P. CORNELIUS SCIPIO AND THE CAPTURE OF NEW CARTHAGE: THE TIDE, THE WIND AND OTHER FANTASIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-474
Author(s):  
J.H. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

In 209 b.c. P. Cornelius Scipio captured the city of New Carthage. The victory was crucial for the Roman war effort in Spain, and indeed in Italy too, but Scipio's campaign is especially memorable—and the subject of much debate—on account of the manner in which the city was taken. New Carthage had in effect been built on a peninsula, with the sea to the south and a lagoon to the north, and with a canal joining the two to the west. The city, therefore, could only be approached by land from the east; but, according to Polybius, Scipio had learnt from some fishermen that the lagoon was shallow and could be forded in most places and, moreover, that the waters in it usually receded each evening (10.8.7). It was this knowledge that Scipio exploited to take the city. But this same knowledge he also kept from his men (10.9.1, 10.9.4–5). In his address to his soldiers prior to the attack, Polybius says, Scipio told them that Poseidon had visited him in his sleep and had promised to assist the Romans in their operations in a way that would be apparent to all (10.11.7).

scholarly journals Cavanaugh: A Late Prehistoric Platform Mound in Western Arkansas

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
The South ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
The West ◽  
Arkansas River ◽  
The North ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Fort Smith ◽  
High Terrace ◽  
The City

Cavanaugh Mound (3SB3, also known as Etter's Mound, Jones Mound, Site Zeta, and occasionally misspelled Cavenaugh) is a largely intact Late Prehistoric platform mound on the Arkansas River just east of the Oklahoma border, about 14 km from the Spiro Mounds complex. The site is situated on a high terrace above the Arkansas River as it runs between the Ouachita Mountains to the south and the Ozarks to the north. The Poteau River enters the Arkansas River floodplain just west of Cavanaugh, creating one of the widest stretches of bottomland in the region. The area immediately around Cavanaugh Mound is now a residential neighborhood in the city of Fort Smith, and the mound itself is in a tiny lot with a church to the south, a trailer park to the east (named Indian Mounds Trailer Park), and a row of houses to the west. At about 60 m across and 9 m high, Cavanaugh Mound is one of the largest, if not the largest, prehistoric mound in the region. Very little has been published concerning this site, however, and very little formal archeological work has been done there. This article is partly intended to call attention to Cavanaugh Mound, and to compile all reports and descriptions of the mound in one publication. The first part of the article is therefore mostly descriptive. I also offer some tentative interpretations of the site and its possible relationship to the nearby Spiro and Skidgel sites. The size , shape, and stratigraphy of the mound all indicate that it was constructed and used in a manner similar to other Caddoan era platform mounds in the Arkansas River valley. The mound appears to be alone on the landscape, not connected to a group of surrounding mounds and not located within or near a contemporaneous settlement. It overlooks the Poteau/ Arkansas River bottoms to the west and was probably visible from both the Spiro and Skidgel sites in prehistoric times.

The Roman Wall

1932 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
J. J. R. Bridge
Keyword(s):  
Solid Rock ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Road ◽  
Simple Matter ◽  
The North ◽  
Bridge Abutment ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

In the first number of Greece and Rome Mr. Symonds reminded us that the bearing of art and archaeology on literature can be studied by visits to sites and museums, and suggested that ‘even a holiday expedition to the Roman Wall is not beyond the bounds of ambition’. Indeed, once Newcastle or Carlisle is reached the motor-car has made a trip to the Wall a simple matter. A cursory visit starting from Newcastle takes but a few hours. A twenty-mile drive over the West Turnpike, Wade's Road as it is popularly called, along the line of the Wall with the earthworks visible for most of the way and a fragment of the Wall itself to be seen not far from the city boundary, brings us to Chesters. Here is the camp, or more properly fort, of Cilurnum, the fort baths, the bridge abutment, and the museum. After Chesters we travel a further ten miles. A substantial length of the Wall is soon seen on the right, while the earthworks line both sides of the road for most of the way, and at Limestone Bank are cut through solid rock. Then with less than half a mile's walk across the fields we come to Housesteads. Here we can see the fort of Borcovicium (or Borcovicus), and then walk a few hundred yards to the west to see a milecastle and get the well-known view of the Wall at Cuddy's Crag. If the start is from Carlisle the mileage is more, Housesteads being about half-way to Newcastle but Chesters ten miles farther east. If we come from the south by road we may leave the North Road at Durham and travelling by Lanchester, Consett, and Corbridge (Corstopitum), join the West Turnpike at Portgate where the Roman Road of the first of the Antonine Itineraries passed through the Wall on its way to the Cheviots and Scotland: or we may turn off earlier and make for Teesdale and Alston, to join the West Turnpike three miles north of Haltwhistle.

VI.—Recent Discoveries in the Bodleian Library

Archaeologia ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 151-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. L. Myres
Keyword(s):  
Bodleian Library ◽  
The West ◽  
City Wall ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Divinity School ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

The group of medieval and seventeenth-century buildings which forms the subject of this paper lies in the centre of academic Oxford, between the site of the city wall on the north, Exeter College and its garden on the west and south, and the old Schools Quadrangle on the east. It constitutes indeed the heart of the medieval university. In writing to Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, on 14th July 1444 the authorities described the site as eminently suitable for a library because it was somewhat remote from secular noises. In spite of a marked increase in secular noises over the past 500 years in traffic-ridden Oxford, this description remains substantially true today. The buildings, erected then and later, remain in external appearance almost exactly as they are depicted in David Loggan's Oxonia Illustrate. of 1675 (pl. xxvii). They comprise the Divinity School, for which the university was already collecting money and laying the foundations in 1423 ; Duke Humphrey's Library, built over it in the forty-five years following the letter to Duke Humphrey of 1444; Arts End and the Proscholium added at right angles to the east by Sir Thomas Bodley in 1610–12; and Selden End with the Convocation House below, attached similarly to the west in 1637–40. The three upper rooms, Duke Humphrey, Selden End, Arts End, form the core of the ancient buildings of the Bodleian Library: they have been continuously in use for library purposes for between 320 and 360 years.

1. The Trigonometrical Survey of Palestine

1880 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 379-397
Author(s):  
Claude Reignier Conder
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mediterranean

The survey which forms the subject of the present paper extends over an area of 6000 square miles, bounded by the Jordan on the east, the Mediterranean on the west, the river Leontes and the springs of Jordan near Dan on the north, and the desert of Beersheba on the south. Within these limits a complete triangulation, with two bases each about four miles long, has been extended, and the whole of the country mapped to the scale of one inch to the mile. The work occupied five years in the field, and nearly three years more in preparing the results for publication.

The Chambered Barrow in Parc Le Breos Cwm, S. Wales

1937 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn Daniel
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Subject ◽  
G 11 ◽  
Happy Valley ◽  
Small Valley

Parc Le Breos House stands in the south and centre of the Gower peninsula in West Glamorgan, about a mile north-west of Parkmill and a mile north of Penmaen, two small villages on the main road from Swansea westwards to Port Eynon and Rhossili. In the extensive woods surrounding the house is a small valley leading from Llethrid in the north to Parkmill in the south, and variously known as Parc le Breos Cwm, Parc Cwm, Green Cwm, and Happy Valley. A rough track leads up this valley from Parkmill to Green Cwm cottage, and, immediately to the west of this track and a little over half-a-mile north-west of Parkmill is the chambered barrow which forms the subject of this paper. Iron railings run round the greater part of the barrow, and inside these railings the barrow is covered with a heavy growth of trees. The sides of the Cwm are heavily wooded but the valley bottom is free from trees and the barrow thus stands out very clearly. It lies about a mile and a half from the sea at Oxwich Bay, and a little over fifty feet above sea-level. It is in the parish of Penmaen and is marked as ‘Tumulus’ on the current 6 inch (Glam. 22 S.W.) and 1 inch (100 G 11) maps; it is number IOI on the recently published Map of South Wales showing the distribution of Long Barrows and Megaliths, and number 122 in Mr Grimes's recent paper in these Proceedings.

scholarly journals Iasos

1887 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 83-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City

To a traveller sailing over the Aegean from the West, and threading his course between the Sporades towards the Carian coast, two headlands would stand out as prominent landmarks, Mount Poseidion to the north and the city of Myndos to the south. Between these two points lies the middlemost of the three large bays into which the coastline of Caria is irregularly broken. And nearly in the innermost recess of this central bay —for the bay itself is subdivided into a number of lesser inlets—a little rocky island, of only a mile and a quarter in circumference, lies close to the Carian mainland, to which indeed in later days it has become united by a narrow isthmus. Upon this rocky islet, lurking as it were behind the shelter of inclosing shores, a Greek colony—from Argos, it was said—had early established itself. But in their struggle with the Carian natives, who resented their intrusion, the settlers experienced such reverses, that they were glad to invite the son of Neleus, the founder of Miletus, to come to their relief. This he did, and with important results; for this influx of Ionian settlers from Miletus, while it repaired the fortunes of the little colony, transformed lasos from a Dorian into an Ionian city.

scholarly journals El Castillo de La Atalaya (siglo XVIII), en Cartagena (Región de Murcia, España). Análisis formal y constructivo

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Carta ◽  
Diego Ros McDonnell ◽  
Pedro Enrique Collado Espejo
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
The North ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

The Atalaya Castle (eighteenth century), in Cartagena (Region of Murcia, Spain). Formal and constructive analysisThe Atalaya Castle (eighteenth century) is one of the military fortifications that were part of the defense of Cartagena. The defensive system of the period was composed of an important walled enclosure, which surrounded the city, the arsenal, and a group of fortresses outside the city wall, located on the nearby hills. One of these defensive constructions is the Atalaya Castle or Fort, located to the west of the city from its position it protected the population from attacks both by land and by sea. To the north and west by land, through the Almarjal and the Pelayo mountains, the south by sea covered the possible landings in the bays of the Algameca Grande and the Algameca Chica. The building is a magnificently construction, the fort has a pentagon ground plan with five bastions at each angle. It has an interior building in U arranged on a solid bastioned platform the whole complex is surrounded by a dry moat. The fortification present certain formal elements used in other constructions that had been lifted in the city at that time, circumstance gave unity to the whole. The materials consisted of employed mainly stone and brick, the constructive elements introduce certain heterogeneity. The purpose of the communication is to present the results of the comprehensive analysis carried out in the Atalaya Castle as well as to contribute, through its dissemination to raise awareness of the need for its restoration and enhancement. Research has studied the characteristics of the formal and constructive system of the fortification currently in a state of semiabandonment, a proposal has also been conducted for a new cultural use as a guarantee of its correct recovery and conservation.

The Goring Ox in Near Eastern Laws

1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuven Yaron
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Intrinsic Interest ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
Book Of The Covenant ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The City

I have chosen this particular topic for discussion not so much because of its intrinsic interest, but rather because of the opportunity it gives us to see ancient Near Eastern sources in their interrelationship. Let me commence with some words of introduction concerning the sources which will be considered. These are altogether four: the Laws of Eshnunna (LE), the Code of Hammurabi (CH), the biblical Book of the Covenant, and finally the Talmud. Between them they extend over some 2,000 years or more; nevertheless, it is my submission that not only may they be compared with profit, but even that there are some actual links which connect them.The city of Eshnunna is situated to the East of the Tigris, on the bank of its tributary, the Diyala. The kingdom occupied an important strategic position between Assyria (in the North), Babylon (in the West), Isin and Larsa (in the South), and Elam (in the East). Much of its history is as yet uncertain, and it is not my intention, nor am I competent, to trace the fluctuating fortunes of the kingdom, the victories and defeats of its rulers. Eshnunna finally fell victim to the expansionist policies pursued with success by Hammurabi of Babylon, during the fourth decade of his reign.

US and Russian policies and strategies in the Middle East: Iraq and Syria as a model

2019 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Esraa Aladdin Noori ◽  
Nasser Zain AlAbidine Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Western World ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

The Russian-American relations have undergone many stages of conflict and competition over cooperation that have left their mark on the international balance of power in the Middle East. The Iraqi and Syrian crises are a detailed development in the Middle East region. The Middle East region has allowed some regional and international conflicts to intensify, with the expansion of the geopolitical circle, which, if applied strategically to the Middle East region, covers the area between Afghanistan and East Asia, From the north to the Maghreb to the west and to the Sudan and the Greater Sahara to the south, its strategic importance will seem clear. It is the main lifeline of the Western world.

scholarly journals Gitksan

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Brown ◽  
Henry Davis ◽  
Michael Schwan ◽  
Barbara Sennott
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

Gitksan (git) is an Interior Tsimshianic language spoken in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is closely related to Nisga'a, and more distantly related to Coast Tsimshian and Southern Tsimshian. The specific dialect of Gitksan presented here is what can be called Eastern Gitksan, spoken in the villages of Kispiox (Ansbayaxw), Glen Vowell (Sigit'ox), and Hazelton (Git-an'maaxs), which contrasts with the Western dialects, spoken in the villages of Kitwanga (Gitwingax), Gitanyow (Git-anyaaw), and Kitseguecla (Gijigyukwhla). The primary phonological differences between the dialects are a lexical shift in vowels and the presence of stop lenition in the Eastern dialects. While there exists a dialect continuum, the primary cultural and political distinction drawn is between Eastern and Western Gitksan. For reference, Gitksan is bordered on the west by Nisga'a, in the south by Coast Tsimshian and Witsuwit'en, in the east by Dakelh and Sekani, and in the north by Tahltan (the latter four of these being Athabaskan languages).

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