Patterns and scales of expressive palatalization: Experimental evidence from Japanese

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Kochetov ◽  
John Alderete
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
The Cross

This article argues for the existence of expressive palatalization (E-Pal) – a phonologically unmotivated process that applies in sound symbolism, diminutive constructions, and babytalk registers. It is proposed that E-Pal is grounded in iconic sound-meaning associations exploiting acoustic properties of palatalized consonants and thus is inherently different from regular phonological palatalization (P-Pal). A cross-linguistic survey of patterns of E-Pal in 37 languages shows that it exhibits a set of properties different from P-Pal. The case study focuses on patterns of palatalization in Japanese mimetic vocabulary and babytalk. Two experiments testing native speaker intuitions of these patterns revealed that both patterns exhibit place and manner asymmetries typical of cross-linguistic patterns of E-Pal. The cross-linguistic survey, the two experiments, and analysis of the origins and structural differences of E-Pal and P-Pal provide strong empirical and theoretical motivation to distinguish the two.

The Category Is . . . Opulence!

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Plaster
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The Cross ◽  
And Gender ◽  
A Performance

In recent years there has been a strong “public turn” within universities that is renewing interest in collaborative approaches to knowledge creation. This article draws on performance studies literature to explore the cross-disciplinary collaborations made possible when the academy broadens our scope of inquiry to include knowledge produced through performance. It takes as a case study the “Peabody Ballroom Experience,” an ongoing collaboration between the Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries, the Peabody Institute BFA Dance program, and Baltimore’s ballroom community—a performance-based arts culture comprising gay, lesbian, queer, transgender, and gender-nonconforming people of color.

scholarly journals Designing for People’s Safety on Flooded Streets: Uncertainties and the Influence of the Cross-Section Shape, Roughness and Slopes on Hazard Criteria

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2119
Author(s):  
Luís Mesquita David ◽  
Rita Fernandes de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Flood Flows ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Flooding Risk

Designing for exceedance events consists in designing a continuous route for overland flow to deal with flows exceeding the sewer system’s capacity and to mitigate flooding risk. A review is carried out here on flood safety/hazard criteria, which generally establish thresholds for the water depth and flood velocity, or a relationship between them. The effects of the cross-section shape, roughness and slope of streets in meeting the criteria are evaluated based on equations, graphical results and one case study. An expedited method for the verification of safety criteria based solely on flow is presented, saving efforts in detailing models and increasing confidence in the results from simplified models. The method is valid for 0.1 m2/s 0.5 m2/s. The results showed that a street with a 1.8% slope, 75 m1/3s−1 and a rectangular cross-section complies with the threshold 0.3 m2/s for twice the flow of a street with the same width but with a conventional cross-section shape. The flow will be four times greater for a 15% street slope. The results also highlighted that the flood flows can vary significantly along the streets depending on the sewers’ roughness and the flow transfers between the major and minor systems, such that the effort detailing a street’s cross-section must be balanced with all of the other sources of uncertainty.

scholarly journals Do Sibilants Fly? Evidence from a Sound Symbolic Pattern in Pokémon Names

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 386-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeto Kawahara ◽  
Mahayana C. Godoy ◽  
Gakuji Kumagai
Keyword(s):  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Research Paradigm ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Normal Type ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Japanese Speakers ◽  
Symbolic Value

AbstractAncient writers, including Socrates and the Upanishads, argued that sibilants are associated with the notions of wind, air and sky. From modern perspectives, these statements can be understood as an assertion about sound symbolism, i.e., systematic connections between sounds and meanings. Inspired by these writers, this article reports on an experiment that tests a sound symbolic value of sibilants. The experiment is a case study situated within the Pokémonastics research paradigm, in which the researchers explore the sound symbolic patterns in natural languages using Pokémon names. The current experiment shows that when presented with pairs of a flying-type Pokémon character and a normal-type Pokémon character, Japanese speakers are more likely to associate the flying-type Pokémons with names that contain sibilants than those names that do not contain sibilants. As was pointed out by Socrates, the sound symbolic connection identified in the experiment is likely to be grounded in the articulatory properties of sibilants – the large amount of oral airflow that accompanies the production of sibilants. Various implications of the current experiment for the sound symbolism research are discussed throughout the article.

scholarly journals A wug-shaped curve in sound symbolism: the case of Japanese Pokémon names

Phonology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-418
Author(s):  
Shigeto Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Japanese Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Evolution Status ◽  
Stochastic Optimality

An experiment showed that Japanese speakers’ judgement of Pokémons’ evolution status on the basis of nonce names is affected both by mora count and by the presence of a voiced obstruent. The effects of mora count are a case of counting cumulativity, and the interaction between the two factors a case of ganging-up cumulativity. Together, the patterns result in what Hayes (2020) calls ‘wug-shaped curves’, a quantitative signature predicted by MaxEnt. I show in this paper that the experimental results can indeed be successfully modelled with MaxEnt, and also that Stochastic Optimality Theory faces an interesting set of challenges. The study was inspired by a proposal made within formal phonology, and reveals important previously understudied aspects of sound symbolism. In addition, it demonstrates how cumulativity is manifested in linguistic patterns. The work here shows that formal phonology and research on sound symbolism can be mutually beneficial.

Affect and iconicity in phonological variation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Annette D'Onofrio ◽  
Penelope Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Phonological Variation ◽  
Sociolinguistic Variation ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Basic Level

Abstract The study of iconic properties of language has been marginalized in linguistics, with the assumption that iconicity, linked with expressivity, is external to the grammar. Yet iconicity plays an essential role in sociolinguistic variation. At a basic level, repetition and phonetic intensification can intensify the indexicality of variables. Iconicity plays a further role in variation in the form of sound symbolism, linking properties of sounds with attributes or objects. Production studies have shown some phonological variables exhibiting sound symbolism, particularly in the expression of affect. In some cases, the observation of sound symbolism has been largely interpretive. But in others, stylistic variability as a function of speaker affect has provided empirical evidence of iconicity. This article examines the role of iconicity and performativity in transcending the limits of reference, reviews iconicity in production studies, and provides experimental evidence that sound symbolism influences how listeners attribute affect to linguistic variation. (Variation, iconicity, affect)

scholarly journals The Perception of the Urbanized Areas in Case Study of the Town Rosice

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1557-1565
Author(s):  
Helena Lorencová ◽  
Marcela Gotzmannová
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Holy Trinity ◽  
Natural Components ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
The Town ◽  
Panoramic Views ◽  
The Way

This article deals with how the residents of the town Rosice perceive the surrounding landscape in aesthetic terms, how it affects them and which of the landscape components they find the most valuable and necessary to preserve for the next generations. This article briefly describes the essential characteristics as well as the landscape composition of the area in question. It summarizes the results of a sociological survey which was carried out in April 2015. The majority of respondents considered the town of Rosice to be a good place to liveand agreed that what they liked most were visual percepts of the area and the sites where panoramic views could be enjoyed. Those components which the residents of Rosice wished to preserve in the town of Rosice for the next generations is Chateau Rosice, Nejsvětější Trojice (the Holy Trinity) chapel, the Stone bridge, St. Martin’s church, and the way of the Cross leading to the Holy Trinity chapel. The natural components that the respondents frequently mentioned included Rosická Obora (deer‑park) wooded land, the park and garden adjacent to the Chateau, the way of the Cross lined with linden trees leading to the Holy Trinity chapel, and the river Bobrava. One of the most significant problems and threats to the countryside is, according to many respondents, the usurpation of land in the form of residential and commercial development.

scholarly journals CULTURAL OBSTACLE IN THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN NATIVE SPEAKER AND NON NATIVE SPEAKER IN ENGLISH.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
Sogimin Sogimin
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
English Learner ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
British People

This research describes the cultural obstacles in the communication oral and written between native speaker and non native speaker in English.  The obstacles of cultural is one of main obstacles in the  two peoples of communication in the different culural. The research,especially describes the one case of communication between Indonesian people and British people in the social media WhatsApp. The main data of the research is the communication transcript in the social media WhatsApp. Besides of that, the data comes from the interview with the responden.             The research is the case study of the Indonesian people and British people. The data analysis uses qualitative and descriptive method. The result of research shows the miscommunication from different cultural in English. This miscommunication not only caused of the skill of language(language competence) but also difference of cultural between of two peoples. Suggested  to the English learner that  not only learns in the languages aspects but also learns in the cultural aspects, because both of them coud not separate and interplay each others.

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