Effect of crop residue management in a rice–wheat cropping system on growth and yield of crops and on soil fertility

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. PRASAD ◽  
B. GANGAIAH ◽  
K. C. AIPE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Residue Management ◽  
Residue Incorporation

Crop residue management is posing a serious problem in the rice (Oryza sativa)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system, which is widely practised in the Indian Subcontinent and China, and covers about 22.5 × 106 ha. The problem is serious because there is very little turn-around time between rice harvest and wheat sowing. Three practices, namely, residue removal, residue burning and residue incorporation were compared in two field experiments, one with the rice residues and the other with the wheat residues. Results obtained showed that both rice and wheat residues can be safely incorporated without any detrimental effects on the crops of rice or wheat grown immediately after incorporation. Incorporation of crop residue also improved soil fertility status as judged by organic carbon and available phosphorus and potassium contents. Residue incorporation should be preferred over residue burning, which results in the loss of valuable plant nutrients and is both an environmental and a health hazard.

scholarly journals Tillage, Crop Rotation and Crop Residue Management Effects on Nutrient Availability in a Sweet Sorghum-Based Cropping System in Marginal Soils of South Africa

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashapa E. Malobane ◽  
Adornis D. Nciizah ◽  
Fhatuwani N. Mudau ◽  
Isaiah I.C Wakindiki
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Crop Residue Management ◽  
No Till ◽  
Marginal Soils ◽  
Residue Retention

The low soil fertility status of South African marginal soils threatens sustainable production of biofuel feedstock in smallholder farmers. It is therefore imperative to development sustainable and optimal management practices that improve soil fertility. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tillage, rotation and crop residue management on nutrient availability in a bioenergy sweet sorghum-based cropping system in marginal soils. Two tillage levels, no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT); two crop rotations, sweet sorghum–grazing vetch–sweet sorghum (SVS) and sweet sorghum–fallow–sweet sorghum (SFS); and three crop residue retention levels, 0%, 15% and 30%, were tested. No-till enhanced total nitrogen, total organic nitrogen (TON), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) by 3.19% to 45% compared to CT. SVS rotation increased ammonium (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3−-N) by 3.42% to 5.98% compared to SFS. A 30% crop residue retention increased NH4+-N, NO3−-N, available phosphorus (Available P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), calcium (Ca), Mg and potassium (K) by 3.58% to 31.94% compared to crop residue removal. In the short term, a 30% crop residue retention was the main treatment that enhanced soil fertility. The application of NT−30% was a better practice to enhance soil fertility. However, research on inclusion of crop diversity/intercropping can add more value to the NT–30% practice in enhancing soil fertility.

scholarly journals Energy use pattern of diversified cropping systems under different nutrient and crop residue management practices in Eastern Indo-Gangetic plain

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1061
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
◽  
S. Mitra ◽  
A. Bera ◽  
M.R. Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Crop Residue Management

Aim: Assessment of energy input output relationship, greenhouse gases emission and carbon footprint of diversified jute-rice cropping systems under different nutrients and crop residue management practices. Methodology: The inventory was prepared for all inputs required for crop cultivation and outputs of crops in cropping systems. These inputs and outputs were converted into energy by multiplying with energy equivalent coefficient and CO2 emission coefficient following standard procedure. Results: Jute-rice-baby corn cropping system recorded significantly higher net energy (324 GJ ha-1) and energy use efficiency (8.02). Among different nutrient and crop management (NCRM) practices, significantly higher energy output (336.9 GJ ha-1) and net energy (291.4 GJ ha-1) recorded 100% NPK with crop residue. The highest carbon footprint recorded with rice-rice (0.44 kg COe kg-1 economic yield) and the lowestwith jute-rice-pea (0.29 kg COe kg-1 economic yield) cropping system. Among different NCRM practices, higher carbon footprint was (0.38 kg COe kg-1 economic yield) recorded with 100% NPK with crop residue. Interpretation: The energy efficient and low input required cropping systems which include legume crops like garden pea and mungbean should be considered for cultivation for diversifying the existing rice-rice cropping system in Eastern India.

scholarly journals Crop Residue Management under Changing Climate Scenario

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jubuli Sahu ◽  
Muneswar Prasad ◽  
Raghubar Sahu ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Crop Residue Management

An effort has been made to study the effect of climate change on crop residues and need of crop residue management in present environmental condition. Crop residue management as an important practiced in the rice–wheat cropping system. In present condition, cropping season is shifted according to changing rainfall pattern. In case of wheat and rice-based cropping system, there is a chance of crop loss due to occurrence of rainfall at harvesting stage so, to cope with that situation combine harvesters become more popularize among farmers because of effective harvesting in less time, less effort and minimum labour cost. But it lefts a huge amount of loose straw in their field and farmers face difficulties in the disposal of huge straw in the field in short time has compelled to go for crop residue burning to save time as well labour. Farmers can use that residues in vermi-composting, can be fed to animals after urea treatment etc. without burning. In recent year 30-40% maize crop have been damaged due to hailstorm at its grain filling stage so these residues can be used in making silage. Removal of straw or stover can result in significant loss of soil organic carbon (SOC). If they are used as bedding for livestock, then much of the carbon may be returned to the soil as manure (Lal et al., 1998). When crop-residue is incorporated into soil, the soil’s physical properties and its water-holding capacity are enhanced. Unlike in earlier conservation farming systems wherein retained stubble was mulched and slashed, now it is mostly burned by the farmers. Vermicomposting, waste decomposer, Green Manuring, use of zero tillage machine, silage making and urea treated straw are the best option to crop residue management. The study aimed to examine the present status of crop residue management of major crops and its impact on farmers’ livelihood covering eleven blocks in Banka district of Bihar.

scholarly journals Benefits of Circular Agriculture for Cropping Systems and Soil Fertility in Oases

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4713
Author(s):  
Mustapha El Janati ◽  
Nouraya Akkal-Corfini ◽  
Ahmed Bouaziz ◽  
Abdallah Oukarroum ◽  
Paul Robin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Type I ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
System Sustainability

Circular agriculture is an effective approach for the management of soil organic inputs that improves soil fertility and cropping system sustainability. We developed a cropping system typology and assessed effects of crop rotation, organic fertilization, and crop residue management on soil fertility properties. Farmers in Drâa-Tafilalet oases in Morocco were surveyed, and soil was sampled and analyzed. In the most common cropping systems (Type I), date palms were associated with cereals, forages, and perennial crops. Type II cropping systems referred to a monocropped date palm of only one cultivar. In Type III, date palm was associated with other crops on part of the utilized agricultural area and monocropped on the other part. In all cropping systems, mean soil organic matter (SOM) content was less than 1.5% and the SOM:clay ratio was less than 12%, which increased the soil degradation risk. Livestock was combined with crops in Type I and III cropping systems and produced 19.4 and 24.2 t of manure per farm per year, respectively. Type I and II cropping systems produced annually 0.98 and 2.1 t.ha−1 of dry palms, respectively. Recycling these organic waste products remains a promising option that could produce organic inputs and offset the current lack of manure.

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