The Ultramontanism of Saint Boniface
Professor Becker has said “The migrations of the Teutonic tribes and the expansion of the Saracens together form the basis of the history of the Middle Ages.” The Muslim conquests of Persia, Egypt, North Africa and Spain from 634 to 713 wiped out the ancient sees of Ephesus, Antioch, Jerusalem, and Alexandria. Only Rome remained. The Saracens continued their advance over the Pyrenees and did not receive their first severe check until Charles Martel met and defeated them at Tours in 732. It was several more years however before Charles was able to regain Provence and secure Aquitaine against invasion.
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1996 ◽
Vol 59
(3)
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pp. 431-449
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2009 ◽
2009 ◽
2020 ◽
Vol 23
(2)
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pp. 423-446
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