دور التشريعات الجنائية السودانية في مكافحة جريمة الاغتصاب : دراسة تطبيقية مقارنة

This study tackles the issue of‘rape crime’ in 1991 Sudan Criminal laws in comparison with the 1974 & 1983 Sudan Criminal, 1983 Egyptian Criminal laws and the Islamic Jurisprudence. The study defines the linguistic meaning of the word ‘rape’, then it explains the particular use of the term among the scholars of Sharia and in the Sudanese and Egyptian Criminal laws as well as other Criminal laws. The study identifies the significant social, political, educational, and mass media factors that contribute to the prevalence of this criminal phenomenon. Plus, the study investigates some of the Sudanese court verdicts on rape crime, particularly those incredible, absurd and gross rape cases which arc absolutely alien to the Muslim community. The study explores all the legal factors of this crime and then the penalty prescribed in the 1991 Sudan Criminal laws in comparison with the 1974 & 1983 Sudan Criminal laws, 1983 Egyptian Criminal laws and the Islamic Jurisprudence. The study concludes that its absolutely necessary to implement the Islamic penalties [Hidudl in the Muslim communities. Also the study calls for the necessity of solving the relevant social and economic questions in the Muslim communities, propagation of the sound Islamic values, simplification of marriage ceremonies and brevention of harmful materials in mass media

Analysis of Factors Affecting Consumer Purchase Behavior: Study in Muslim communities who shop online through the Shopee Application

This study aims to determine and analyze what factors influence consumer buying behavior in the era of citizen 4.0 and the most dominant influences on consumer buying behavior in citizen 4.0. This research uses descriptive and explanatory survey methods. Sampling was carried out using the Accidental Sampling sample technique. The data analysis technique used is factor analysis. The findings of this study are factors such as availability and price factors, promotion factors, comfort factors, varieties and comparison factors, after-sales service factors, and connectivity factors that influence consumer purchasing behavior in the era of citizen 4.0. Besides that, variety and comparison factors are the most dominant factors affecting consumer buying behavior in the age of citizen 4.0, followed by availability and price factors, comfort factors, promotion factors, after-sales service factors, and connectivity factors.

The Islamic Concept of Happiness: Psychological Analysis

The article is devoted to the study of the Islamic concept of happiness from the standpoint of psychological science. Two approaches to the understanding of happiness, originating in Antiquity, are considered: hedonistic and eudemonistic; the cultural specifi city of happiness is investigated through the prism of ethnocultural values. It outlines the views on psychological health and well-being in Islam, as well as the views on social and individual predictors of happiness of medieval and modern Muslim scholars. The author concludes that the concept of happiness and the idea of it has its own specifi city in diff erent cultures. The concept of happiness among Muslims is directly related to their religious values and worldview, as well as to the peculiarities of ethnic culture. Since Muslim communities are collectivist, the happiness of an individual is seen as closely related to the public good. For a Muslim, the path to happiness is associated with improving his character and the formation of moral values and behavior. Modern Psychology and Psychotherapy are developing the ideas about moral psychology and the ways of its formation as the basis for the psychological wellbeing of an individual.

Muslimer och postmuslimer i Svenska kyrkan

The demographical changes during the last decades have created a sit­uation where Sweden has become one of the most secular and one of the most multireligious countries at the same time. This situation stands in stark contrast to the country's modern history in which its population have been largely homogeneous, and its religious landscape almost completely dominated by state-church Lutheranism. The growth of Sweden's Muslim population is what has caused most debate. According to calculations made by the Pew Research Center, one fifth of the country's total population is likely to be Muslim by 2050. This change also has consequences for the former state church, which now finds that also Muslims take part in its activities. In this article we present and analyze a novel survey-investigation on Muslims who self-identify as members of the Church of Sweden. In our analysis we differentiate between Muslims and what we call post-Muslims. While the former of these categories refers to those who self-identify as Muslims, the latter refers to people who do not refer to themselves as Muslims but who come from a Muslim family. These categories are mirrored by the Christians and post-Christians, who are selected by equivalent criteria. We conclude that most Muslims and post-Muslims have no affiliation to organized religious communities in Sweden and that among those who do, Christian churches are as important as the Muslim congregations. Among the churches, the Church of Sweden is the one in which most Muslims and post-Muslims are members. The Muslim and post-Muslim members of this church, we find, differ from each other. The Muslims are mostly Swedish-born 50–65-year-old women. They do not take part in any religious activities, and they celebrate Christian, but not Muslim, holidays. In terms of beliefs, they believe in a life after death, but mostly not in God or hell. The post-Muslims are mostly 30–49-year-old men who have come relatively recently to Sweden from the Middle East. They take part in congregational activities and celebrate both Muslim and Christian holidays. They also largely believe in God, a life after death, and hell. In terms of representation, they feel represented, primarily, by Muslim communities.

Poverty, wealth inequality, and financial inclusion among castes in Hindu and Muslim communities in Uttar Pradesh, India

This study estimates poverty, wealth inequality, and financial inclusion, for the first time, at the sub-caste level in both Hindus and Muslims using a unique survey data collected from 7124 households in Uttar Pradesh, India, during 2014-2015. The results confirm the existing hypothesis that Brahmins, Thakurs, and other Hindu general castes have higher wealth accumulation, lower poverty, and lesser exclusion from formal financial services than Dalits. Exclusion from formal financial services forces Dalits to depend primarily on informal financial sources for borrowing—which leads to financial misfortune and further dragging them into a vicious cycle of poverty.

The Recontextualization of the Spiritual Value Fasting in Improving the Body's Immune System During the Covid 19 Pandemic

<p>This study focuses on how the process of fasting in Ramadan and sunnah (Monday-Thursday) among Muslims can improve the immune system of practitioners and even affect their social life to practice sunnah fasting. The Corona Virus pandemic, which is still a global problem, not only has an impact on people's social lives, but also encourages many Muslim communities to look for alternative solutions to maintain the vitality of their bodies. Fasting is one method that is currently becoming a trend in society because it is believed by the community that this method is able to ward off various kinds of diseases, especially as exemplified by Prophet Muhammad and Prophet Musa. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that analyzes the practice of fasting in Ramadan and Monday-Thursday and its implications for the immune system. Data collection techniques used in this study were social observation and interviews with fasting practitioners. The analysis technique consists of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and levers. The results of this study indicate that fasting performed by Muslims is not only able to improve the quality of health but also mental condition because they have a sense of optimism about their condition, especially in the face of a pandemic.</p><p> <em>Penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana proses puasa Ramadhan dan sunah (Senin-Kamis) di kalangan umat Islam mampu meningkatkan sistem kekebalan para praktisi dan bahkan mempengaruhi kehidupan sosial mereka untuk menjalankan puasa sunnah. </em><em>Pandemi Virus Corona yang masih menjadi masalah global tidak hanya berdampak pada kehidupan sosial masyarakat, tetapi juga mendorong banyak komunitas Muslim untuk mencari solusi alternatif demi menjaga vitalitas tubuh mereka. Puasa merupakan salah satu metode yang saat ini menjadi tren masyarakat karena diyakini masyarakat bahwa metode ini mampu menangkal berbagai macam penyakit, terutama seperti yang dicontohkan Nabi Muhammad dan Nabi Musa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang menganalisis praktik puasa Ramadhan dan Senin-Kamis serta implikasinya terhadap sistem kekebalan tubuh. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi sosial dan wawancara dengan praktisi puasa. Teknik analisis terdiri atas pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa puasa yang dilakukan oleh umat Islam tidak hanya mampu meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan tetapi juga kondisi mental karena mereka memiliki rasa optimisme terhadap kondisi mereka, terutama dalam menghadapi pandemi</em><em>.</em></p>

Studying Islam and Its Adherents in Australian Universities

Islamic Studies is a relatively new, yet growing phenomenon in Australian universities. With an increased focus on Islam and Muslim in the age of War on Terror and with Australian Muslim population fast increasing, Islamic Studies is an important intellectual tool to better understand, Islam and Muslims and many challenges facing them. This paper is an investigation of the recent trends and developments in Islamic Studies as an academic discipline in Australian universities. This is an important intellectual task because Islamic Studies continues to play a significant role in Australian academia. The data were collected from literature review and are analysed descriptively. The findings of the study show that the intellectual tools developed in Islamic Studies can be deployed to build relationship between fragmented Muslim communities and between Muslims and non-Muslims particularly in multicultural Australia. Islamic Studies draws on a variety of fields making it a crossdiscipline. As such, it offer a rich and analytic investigation of world’s second largest religion and its multiple expressions. Australian universities offer Islamic studies ranging from undergraduate to postgraduate program. The topic studied include Islamic philosophy, jurisprudence, education, history, and Arabic.

Reflections on Certain Principles That May Guide a New Commentary (Tafsir) of the Qur’an

The author starts from his experience as a translator of the Qur’an to argue on the need for a new commentary. The aim of such a new approach would be to convey a vision of Islam more in tune with Islamic history. Further, this is also needed in relation to the substantial Muslim communities living outside of the Muslim world. Antecedents are important in this and especially those coming from the so-called literary moment in the 20th-century Qur’an commentary tradition. A new commentary should be conducted by a committee. Additionally, the second part of the paper explores this possibility and what this committee should take care of in this direction, such as gender-consciousness or environment questions.