The Choice of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) Varieties by Smallholders in South-east Tanzania. I. Observations on Different Varieties

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Preston ◽  
J. H. Simons ◽  
B. R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Short Season

SUMMARYSmallholders in south-east Tanzania grow the groundnut Red Mwitunde (Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea), a long-season variety with seed dormancy, although earlier maturing varieties with no seed dormancy (ssp. hypogaea and fastigiata) usually yielded better in trials, particularly when late sown. Small-seeded, short-season varieties established better in the field than Red Mwitunde and other large-seeded varieties, especially under moisture stress. Trials with selective fungicides to estimate yield losses from leafspots (mainly Cercosporidium personatum) and rust (Puccinia arachidis), jointly and separately, showed no consistent varietal differences.

Ultrastructure of the Initial Interaction of Puccinia arachidis and Cercosporidium personatum with Leaves of Arachis hypogaea and Arachis stenosperma

2010 ◽  
Vol 158 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 792-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Cristina De Macedo Leal-Bertioli ◽  
Marcelo Picanço De Farias ◽  
Pedro Íalo Tanno Silva ◽  
Patricia Messenberg Guimarães ◽  
Ana Cristina Miranda Brasileiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Initial Interaction

scholarly journals Evaluation of Improved Valencia Peanut Varieties for Production in Haiti

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A.M. Fulmer ◽  
T.B. Brenneman ◽  
R.C. Kemerait ◽  
R. Macajoux ◽  
D.A. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT Late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) and peanut rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the most important diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Haiti. Traditional Haitian peanut varieties are not only susceptible to these diseases but are also typically grown without benefit of a fungicide program. Five trials were conducted from 2015 to 2017 to evaluate the performance of six Valencia varieties in Quartier-Morin, Haiti (with an additional trial in 2017 at the Central Plateau) with respect to yield, resistance to rust and leaf spot diseases, and response to a fungicide program. A split-plot design with four or six replications was used in these studies. In each, “variety” was the whole plot and presence or absence of a fungicide program was the subplot. Valencia market types 309 Red, 309 Tan, M2, M3, SGV0801 and a local landrace were compared with and without Muscle ADV (tebuconazole + chlorothalonil, Sipcam) (2.3 L/ha) applied at 45, 60 and 75 days after planting (DAP). Final disease ratings (late leaf spot and peanut rust) were assessed approximately 94 DAP and plots were harvested the day following. In all trials, 309 Tan variety had the least amount of leaf spot and rust, but resulted in the lowest yield in four out of five trials, averaging 1727 kg/ha across fungicide treatments. M3, M2 and 309 Red were generally the numerically highest-yielding varieties, averaging 2906, 2864 and 2541 kg/ha across fungicide treatments, respectively, but were not statistically higher than the local Haitian Valencia, averaging 2374 kg/ha. Three fungicide applications during the season significantly increased yields in most trials for all varieties except 309 Tan. The highest and lowest average increase in yield from fungicide was for 309 Red (1126 kg/ha) and 309 Tan (103 kg/ha), respectively. The results from this study conducted over 2 years and 4 seasons document that while resistance to late leaf spot and rust is available in Valencia varieties, yield potential is not directly associated with that resistance. Also, use of fungicide improves yield potential in more susceptible varieties.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance of a Spanish and Runner Cultivar Harvested at Six Different Digging Intervals1

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Mixon ◽  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Seed Market ◽  
Short Season

Abstract In a three year study (1980–1982) at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia, the full-season Florunner and the short-season Pronto cultivars were harvested at six 10-day intervals beginning 90 days after planting. For the 3-year average, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants from Florunner harvested at 110 and each succeeding 10-day growth period up to 140 days produced greater pod yields, sound-mature kernels, large and jumbo seed, and greater calculated market value than Pronto. However, seed market grade components and maturity indexes reflecting quality and maturity were impaired when peanuts were dug too early and varied among years and growth periods.

Biology and management of Echinochloa colona and E. crus-galli in the northern grain regions of Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Shabbir ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Michael J. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Fallow Management ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Wide Range

Echinochloa colona and E. crus-galli are two important annual grass weeds distributed throughout the summer cropping regions of Australia. Both species are highly problematic weeds, responsible for yield losses of up to 50% in summer grain crops. The success of Echinochloa species as weeds is attributed to their rapid growth, prolific seed production, seed dormancy and adaptability to a wide range of environments. Importantly, E. colona has evolved resistance to glyphosate in Australia, with resistant populations now widespread across the summer cropping regions. Fallow management of E. colona with glyphosate alone is risky in terms of increasing the chance of resistance and highly unsustainable; other control strategies (residual herbicides, strategic tillage, etc.) should be considered to complement herbicides. This review provides a summary of current information on the biology, ecology and management of Echinochloa species. The knowledge gaps and research opportunities identified will have pragmatic implications for the management of these species in Australian grain cropping systems.

Applications of Mixtures of Copper Fungicides and Chlorothalonil for Management of Peanut Leaf Spot Diseases

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
R. C. Kemerait
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Copper Fungicides

Management of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in the southeastern U.S. is dependent upon multiple applications of foliar fungicides. Field experiments were conducted from 1997 to 2000 to compare the efficacy of mixtures of copper hydroxide or copper oxychloride and reduced rates of chlorothalonil with that of full rates of chlorothalonil alone or chlorothalonil + propiconazole. In all tests, rates per ha of 0.70 kg of chlorothalonil + 0.70 kg of copper oxychloride or higher provided leaf spot control that was similar (P > 0.05) to that achieved with standard rates of chlorothalonil (0.84 kg/ha) + propiconazole (0.063 kg/ha). Application of chlorothalonil at 0.56 kg/ha + copper oxychloride at 0.56 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as (P > 0.05) chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha in five of six tests in which that treatment was evaluated. In three of four tests in 1998 and 1999, application of chlorothalonil at 0.63 kg/ha + copper hydroxide at 0.63 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha. In both tests in 2000, application of chlorothalonil at 0.84 kg/ha + copper hydroxide at 0.63 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha. There were no consistent yield differences among the chlorothalonil, chlorothalonil + propiconazole, or chlorothalonil + copper treatments. Accepted for publication 8 November 2001. Published 16 November 2001.

scholarly journals Resistance to Rust and Late Leafspot Diseases in Some Genotypes of Arachis hypogaea1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Subrahmanyam ◽  
D. McDonald ◽  
R. W. Gibbons ◽  
S. N. Nigam ◽  
D. J. Nevill
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Lesion Diameter ◽  
Multiple Disease Resistance

Abstract Resistance to rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) and late leafspot (Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton) in some peanut genotypes was studied under field conditions. Late leafspot development was also assessed in the glasshouse and the parameters lesion diameter, defoliation percentage and sporulation gave highly significant correlations with the field disease scores. Several genotypes were found to be resistant to both rust and late leafspot and should be useful sources of multiple disease-resistance in a breeding program.

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