Institutional Impact of Forestry on the Economy

The problems of the forest sector identified by many researchers are primarily related to the quality of institutions and the lack of effective institutional relations in the industry, according to the authors’ opinion. The results presented in the article, which prove the existence of a causal relationship between the qualitative characteristics of institutions and institutional relations and economic results, are shown for the first time in the case of the forest industry. In order to achieve the objective, the economic interrelations between forest industry entities are analyzed in the context of their institutional environment. It is revealed that the existing institutional structure of the industry supports the conflict of incentives between the owner (state) and the user (tenant) of forest land. The theoretical aspects of the specification of property rights, minimization of transaction costs and costs of contractual relations in the Russian forest industry to increase its economic efficiency are investigated. The transformation of Russian forest industry institutions should be based on the comparative advantages of existing institutions, economic models of successful forest management, objective institutional and economic indicators of sustainable growth, such as the specification of property rights and the minimization of specific transaction costs.

Eminently Social Spirituality

This introductory chapter sets up the volume’s themes and contributions. The first section outlines contemporary interest in spirituality and argues that current approaches to understanding contemporary spirituality are insufficient. The next section outlines what we call “first wave” scholarship on spirituality that, beginning in the 1990s, documented the society-wide shift toward spirituality. We then outline the elements of “second wave” spirituality that our volume represents. Thematically, our analytic framework views spirituality as eminently social and its meaning as fundamentally relational. The next three sections highlight how spirituality, both as lived experience and as analytic category, is always influenced by social (national, political, religious, etc.) context; how spirituality is undergirded by collective practices and serves as a resource for pragmatic problem-solving; and how it is influenced by power dynamics and institutional relations. We close with an overview of each chapter collected in the volume.

Russian Empire’s Religious Institutions in the 18th - Early 20th Century: The Evolution of “Friend - Alien - Foe” Relations

The Russian governments three principal institutions to regulate the empires diverse religions from the 18th to the early 20th century are examined. Its author describes the evolution of these bodies, their features and purpose, as well as defining the concept of religious security by analyzing its specific historical content. The author also discusses the relationship between the institutions of the official Russian Church, religious tolerance for foreign confessions, and discrimination against the Old Believers through the prism of friend - alien - foe relations. This approach helps us understand the hierarchical nature of the relations and contradictions that existed between the institutions, whose activities regulated the religious life of the Russian Empires subjects until 1905. The article goes on to analyze the relationship between the official legal status of the Russian Church, imperial tolerance, and religious discrimination. It concludes that the formation of the three state-religious institutions that began in the 18th century ended during the reign of Emperor Nicholas I. That time saw the beginning of the gradual evolution of friend - alien - foe inter-institutional relations, which peaked under Emperor Nicholas in 1904-1906. The author also considers the changes in the governments policy towards the Russian schism of the 17th century, which ultimately removed the friend-or-foe opposition in the relations between the Russian state, the Russian Church and the schismatic Old Believers. In accordance with the modernized legislation on religious tolerance, lawful Old Believers and sectarians moved from the category of religious and political foes to that of aliens, to which foreign confessions traditionally belonged. Under the new legal and political conditions, intolerance and religious discrimination against the schism ceased to be an instrument of state policy.

Religion and Dictatorship in Europe

This chapter explores the intersection of religion and dictatorship after the First World War. It examines the question of institutional relations between church and state, and seeks to explore how these relations shed light on the ideological relationship between religious traditions and fascism in particular. It does this by considering comparative perspectives across Europe, especially with regard to church–state relations but also in terms of politics, ideology, and culture. It goes on to explore the cases of Italian fascism and German Nazism, demonstrating how these regimes have typically been understood, as well as how they perpetuated a distinctive religious politics.

Elements of the anthropological theory of didactics in the selection of contents in a course of fluid mechanics in engineering, a case study in Spanish universities

The Anthropological Theory of Didactics has been applied to the field of didactics of mathematics with remarkable success. Fluid Mechanics is a discipline with a strong mathematical background, where mathematics is used for modeling the continuous nature. In addition, the Fluid Mechanics concepts are essential for the future engineer or scientist. For this reason, it is worth thinking whether the content that developed in engineering schools or science faculties are those demanded by the future professionals. The analysis has been done within the context of a case study framed in the Spanish noosphere, more particularly Universities and Companies. In this direction, the objective of this article is to know the institutional distance between the University and society as a demander of technologies based on Fluid Mechanics. To this end, the methodology based on the issuance of a questionnaire to experts focused on aspects such as present and emerging content associated with the Fluid Mechanics of an engineering degree is used. Note that the number of experts selected is reduced so as to consider the study as a sourcing for introducing expert thoughts on the fluid mechanics conception between university and companies. The results highlight the existence of an institutional distance between the University and the Enterprise (as a technology executor) in the conception of contents, thus establishing an area of potential improvement within the noosphere associated with fluid mechanics in Spain. Highlights Questionnaire to experts to understand the current institutional relations between University and Company in the Spanish system. Application of the Anthropological Theory of Didactics (ATD) techniques to Fluid Mechanics. Confirmation of an institutional distance between University and Companies in Fluid Mechanics conceptions.

Pelayanan Publik dengan Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) pada Sistem Transportasi Massa di Kota Pekanbaru

Improving public services in the urban transportation system consists of improving transportation facilities and infrastructure, improving inter-institutional relations and increasing human resources. The transportation system for the city of Pekanbaru in 2009 began to apply the concept of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) under the name busway trans metro Pekanbaru. Over time, the trans metro busway has shrunk to become a regular bus. This can be seen that many MRT public facilities are not maintained and neglected so that public confidence in the MRT continues to decline. Efforts to improve public services on a sustainable mass transportation system in Pekanbaru City through a public service system that is provided in the form of transportation facilities and infrastructure that exist on the trans metro busway system in Pekanbaru City, as well as providing solutions in the form of maximizing an ideal and suitable mass transportation system for the people of Pekanbaru City. With the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) model.

The Legal and Institutional Foundations of Silicon Valley’s Technological Innovation: An Interdisciplinary Literature Review

This article reviews interdisciplinary literature to explain how state legislation and the practice of law in California influenced the success of Silicon Valley in creating a startup business culture involving the commercialization of technologies built on venture capital finance. Scholarship has identified four major factors in the rise of Silicon Valley: business culture, symbiotic institutional relations with research universities, California contract and employment law, and Silicon Valley law firm culture. Both law and institutional support have been central to the commercialization of scientific knowledge that is the hallmark of Silicon Valley. Silicon Valley companies have remained leaders in technological innovation for over sixty years, encompassing various technologies from semiconductors to personal computers to the Internet. This entrepreneurial approach to technology continues to this day as exemplified by the successful DoorDash and Airbnb IPOs launched in 2020. The paradigmatic Silicon Valley technology company consists of a small group of entrepreneurs building a start-up technology company funded by a venture capital fund. The venture capitalists (VC) maintain hands-on management of the company and receive seats on the board of director and preferred stock rights. If the business plan is successful, the company offers shares to the public through an initial public offering (IPO), or arranges additional funding from another VC fund. This Silicon Valley model is characterized by a tolerance for failure and high labor mobility. Technology company employees have the freedom to leave established companies to start their own ventures.

Analysing Factors Affecting the Nabire Regent's Accountability Report (LKPJ) Nabire Regency

This study applied qualitative approach through the process of finding, understanding, explaining and obtaining an overview of social phenomena and public phenomena regarding the Synergy of Relations between the Legislative and Executive arms of regency government carrying out the authority of the Accountability Statement Report (LKPJ) of the Regent of Nabire Regency. Data collection techniques applied were; observation, interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis technique applied were qualitative data analysis technique to describe the facts obtained from the results of field studies and literature reviews to clarify the picture of the research results. The results of interviews related to the theory of institutional relations, found a negative and conflicting relationship existing between the two; legislative and executive parties, a position that build a political bargain that benefits each party so that it gives birth to political commitments and deals in the Regent's LKPJ agreement caused by the sectoral ego of each party. The executives consider themselves as having more understanding than the legislature and vice versa. Another problem is the lack of experience, education and the emergence of election winners as leaders/Chairmen of the Regional People's Representative Council which is a political party under the leadership of the executive/regent who has an emotional relationship in the form of family relations with the Regent. Suggestions from researchers from the executive side to carry out the Annual LKPJ to the Legislature on time and the need to strengthen the DPRD's supervisory function on the performance of local governments in order to create good governance. The Nabire DPRD critically and carefully supervises the LKPJ of the Regent of Nabire Regency based on the vision, mission, RPJM and RPPD in a transparent, responsive, efficient, effective, accountable, participatory, measurable, fair and sustainable manner. Publicization of the Regent's LKPJ document and strengthening of the legislative function through training, comparative studies, as well as the availability of funding to finance experts who can assist with legislative tasks is required.

PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN PENYELENGGARAAN PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI (PAUD) NON FORMAL DI KECAMATAN MANISRENGGO KABUPATEN KLATEN

Non-Formal PAUD is currently developing rapidly, which was established by the village government and community organizations as a form of implementing the 1 Village 1 PAUD government recommendations. No exception in Kecammatan Manisrenggo, Klaten Regency, where most of the area is rural. The research method used in this research is qualitative research method which is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observable behavior. The data that has been obtained from the field will be analyzed descriptively. Data in the form of interviews, observations, field notes, documentation and others will be outlined in a systematic and accountable descriptive form in accordance with field conditions, neither added nor subtracted, solely to find out about the opportunities and challenges of Non-Formal PAUD in Manisrenggo District. Klaten Regency. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the non-formal PAUD institutions in Manisrenggo District were organized by the Village / Kelurahan Government, as well as foundations or community organizations. All of them are evenly distributed throughout the Manisrenggo area, so that the community can involve their children in local non-formal PAUD services. There are 75% of the 16 Villages / Kelurahan in Manisrenggo that have a non-formal PAUD institution. While the remaining 25% of villages / kelurahan have 2 non-formal PAUD institutions. This illustrates that the non-formal PAUD in Manisrenggo has spread evenly in every village / kelurahan. The opportunities for implementing PAUD with a non-profit orientation in Manisrenggo District are more wide open, compared to those that are profit-oriented. The reason is because most of the population in Manisrenggo sub-district has middle to lower economic welfare. There are 2 PAUD implementation, namely: internal (from within the institution), namely related to financing, quality of educators, etc., and external external challenges (from outside PAUD), namely related to institutional relations with the community, environmental conditions, etc. This challenge is clearly experienced in Manisrenggo District, this is evidenced by the existence of three non-formal PAUD institutions that have closed in the last 5 years.Keywords: Non Formal PAUD, Opportunities and Challenges of PAUD Implementation

Causes and Consequences of Local Government Efforts to Reduce Risk and Adapt to Extreme Weather Events: Municipal Organizational Robustness

This research article investigates the causes and consequences of municipal institutional arrangements for the provision of resilient critical infrastructure in municipalities. The study explains how the municipal organizational robustness and external institutional dynamics moderate the relation between capacities, leadership, and local government investment decisions. We examine hypotheses on moderating effects with regression methods, using data from 345 Chilean municipalities over a nine-year period, and analyzing the evidence with support of qualitative data. Our results reveal that municipal organizational robustness—operational rules, planning, managerial flexibility and integration, and accountability—is the most quantitatively outstanding moderating factor. The evidence leads us to deduce that efforts to support local governments in the emerging policy domain of resilient critical infrastructure require special attention to the robustness of municipal institutional arrangements. The results are valid for countries where the local governments have responsibilities to fulfill and their decisions have consequences for the adaptation. Since one of the objectives of the Special Issue “Bringing Governance Back Home—Lessons for Local Government Regarding Rapid Climate Action” is to explore how action is enabled or constrained by institutional relations in which the actors are embedded, this study contributes to achieving the goal.