Banks on Board: German and American Corporate Governance, 1870–1914

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Fear ◽  
Christopher Kobrak
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Agency Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Investment Banks ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Control Speculation

This examination of the foundations of German and American corporate governance highlights the role of money-centered banks, both as board members in large corporations and as intermediaries on the stock exchange. German banks, by acting as surrogate regulators, became institutional stabilizers, and German regulators encouraged banks to participate in corporate boards in order to overcome agency problems in firms and to control speculation. American investment banks, prior to 1914, often managed to overcome regulatory obstacles, which enabled them to wield more power over corporations than their legendary German counterparts. American banks had more opportunities to intervene in the event of panics, bankruptcies, foreign investment, and corporate consolidation. In contrast to Germany, the United States increasingly imposed regulations that circumscribed the supervisory role of banks as board members.

scholarly journals A influência das redes de relações corporativas no desempenho das empresas do Novo Mercado da BOVESPA

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Mendes-da-Silva ◽  
Luciano Rossoni ◽  
Diógenes Leiva Martin ◽  
Roy Martelanc
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Level Density ◽  
Board Members ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Institutional Relations ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Performance

The role played by the board of a firm is one of the main aspects considered in literature on corporate governance around of the world. simultaneously, the social and institutional relations have been seen as preponderant factor for the happened results of the performance of such boards of big companies. However not yet research is verified that analyze the role of the boards from the Social Network Analysis (SNA) in Brazil. In this manner, this study aims to verify the existence of associations between centrality level, density and cohesion of the boards of Brazilian companies and firmperformance. Then, we evaluate 615 individuals, that had formed the boards of the 90 listed companies in the Novo Mercado of the S˜ao Paulo Stock Exchange in 2007. The analysis was lead in two phases. In the first one we present the configuration of the networks of board members, in second place, we verify associations between structure of the network and performance. It was verified that the centrality, density and the cohesion of the firms, in terms of its board members, are related with performance, some times in terms of Return Over Assets (Roa), some times in debt. Of this form, we conclude that organizations most located in the networks of corporative relations tend to present greater yield and minor debt.

Family control and ownership monitoring in Stakeholder-oriented corporate governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1712-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Sakawa ◽  
Naoki Watanabel
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Dividend Payout ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Family Control ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Firm Profitability

Purpose Principal–principal conflicts between family shareholders and other shareholders have been investigated in emerging economies, but fewer studies have examined the effect of concentrated ownership on firm profitability and dividend payout in stakeholder-oriented systems. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether family control leads to principal–principal conflicts resulting in wealth expropriation of minority shareholders by family owners in stakeholder-oriented systems. Design/methodology/approach This study uses large listed firms of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) in Japan during 2007–2016. Using 14,991 firm year observations, the authors analyze the effect of family control on dividend payout and firm performance to test the possibility of exploitation by family owners. Findings The authors find that family board members do not exploit minority shareholders and rather behave as stewards of the firm. The authors also find that foreign shareholders interact with family control to increase firm profitability, suggesting that foreign shareholders enhance the role of family board members as stewards. Originality/value Existing research on principal–principal conflicts tends to examine expropriation by family board members in emerging markets. This research reveals that family board members behave like stewards in the presence of stakeholder-oriented corporate governance mechanisms. In addition, foreign shareholders strengthen the stewardship role of family controlled firms.

scholarly journals Investigating the relationship between corporate governance and banks’ financial performance: Egypt case

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1177-1190
Author(s):  
Amr Youssef ◽  
Mohamed Bayoumi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Governance Reform ◽  
Egyptian Revolution ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Board Of Directors

In the last few decades, policy makers around the world have focused on corporate governance reform since the Asian financial crisis and scandals in the United States such as the Enron debacle. In addition, there is no doubt that banks have significant position in the welfare of any economy. Corporate governance involves in how banks’ businesses and affairs are governed by its board of directors that raises a fundamental question of how this could affect banks’ financial performance. The focus of this research is to investigate the relationships between some of the corporate governance variables that are related to the board of directors on the financial performance of these banks working in the Egyptian market. Thirteen banks that are listed in the Egyptian Stock Exchange were selected with data collected for the period from 2011 till 2013 which is the post Egyptian revolution era. Research analyses adopted in this study are descriptive, correlation and regression analyses to test the research hypotheses. Findings of this research provide evidence that some of these variables such as board independence, foreign board members ratio, women board members ratio and board educational ratio have significant effect on the financial performance of these banks; however, board size and CEO qualities do not have any significant effect on banks’ performance. The research reaches some implications that are important to different stakeholders on practical and academic levels.

scholarly journals Stewardship theory: is board accountability necessary?

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1292-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Keay
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Agency Theory ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Agency Problems ◽  
Stewardship Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate that notwithstanding the fact that stewardship theory embraces things like trust of directors, their professionalism, loyalty and willingness to be concerned for the interests of others, as well as rejecting the foundations of classic agency problems that are asserted by agency theory, board accountability is as relevant to stewardship theory as it is to agency theory. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies the theory underlying board accountability in corporate governance, which is so often applied both in the corporate governance literature and in practice with agency theory in mind, to stewardship theory. Findings While the idea of accountability of boards is generally associated with an explanation and conceptualisation of the role and behaviour of directors as agents within classic agency theory, the paper demonstrates that board accountability is a necessary part of board life even if the role of directors is explained and conceptualised in terms of stewardship theory. Practical implications The paper suggests some accountability mechanisms that might be employed in a stewardship approach. Originality/value While many authors have talked in general terms about board accountability and its importance, this is the first paper that has engaged in a substantial study that links board accountability directly with stewardship theory, and to establish that accountability is necessary.

Gendering Corporate Boards and Conditional Effectiveness of Board Processes: Insights from a Sub-Saharan African Country

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092110362
Author(s):  
Obi Berko O. Damoah ◽  
Yvonne Ayerki Lamptey ◽  
Alex Anlesinya ◽  
Barbara Naa Amanuah Tetteh
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
African Country ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Corporate Board ◽  
Board Processes ◽  
Board Directors ◽  
Women On Corporate Boards ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Board Level

This study explored how and when female board members make effective contribution to board processes in a sub-Saharan African country (Ghana), a context characterized by low female representation on corporate boards, but highly under-researched with respect to the gender and corporate governance literature. The study is based on interview data from 25 female board directors in Ghana. The results show that women on corporate boards contribute to effective board processes and outcomes when their proposed ideas during board meetings are accepted by other board members, implemented by management and impact positively on organizational outcomes such as enhanced financial, product and staff outcomes. These effective contributions of female board directors to corporate board processes can further be enhanced by suitable female directors’ personal-level conditions such as their human capital (advanced degree and professional qualification, and past board membership experience) and family support (supportive husbands, and having grown up children), as well as board-level conditions like occupying chairperson/leadership position on the board or committees, and regular attendance at board meetings. Consequently, this research study contributed to the gender and corporate governance literature by providing new evidence from under-researched geographical context on how women on corporate boards contribute to effective board processes. It further highlights personal and board-level conditions that are necessary for greater contributions of female directors to corporate board processes and outcomes in male-dominated societies and boards.

scholarly journals CORPORATE RISK DISCLOSURE: THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Arisona Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Muhammad ◽  
Dwi Narullia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Business Risk ◽  
Risk Disclosure ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Corporate Risk ◽  
Corporate Business

ABSTRACT This research investigates the role of corporate governance on the disclosure of corporate business risk management with leverage and company size as control variables. Research data were taken from a company that classified as LQ 45 on the Indonesian stock exchange from 2015 to 2018. This research finds that disclosure of business risk management as a sign that management has managed the company with the good attitude increases along with increased corporate governance activities. Leverage and company size also affect company policies regarding the disclosure of corporate business risks. Overall, the results of this study are consistent with the assumption that corporate governance affects company policies regarding business risk disclosure. However, in contrast to the initial hypothesis, the composition of the board commissioners reduces the risk management disclosure activity in the company. This is because the board of commissioners considers that business risk disclosure can increase costs and reduce its competitive advantage so that investors will respond negatively. Apart from these variables, this study contributes to agency theory, where the findings of this study indicate the confirmation of the application of theory in the context of this study. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menyelidiki peran tata kelola perusahaan terhadap pengungkapan manajemen risiko bisnis perusahaan dengan leverage dan size perusahaan sebagai variable control. Data penelitian meliputi perusahaan yang tergolong LQ 45 di bursa efek Indonesia dari tahun 2015 hingga 2018. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pengungkapan manajemen risiko bisnis sebagai tanda bahwa manajemen telah berperilaku baik dalam mengelola perusahaan meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan aktivitas tata Kelola perusahaan. Leverage dan ukuran perusahaan juga mempengaruhi kebijakan perusahaan mengenai pengungkapan risiko bisnis perusahaan. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian ini konsisten dengan dugaan bahwa tata kelola perusahaan mempengaruhi kebijakan perusahaan mengenai pengungkapan risiko bisnis. Namun, berbeda dengan hipotesis awal komposisi dewan komisaris menurunkan aktivitas pengungkapan manajemen risiko diperusahaan. Hal ini dikarenakan dewan komisaris menimbang bahwa pengungkapan risiko bisnis dapat meningkatkan biaya serta menurunkan keunggulan kompetitif perusahaan sehingga akan direspon negatif oleh investor. Selain variabel tersebut, penelitian ini berkontribusi pada teori agensi dimana temuan yang ada menunjukkan konfirmasi dari penerapan teori di dalam konteks penelitian.

scholarly journals Model Hubungan Peningkatan Kualitas Nilai Perusahaan Melalui Corporate Governance, Gender Direktur, Reputasi Audit Pada Perbankan Konvensional dan Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia Tahun 2013-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
Suharti Suharti ◽  
Anton Anton ◽  
Irawati Irawati
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

One important indicator factor for assessing the company's future prospects is to see the extent to which the company's profitability has grown. The purpose of this study was to determine the Relationship between Improving the Quality of Company Value through Corporate Governance, Gender Director, Audit Reputation in Conventional Banking and Islamic Banking in Indonesia 2013-2018. This research was conducted in listed companies that are members of the financial sector (Conventional and Sharia Banking) which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2018 from 31 banking companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange from a period of 6 years from 2013 to 2018. Methods used is purposive sampling, namely the technique of determining the sample with certain considerations. While the data analysis method using SEM and AMOS. The results of this study indicate that the Independent Board (Independent Board) does not have a significant positive effect on company performance and firm value (2) Gender Director (Female directorship) does not have a significant negative effect on company performance and firm value (3) Board Members (Managerial Board) ) has a significant positive effect on company performance; but Board Members (Managerial Board) do not have a significant positive effect on firm value. (4) Audit Reputation does not have a positive significant effect on company performance and firm value. Keywords: Audit Quality, Professional Accuracy, Competence, Ethics of Internal Auditors

scholarly journals Implementing the board of directors’ mechanism – An empirical study of the listed firms in Libya

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Atkins ◽  
Mohamed Zakari ◽  
Ismail Elshahoubi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Executive Managers

This paper aims to investigate the extent to which board of directors’ mechanism is implemented in Libyan listed companies. This includes a consideration of composition, duties and responsibilities of the board directors. This study employed a questionnaire survey to collect required data from four key stakeholder groups: Boards of Directors (BD), Executive Managers (EM), Regulators and External Auditors (RE) and Other Stakeholders (OS). The results of this study provided evidence that Libyan listed companies generally comply with the Libyan Corporate Governance Code (LCGC) requirements regarding the board composition: the findings assert that most boards have between three and eleven members, the majority of whom are non-executives and at least two or one-third of whom (whichever is greater) are independent. Moreover, the results indicate that general assemblies in Libyan listed companies are practically committed to the LCGC’s requirements regarding the appointment of board members and their length of tenure. The findings provide evidence that boards in Libyan listed companies are carrying out their duties and responsibilities in accordance with internal regulations and laws, as well as the stipulations of the LCGC (2007). Furthermore, the stakeholder groups were broadly satisfied that board members are devoting sufficient time and effort to discharge these duties and responsibilities properly. This study helps to enrich our understanding and knowledge of the current practice of corporate boards as a significant mechanism of corporate governance (CG) by being the first to address the board of directors’ mechanism in Libyan listed companies.

scholarly journals The role of the external auditor in corporate governance: The case of companies listed in the NYSE Euronext Lisbon

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Bernardo Vaz Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Agency Problems ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
External Auditors ◽  
External Auditor ◽  
Economic Crimes

This study investigates the effects of the presence of the external auditor on corporate governance in Portugal, in the way listed companies are managed, based on the verification of compliance with the corporate governance regulations of the Securities Market Commission, as well as the transparency of information and the reduction of agency problems, fraud and economic crimes. By comparing government reports of companies listed on NYSE Euronext Lisbon, during several periods and with surveys conducted in the 1st half of 2013 in Portugal to the external auditors responsible for the majority of the legal certification of accounts of companies during 2007 to 2011, a significant direct relationship in the fulfillment of the recommendations of corporate governance and its verification by the external auditor is concluded. Based on multiple regression and multinomial logistic models, it is concluded that a greater involvement of the ROC in complying with corporate governance recommendations, allows for greater transparency of information and a reduction of agency problems, fraud and economic crimes

scholarly journals Private Enterprise, International Development, and the Cold War

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-145
Author(s):  
Ethan B. Kapstein
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Development ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The U.S

This article sheds light on the role of foreign direct investment as an instrument for economic development and, in turn, for the advancement of U.S. foreign policy goals during the Cold War. From the earliest days of the Cold War, and especially after the U.S.-Soviet competition for influence in the developing world began in the 1950s, the United States sought to promote private enterprise on behalf of U.S. goals. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, U.S. officials believed that foreign investment would suffice to fuel international development, obviating the need for official development assistance. These hopes, however, were largely disappointed. On the one hand, U.S.-based multinational companies preferred to invest in the industrial world; on the other hand, some Third World governments were uninterested in promoting private enterprise rather than state-led development. In part because foreign investment did not meet expectations, the U.S. government ended up elaborating an official foreign aid program instead.

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