scholarly journals A failure to induce heritable changes in four generations of the White Leghorn chicken by inter- and intra-specific blood transfusion

1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Kosin ◽  
Masaru Kato
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Plumage Colour ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Injection Period ◽  
White Leghorn Chicken ◽  
Egg Shell

1. A three-year study was conducted to test the efficacy of inter- and intra-specific blood transfusions in domestic poultry for inducing heritable changes in the recipients. The latter were pure-bred White Leghorns. Pure-bred Broad Breasted Bronze turkeys and New Hampshire chickens served as blood donors to two distinct lines of recipients. All injections started when the recipient chicks were 2–5 days old. Altogether, more than 3000 chicks from blood injected lines were involved in the study, conducted between 1959 and 1961 and distributed between the parental and three subsequent generations. Each injected chick received a total of some 155 ml. of whole blood in the course of a five-month injection period. An adequate number of control (non-injected) birds was used throughout. Observations were made on plumage colour, body-weight, egg-weight, egg-shell colour, fertility and hatchability. Furthermore, blood plasma and muscle tissue of appropriate birds were subjected to immunological, chromatographic and electrophoretic analyses.2. On the basis of all these criteria, no evidence of heritable shifts in the direction of the donor organism was discerned among birds belonging to either of the two treated lines.

scholarly journals A production trial with layers of four hybrids under different environmental conditions in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
H. Appelman ◽  
B.J. Bonhof
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Food Consumed

161 Australorp X Rhode Island Red (RIR) X New Hampshire (NH) and 166 White Leghorn (WL) imported fowls were kept in insulated housing; 161 Australorp X RIR X NH, 166 WL, 154 RIR X WL and 148 RIR X NH X RIR fowls were kept in open houses. In the 6 groups resp., live weight at 126 days of age averaged 1602, 1227, 1578, 1234, 1397 and 1539 g, food consumption 4.02, 4.49, 4.03, 4.47, 4.25 and 4.17 kg/kg gain, overall laying percentage 56.6, 56.4, 52.5, 53.4, 55.0 and 37.5, egg production/hen 202, 201, 188, 191, 196 and 134, and egg weight 56.3, 56.3, 55.0, 55.8, 55.0 and 57.5 g. Egg mass averaged 1335, 1323, 1191, 1151, 1126 and 796 kg and food consumed/kg eggs produced 3.68, 3.53, 3.71, 3.25, 3.37 and 4.74 kg. Live weight at 16 mth of age averaged 2894, 2040, 2665, 1874, 2132 and 2517 g, and mortality 12.8, 11.1, 33.6, 43.5, 52.8 and 50.4%. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

THE EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF NICARBAZIN ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LEESON ◽  
L. J. CASTON ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Egg Shell

Three experiments were undertaken to investigate the coccidiostat, nicarbazin, on reproductive performance of layers. In trial 1, levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 125, and 200 ppm nicarbazin were fed to White leghorn laying hens for 5 wk. By the 2nd week of nicarbazin treatment, egg production was significantly reduced in birds fed 125 and 200 ppm (P < 0.05). Similarly, increasing levels of nicarbazin resulted in decreasing egg weights (P < 0.01) and feed intake was significantly decreased. However, by the 2nd week post-nicarbazin treatment, egg production, egg weight, and feed intake had returned to normal. Nicarbazin had no effect on egg shell deformation or body weight. Nicarbazin had a marked effect on hatchability; levels of 125 and 200 ppm reduced hatchability significantly (P < 0.01) as well as producing an increased incidence of malpositions and malformations. When nicarbazin was withdrawn from the diet, hatchability returned to pretreatment values although malpositions and malformations were still in evidence. Experiments 2 and 3 were designed to study the effect of nicarbazin on production of brown-shelled eggs. In the 2nd experiment 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 ppm of dietary nicarbazin resulted in significant loss of shell color at 20 and 40 ppm, whereas in exp. 3 with levels of 0, 80, 125, and 200 ppm, brown eggs lost virtually all their color. It is concluded that the adult White Leghorn bird can tolerate up to 125 ppm nicarbazin without significant (P < 0.01) loss of reproductive performance although lower levels show a trend for reduced production. Hatchability is depressed with nicarbazin levels in excess of 80 ppm, while trace levels will produce a visual loss of color in brown-shelled eggs. Key words: Layer, coccidiostat, reproductive performance

Utilization of heterosis in poultry

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
FHW Morley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Additive Genetic Variation ◽  
White Leghorns ◽  
Recessive Genes

Records were analysed of 500-day production, egg weight, 11-week and mature body weight, sex maturity, and broodiness of the crossbred progeny of inbred lines of Australorps mated to White Leghorns, and inbred lines of White Leghorns mated to Australorps. Clear differences between lines of both breeds mere found in most characters, indicating the presence of potentially useful amounts of additive genetic variation. Non-additive genetic variation was also found to be present in varying degrees in different characters. Because of the difficulties of developing and maintaining inbred stocks of poultry, and the importance of sex-linked characteristics in some commercial environments, a scheme is proposed which may enable heterosis to be exploited without the use of inbred material. The basis of this scheme is the combination of the White Leghorn sex chromosome, with varying proportions of Australorp and White Leghorn autosomes, in a new breed. Assuming that the heterosis observed in the F1 is due to elimination of certain biochemical blocks determined by recessive genes, the formation of the new breed should enable the methods of closed flock breeding to be used in material at a higher level of production, and likely to contain more genetic variability, than either parent breed.

SUBSTITUTION OF SORGHUM FOR WHEAT IN DIETS FOR LAYING HENS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. GARDINER ◽  
D. J. MAJOR ◽  
S. DUBETZ
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Single Comb

The effects of substituting various levels of sorghum for wheat in diets for laying hens were studied. Egg production, egg weight, feed consumption, body weight and hatchability of eggs from Single Comb White Leghorn hens were not affected by the proportion of sorghum in the diet. Key words: Sorghum, wheat, nutrition, egg production

Upgrading the indigenous poultry of Uganda IV. Egg production

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-227
Author(s):  
J. C. M. Trail
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Egg Production Rate

Data on egg production, egg weight, food consumption, broodiness, mortality and body weights of the progeny of indigenous poultry of Uganda crossed with Light Sussex, White Leghorn, Rhode Island Red and Black Australorp breeds were collected collected over the 25-week period from 161 to 336 days of age and compared with the performances of indigenous poultry.In comparison with the indigenous birds, the cross-breeds had a 61% higher mean egg production rate, a 34% lower food consumption per pound of eggs produced, a 15% higher egg weight, a 30% reduction in mortality, a 23% increase in body weight and a decrease in broodiness.All the cross-breeds were superior in productive respects to the indigenous birds and the White Leghorn and Light Sussex breeds appeared to be the best for use in the upgrading of indigenous stock for highest egg production results.

scholarly journals Effects of consecutive thiouracil exposures in the juvenile and adult single comb White Leghorn chicken on body weight and reproductive performance

1997 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
ED Peebles ◽  
EH Miller ◽  
CR Boyle ◽  
JD Brake ◽  
MA Latour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
White Leghorn Chicken ◽  
Single Comb

THE EFFECT OF PHASE-FEEDING ON EGG PRODUCTION AND EGG QUALITY OF WINTER-HOUSED WHITE LEGHORN HENS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. CAVE ◽  
R. M. G. HAMILTON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Variable Effect

Two experiments with nine strains of Single Comb White Leghorn hens were conducted to compare laying house performance of hens given a diet of uniform protein content or a phase-feeding diet in which protein content was reduced from 156 to 148 and then to 140 g/kg at 273 and 414, or 273 and 384 days of age. Performance criteria were egg production, feed and protein intake, egg, quality, egg weight, mortality and body weight. Phase-feeding allowed reductions of 4.2 and 4.3% in protein consumption without reducing egg production, mortality or, except in one strain, body weight. There was an increase of 0.5% in feed consumption, but feed cost was reduced by 1.3%. Phase-feeding increased Haugh units by 0.3% and decreased specific gravity of eggs in one experiment, decreased percent visibly-cracked eggs in the other experiment and had no effect on percent blood spots. Depending on strain, phase-feeding had a variable effect on egg weight in exp. 1 but had no effect in the second experiment. Key words: Phase-feeding, protein utilization, egg production, hen

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