Studies on insecticide-impregnated targets for the control of riverine Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the sub-humid savanna zone of Nigeria

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Oladunmade ◽  
W. Takken ◽  
L. Dengwat ◽  
I. Ndams
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Glossina Palpalis Palpalis ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Riverine Forest ◽  
Humid Savanna ◽  
Glossina Palpalis ◽  
Savanna Zone

AbstractInsecticide-impregnated blue cotton targets 70 × 110 cm weretested for the control of Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) and G. tachinoides Westwood in riverine fringing forests in central Nigeria, under wet-season conditions. Following exposure to treated cloth for 1·5 min, delta-methrin caused 100% mortality of G. p. palpalis for six weeks at 0·05% and for 13 weeks at 0·1%. Dieldrin at 5% was not very effective. At 4%, endosulfan initially caused a high mortality, but rapidly lost its activity, especially against females. By chemical analysis, 43% of deltamethrin applied to the fabric was found to have been lost within 12 weeks, in which 230 mm of rainfall was recorded. Placed 150 m apart in a fringing forest, targets impregnated with 0·05% deltamethrin caused a rapid decline in the G. p. palpalis population, and after 12 weeks only 5% of the original density was recorded. No further reduction or significant increase was observed during the following six months, though it appeared that flies caught during this period had immigrated from an adjacent undisturbed riverine forest. The effect on G. tachinoides was less dramatic, but this may have been due to the low initial density of this species, and to its greater mobility, giving rise to reinvasion from elsewhere.

scholarly journals A peridomestic population of the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis palpalis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Glossinidae) at Kontagora town, Niger state, Nigeria

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Glossina Palpalis Palpalis ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
The Public ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Glossina Palpalis ◽  
Wild Life

The present article considers some aspects of a peridomestic population of the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis palpalis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 in Kontagora, Nigeria. This situation characterizes an abnormal behaviour of the vector, and it is of significant epidemiological importance. Data on the ecology of this species were collected in 1995 and 1999. The results indicated that the species exists during both dry and wet seasons; approximately 30.0% of the catches were gorged with blood giving a MHS of 2.4, indicating a well-nourished population. Dissection of inseminated pars indicated pregnancy rates of approximately 30.0% and 70.0% in the dry and wet seasons and the presence of all 4 stages of pregnancy, suggesting that breeding occurs at both seasons. Longevity of flies was approximately 16 days in dry season and 25 days in the wet season. Overall results indicated that vector/host contact was high and the fly population has adapted and actively breeding in the area. Trypanosome infection rates of 18.2% consist of 1 brucei-type and 5 vivax-type infections. The public health implications of the close proximity of the wild natural reservoir hosts of the human T. b. gambiense Dutton, 1902 parasites at the Kainji Wild Life park is discussed.

Contributions to the epidemiology of human sleeping sickness in Liberia: bionomics of the vector Glossina palpalis (R.-D.) in a forest habitat

1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
North West ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

Glossina, palpalis (R.-D.) was studied in three localities near Voinjama, in a forest region in north-west Liberia, where human trypanosomiasis persists only as sporadic cases. Sites were chosen with different degrees of contact between man, fly and game, in transitional vegetation on the Zeliba River, and in primary forest on the Lofa and Lawa Rivers. The general features, fauna and climate of these areas are described. Catching by nets was found to be preferable to the use of traps. Trap catches averaged about one-quarter of the corresponding net catches. The theoretical basis of ‘animal’ traps is too uncertain for their use in quantitative studies, and under forest conditions there are practical difficulties in siting them in optimum positions; they failed to catch at all at very low fly densities. Heavy rain and the dry season were unfavourable to the fly, particularly outside the forest canopy. A wet-season resting site on horizontal twigs near to the ground is described. The percentage of females in the total catch differed significantly between different habitats, but apparently was not indicative of the degree of hunger in the population. There were no great differences between the sexes in activity patterns, and activity was greatest during the apparently unfavourable climatic conditions of early afternoon. The willingness of the fly to penetrate unfavourable surroundings suggests that the clearing of forest at potential places of transmission is unlikely to afford an effective means of protection. There is some evidence that breeding was curtailed during the rains. Very few engorged flies were found. Fly numbers and distribution were not affected by normal game movements. There is no evidence that the fly was ever dependent on man for food. Where game was driven away the fly tended to follow it. Occasional human foci did not affect the number or distribution of the fly, and fly activity was not correlated with human activity. Intimate and prolonged contact between man and fly did not occur.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variability of the Glossina palpalis palpalis population in the Mbini focus (Equatorial Guinea)

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cano ◽  
Miguel Descalzo ◽  
Nicolas Ndong-Mabale ◽  
Pedro Ndongo-Asumu ◽  
Leonardo Bobuakasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Glossina Palpalis Palpalis ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

Occurrence of the grasshopper pest Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in south-western Nigeria in relation to the wet and dry seasons

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Page
Keyword(s):  
Dry Season ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Secondary Peak ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Zonocerus Variegatus ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
The North ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Peak Abundance

AbstractAn investigation into the seasonal abundance of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) around Ibadan, Nigeria, showed that hatching occurs between October and March and peak abundance is in late November. Adults occur almost throughout the year. Oviposition takes place between March and October or possibly November, with a peak in April. Eggs laid in March and April hatch in October and November after a diapause, while those laid from June onwards do not appear to enter diapause. Thus eggs laid in June and July hatch at the same time as those laid in March and April. Parasitism by the sargophagid fly Blaesoxipha filipjevi (Rod.) during March and April results in a rapid decline in adult numbers which may be followed by a secondary peak in adult numbers when nymphs, which are present at the same time and are rarely parasitised, reach adult stage. Oviposition resulting from such a peak does not produce a secondary peak in hatching as this coincides with hatching from earlier layings. The fungus Entomophthora grylli plays an important role in controlling the abundance of nymphs and adults during the dry season despite the intermittent nature of the attacks. During the wet season, the fungus is able to germinate and disperse more readily, thus keeping the numbers of the insects low. It is concluded that there is one generation of Z. variegatus a year, with a peak in population coinciding with the dry season (November-March). It is suggested from the results that the grasshopper may have originated in the semi-arid zones of the north.

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