for avocado plants. It is concluded that improved graft success can be achieved with a diagonal cut surface length of 40 mm long with the need for a few grafting strips.

scholarly journals First Report of Neofusicoccum parvum Causing Dieback Disease of Chinese Weeping Cypress in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Li ◽  
J. Z. Li ◽  
S. C. Li ◽  
Z. H. Lu ◽  
J. H. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Central China ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Middle Point ◽  
Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽  
First Report ◽  
Dieback Disease ◽  
And Control

Cupressus funebris Endl. (Chinese weeping cypress) is native to southwestern and central China. In June 2008, blighted shoots of Chinese weeping cypress trees were observed in Yunnan Province (southwestern China). Symptomatic trees were located in an ornamental planting established approximately 8 to 12 years ago. Additional samples were collected from 11 locations in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Chongqing. Disease symptoms included yellowing and wilting of leaves on several branches, followed by sudden death within 6 to 8 weeks. Cross sections on trunks and branches revealed darkened zones. Tissue from diseased samples was plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C. Fungal isolates developed copious, white, aerial mycelium that became dark gray after 4 to 6 days and formed black pycnidia after 25 days. Conidia were hyaline, ellipsoidal to fusiform, externally smooth, thin walled, nonseptate, and measured 12.5 to 18.5 × 4.0 to 6.5 μm. Identity was confirmed by analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITSI-5.8S-ITS2) and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α). BLAST searches at GenBank showed a high identity with reference sequences (ITS: >99%; EF1-α: 100%). Representative sequences of both regions were deposited in GenBank (ITS: Accession No. FJ842960 and FJ842961; EF1-α: Accession No. GU811148). Morphological and molecular results confirmed this species as Neofusicoccum parvum, reported as the anamorph of Botryosphaeria parva. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by stem inoculation of 2-year-old C. funebris seedlings. Mycelial plugs (4 mm in diameter) of N. parvum from actively growing colonies were applied to same-size bark wounds on the middle point of the stems. Control seedlings were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. Inoculated and control seedlings (five each) were kept in a greenhouse and watered as needed. After 5 weeks, all C. funebris seedlings showed leaf wilting and dark vascular stem tissue. N. parvum was reisolated from all inoculated, symptomatic tissues, fulfilling Koch's postulates; no symptoms were visible in the control seedlings. N. parvum has previously been reported to cause canker and dieback disease of avocado (3), mango (2), and magenta cherry (Syzygium paniculatum) (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. parvum causing dieback of C. funebris in China. References: (1) R. C. Ploetz et al. Plant Pathol. 58:801, 2009. (2) B. Slippers et al. Mycologia 97:99, 2005. (3) T. Zea-Bonilla et al. Plant Dis. 91:1052, 2007.

Genetic and phenotypic characterization of the fungal pathogen Cytospora plurivora from western Colorado peach orchards and the development of a ddPCR assay for detection and quantification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Stewart ◽  
Stephan Miller ◽  
Frida Zink ◽  
Jorge Caballero ◽  
Luke Tembrock
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
The United States ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Western Colorado ◽  
Peach Trees

Cytospora canker is one of the most important diseases affecting peach production in Colorado, yet previous efforts to characterize Cytospora species diversity in Colorado have relied exclusively on morphological traits. Recently, several new Cytospora species were described from peach orchards within the United States using molecular and morphological data, prompting the need to reexamine Cytospora spp. present on peach trees in Colorado. A total of 137 isolates of Cytospora spp. were collected from eight orchards in western Colorado. Isolates were sequenced at the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region and EF1a (elongation factor 1 alpha) and assessed with reference sequences in phylogenetic analyses. All isolates from western Colorado peach trees resolved with the newly described Cytospora plurivora. In addition to molecular characterization, temperature growth and virulence assays were conducted to assess phenotypic variation among the isolates from western Colorado. Variation across isolates was found both in growth at different temperatures and in virulence. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses resolved the most virulent (and most often collected) haplotypes together in a well-supported clade from which a single monophyletic origin of high virulence can be inferred. Finally, a droplet digital PCR assay was developed for use in ongoing and future studies to detect and quantify C. plurivora from field and laboratory samples.

scholarly journals First Report of Neofusicoccum parvum Causing Gummosis of Peach Trees in Hubei Province, Central China

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 2673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
He Zhang ◽  
Yufang Cheng ◽  
Jingyu Li ◽  
Junwei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hubei Province ◽  
Central China ◽  
Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽  
First Report ◽  
Peach Trees

scholarly journals Variable Fall Climate Conditions on Carbon Assimilation and Spring Phenology of Young Peach Trees

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Brian T. Lawrence ◽  
Juan Carlos Melgar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Delayed Senescence ◽  
Fall Temperature ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Variable fall temperature and moisture conditions may alter leaf senescence of deciduous fruit trees, influencing carbon assimilation before dormancy and phenology the following spring. This study explored gas exchange of young peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) when senescence proceeded normally or was delayed during the fall under two soil moisture treatments: Well-irrigated trees or water deficit. Results showed leaf carbon assimilation was similar between the senescence treatments, but whole tree assimilation was estimated to be greater in delayed senescence trees compared to normal senescence trees based on timing of defoliation and total leaf area. The effect of soil moisture on carbon assimilation was not consistent between years. Delayed sap flow and bloom time resulted as a consequence of delayed senescence the previous fall, but soil moisture did not affect spring phenology.

scholarly journals Data on biology and ecology of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on fruit trees in the Peloponnese

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
George J. Stathas ◽  
Α. Kostriva ◽  
Panagiotis J. Skouras ◽  
Dimitrios C. Kontodimas ◽  
Ch. F Karipidis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Actinidia Deliciosa ◽  
Chilocorus Bipustulatus ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Rhyzobius Lophanthae

The study was conducted In Kalamata, Messinia, province of the Peloponnese, where infestations of Pseudauacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) were found on kiwi trees Actinidia deliciosa (Actinidiaceae), peach trees Prunus persica (Rosaceae) and mulberry trees Morus alba (Moraceae). Data on biology and ecology of the scale were recorded by samplings of infested branches of mulberry trees and by examining them in the laboratory, during the years 2016-2018. Pseudaulacaspis pentagona is an oviparous and amphigonic species. The fecundity of the scale fluctuated between 97 and 133 eggs per female. In the area of Kalamata it completed 3 generations per year and overwintered as mated pre-ovipositing female. The main natural enemies of P. pentagona recorded in the area of Kalamata are the coccinellid predators: Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) and Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell.

Herbicide Effects on Weed Control and Shoot Growth of Young Apple (Malus sylvestris) and Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Susan B. Harrison ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
One Year ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.

Early performance of micropropagated trees of several Malus and Prunus cultivars on their own roots

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Quamme ◽  
R. T. Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
Peach Trees

Early performance (6–8 yr) of Macspur McIntosh, Golden Delicious, and Spartan apple (Malus domestica Borkh.); Fairhaven peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.]; Montmorency sour cherry (P. cerasus L.); and Lambert sweet cherry (P. avium L.) trees, tissue cultured (TC) on their own roots, was compared with that of the same cultivars budded on commercially used rootstocks. TC trees of all apple cultivars were similar in size to trees budded on Antonovka seedling or M.4 and exceeded the size of trees budded on M.26. They were delayed in flowering and in cropping compared with trees budded on M.26 and M.4. No difference in titratable acidity, soluble solids, flesh firmness, weight, flavor, and color between fruit from TC trees and from trees on M.4 and Antonovka seedlings was detected in 1 yr of measurement. However, fruit from TC Golden Delicious was more russeted and fruit from TC Spartan had more soluble solids. The difference in fruit appearance between TC and budded trees may result from a root-stock effect or a difference in budwood source, because Spartan fruit from trees on M.4 was more russeted than Spartan fruit from TC trees, but was not different from Spartan fruit from trees on Antonovka seedling. Trees of Macspur McIntosh on TC M.26 and on stool-layered M.26 were similar in size and yield efficiency. TC Fairhaven was larger in size than Fairhaven on Siberian C seedling, but was less yield efficient. No difference in fruit size, flesh firmness, or color was detected between fruit harvested from peach trees on the different roots. Montmorency and Lambert TC and on F12/1 were similar in tree size, respectively, but Montmorency and Lambert TC were more yield efficient than on F12/1. Fruit of TC Lambert was lighter in color and had higher titratable acidity than that of Lambert on F12/1, perhaps a result of earlier fruit maturity. Key words: Apple, peach, sweet cherry, sour cherry, self-rooted, rootstocks

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