Ultrastructure of the Initial Interaction of Puccinia arachidis and Cercosporidium personatum with Leaves of Arachis hypogaea and Arachis stenosperma

2010 ◽  
Vol 158 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 792-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Cristina De Macedo Leal-Bertioli ◽  
Marcelo Picanço De Farias ◽  
Pedro Íalo Tanno Silva ◽  
Patricia Messenberg Guimarães ◽  
Ana Cristina Miranda Brasileiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Initial Interaction

The Choice of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) Varieties by Smallholders in South-east Tanzania. I. Observations on Different Varieties

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Preston ◽  
J. H. Simons ◽  
B. R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Short Season

SUMMARYSmallholders in south-east Tanzania grow the groundnut Red Mwitunde (Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea), a long-season variety with seed dormancy, although earlier maturing varieties with no seed dormancy (ssp. hypogaea and fastigiata) usually yielded better in trials, particularly when late sown. Small-seeded, short-season varieties established better in the field than Red Mwitunde and other large-seeded varieties, especially under moisture stress. Trials with selective fungicides to estimate yield losses from leafspots (mainly Cercosporidium personatum) and rust (Puccinia arachidis), jointly and separately, showed no consistent varietal differences.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Improved Valencia Peanut Varieties for Production in Haiti

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A.M. Fulmer ◽  
T.B. Brenneman ◽  
R.C. Kemerait ◽  
R. Macajoux ◽  
D.A. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT Late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) and peanut rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the most important diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Haiti. Traditional Haitian peanut varieties are not only susceptible to these diseases but are also typically grown without benefit of a fungicide program. Five trials were conducted from 2015 to 2017 to evaluate the performance of six Valencia varieties in Quartier-Morin, Haiti (with an additional trial in 2017 at the Central Plateau) with respect to yield, resistance to rust and leaf spot diseases, and response to a fungicide program. A split-plot design with four or six replications was used in these studies. In each, “variety” was the whole plot and presence or absence of a fungicide program was the subplot. Valencia market types 309 Red, 309 Tan, M2, M3, SGV0801 and a local landrace were compared with and without Muscle ADV (tebuconazole + chlorothalonil, Sipcam) (2.3 L/ha) applied at 45, 60 and 75 days after planting (DAP). Final disease ratings (late leaf spot and peanut rust) were assessed approximately 94 DAP and plots were harvested the day following. In all trials, 309 Tan variety had the least amount of leaf spot and rust, but resulted in the lowest yield in four out of five trials, averaging 1727 kg/ha across fungicide treatments. M3, M2 and 309 Red were generally the numerically highest-yielding varieties, averaging 2906, 2864 and 2541 kg/ha across fungicide treatments, respectively, but were not statistically higher than the local Haitian Valencia, averaging 2374 kg/ha. Three fungicide applications during the season significantly increased yields in most trials for all varieties except 309 Tan. The highest and lowest average increase in yield from fungicide was for 309 Red (1126 kg/ha) and 309 Tan (103 kg/ha), respectively. The results from this study conducted over 2 years and 4 seasons document that while resistance to late leaf spot and rust is available in Valencia varieties, yield potential is not directly associated with that resistance. Also, use of fungicide improves yield potential in more susceptible varieties.

Applications of Mixtures of Copper Fungicides and Chlorothalonil for Management of Peanut Leaf Spot Diseases

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
R. C. Kemerait
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Copper Fungicides

Management of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in the southeastern U.S. is dependent upon multiple applications of foliar fungicides. Field experiments were conducted from 1997 to 2000 to compare the efficacy of mixtures of copper hydroxide or copper oxychloride and reduced rates of chlorothalonil with that of full rates of chlorothalonil alone or chlorothalonil + propiconazole. In all tests, rates per ha of 0.70 kg of chlorothalonil + 0.70 kg of copper oxychloride or higher provided leaf spot control that was similar (P > 0.05) to that achieved with standard rates of chlorothalonil (0.84 kg/ha) + propiconazole (0.063 kg/ha). Application of chlorothalonil at 0.56 kg/ha + copper oxychloride at 0.56 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as (P > 0.05) chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha in five of six tests in which that treatment was evaluated. In three of four tests in 1998 and 1999, application of chlorothalonil at 0.63 kg/ha + copper hydroxide at 0.63 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha. In both tests in 2000, application of chlorothalonil at 0.84 kg/ha + copper hydroxide at 0.63 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha. There were no consistent yield differences among the chlorothalonil, chlorothalonil + propiconazole, or chlorothalonil + copper treatments. Accepted for publication 8 November 2001. Published 16 November 2001.

scholarly journals Resistance to Rust and Late Leafspot Diseases in Some Genotypes of Arachis hypogaea1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Subrahmanyam ◽  
D. McDonald ◽  
R. W. Gibbons ◽  
S. N. Nigam ◽  
D. J. Nevill
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Lesion Diameter ◽  
Multiple Disease Resistance

Abstract Resistance to rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) and late leafspot (Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton) in some peanut genotypes was studied under field conditions. Late leafspot development was also assessed in the glasshouse and the parameters lesion diameter, defoliation percentage and sporulation gave highly significant correlations with the field disease scores. Several genotypes were found to be resistant to both rust and late leafspot and should be useful sources of multiple disease-resistance in a breeding program.

scholarly journals Produtividade, estabilidade e adaptabilidade de cultivares de amendoim em três níveis de controle de doenças foliares

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1183-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignácio José de Godoy ◽  
Sérgio Almeida de Moraes ◽  
Walter José Siqueira ◽  
José Carlos Vila Nova Alves Pereira ◽  
Antonio Lúcio de Mello Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo, a estabilidade da produção e a adaptabilidade de três cultivares de amendoim em diversos ambientes típicos de cultivo e severidade das doenças foliares que podem ocorrer no Estado de São Paulo. Foram avaliadas as cultivares Tatu, Florunner e IAC-Caiapó sob três níveis de controle de doenças foliares, em experimentos onde as doenças predominantes foram a mancha-preta (Cercosporidium personatum) e a ferrugem (Puccinia arachidis). Os experimentos utilizaram delineamento em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições, em subparcelas de quatro linhas de 5 m de comprimento. As parcelas principais consistiram de controle químico com duas ou quatro pulverizações, e um tratamento sem controle das doenças. Estimaram-se, também, a estabilidade e adaptabilidade entre os ambientes, dentro de cada nível de controle das doenças. A cultivar Florunner mostrou as maiores respostas ao controle químico, em relação à produtividade e adaptabilidade aos ambientes onde as doenças foram bem controladas. As cultivares Tatu e IAC-Caiapó apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes em resposta ao controle das doenças e superaram a cultivar Florunner em produtividade, na qual a pressão das doenças foi maior. A cultivar IAC-Caiapó mostrou produtividade, maior que a da cultivar Tatu e desempenho produtivo mais estável (previsível) do que as outras cultivares, nos três níveis de controle das doenças.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Urediniospore Production and Germinability in Puccinia arachidis1

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
P. V. Subba Rao ◽  
P. Subrahmanyam ◽  
D. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Detached Leaves

Abstract Effect of temperature on urediniospore production in Puccinia arachidis was investigated under monocyclic infection using detached leaves of the susceptible peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar TMV 2. Urediniospores produced at different temperatures were also examined for their germinability in vitro. The optimal temperature for urediniospore production was at about 20 and 25 C. Temperatures below 20 C or above 30 C were highly detrimental to urediniospore production. There were also marked differences in the percent germination of urediniospores produced at different temperatures. Urediniospores produced at 20 and 25 C showed the highest germination percentages. The interaction of temperature with urediniospore production and germinability is important in understanding the development of peanut rust epidemics.

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