Cytological location and lethal interactions of three Minute loci in chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster

SUMMARYUsing seven newly induced duplications, three Minute loci have been located cytologically: M(3)hS 37 in 65F10–11; 66A (a new Minute locus), M(3)i in 67C, and M(3)hy in 68F; 69F. M(3)hS 37 and M(3)hy were previously thought to be allelic because they do not complement for lethality. The finding of Minute mutations with additive or synergistic rather than epistatic interactions makes us suspect that some other Minute mutations have been erroneously called allelic. The involvement of Minute loci in more than one biochemical pathway is discussed in view of the existence of synergistic interactions and of Minute loci without known mutant alleles.

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DEFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF THE TIP OF CHROMOSOME 3R IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/112.3.539 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 112 (3) ◽

pp. 539-550

Author(s):

Kritaya Kongsuwan ◽

Robert P Dellavalle ◽

John R Merriam

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Genetic Manipulation ◽

Chromosome Analysis ◽

Chromosome 3 ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Number Of Genes ◽

The Right ◽

Minute Mutations

ABSTRACT Region 98EF-100F in chromosome 3 is interesting for genetic analysis because it contains a number of genes of developmental importance. Although there are no preexisting simple deficiency stocks, this region is amenable to genetic manipulation using other types of rearrangements. In the present investigation we obtained deficiencies by combining the terminal deficiencies formed by segregation of Y;3 translocations with a series of duplications of the tip of 3R, both from Y;3 translocations with different breakpoints and from 3;1 duplications in which the 3R tip is carried as a second arm on the X chromosome. Analysis of such synthetic deficiencies reveals five haplo-abnormal loci in the 98A-100F interval. These include a haplolethal site, a newly described Minute and three previously reported Minute mutations. The newly discovered Minute has been designated M(3)99D and is localized cytologically to bands 99D1-9. The three previously reported Minute loci in the region have been localized more precisely: M(3)1 to bands 99B5-9, M(3)f to bands 99E4-F1 and M(3)g to region 100C-F. In addition, we have been able to obtain synthetic deficiencies uncovering all of the intervals from 99B5 to 100B. These deficiencies will be useful for future genetic and molecular analyses of the genes that map within the right tip of chromosome 3.

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THE EFFECTS OF LETHAL SELECTION ON THE EST-6 TO PGM REGION OF CHROMOSOME 3 IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/96.2.491 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 491-506

Author(s):

Bruce J Cochrane ◽

Rollin C Richmond

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Chromosome 3 ◽

Basal Region ◽

Epistatic Interactions ◽

Selection Dynamics ◽

Weak Evidence ◽

Selective Neutrality ◽

Powerful Means ◽

Chromosome Segments ◽

Marked Region

ABSTRACT A powerful means of studying the effects of selection on chromosome segments in Drosophila melanogaster has been described by Clegg et al. (1976, 1978). This method utilizes a recessive lethal, dominant visible allele whose selection dynamics can be accurately modelled to predict the fates of nonlethal alleles at linked loci. Results of these experiments indicate that strong epistatic interactions among loci occur that affect fitnesses associated with gametic types in the basal region of chromosome 3. We have used similar methods in studying a different segment of chromosome 3, that spanned by Est-6 (3—36.8) and Pgm (3—43.4), with the aim of determining whether the results of Clegg and his colleagues could be reproduced when a different region was studied. Our experiment showed that selection did operate on a region of the chromosome marked by Pgm, but that no evidence of selection at loci marked by Est-6 was apparent. Weak evidence for epistatic interactions among loci within the marked region was also found. Three possible explanations for the discrepancies between our experiments and those of Clegg et al. are suggested. First, the geographically homogeneous origin of our populations may preclude selectively significant changes as a result of recombination. Second, the results seen by Clegg et al. may have been unique to the regions they studied, which included the basal heterochromatin of the chromosome. Finally, the three loci employed may not adequately mark the unit of selection, so that actual departures from predictions of selective neutrality may not have been apparent.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A genetic and molecular characterization of two proximal heterochromatic genes on chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1024295.288739 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan R Warner

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Chromosome 3 ◽

Heterochromatic Genes

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Genetic Screens for Factors Involved in the Notum Bristle Loss of Interspecific Hybrids Between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/156.1.269 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 156 (1) ◽

pp. 269-282

Author(s):

Toshiyuki Takano-Shimizu

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Interspecific Cross ◽

Species Variation ◽

Genetic Screens ◽

Pure Species ◽

Epistatic Interactions ◽

X Chromosomes ◽

Powerful Means ◽

Different Populations ◽

Deficiency Screening

Abstract Interspecific cross is a powerful means to uncover hidden within- and between-species variation in populations. One example is a bristle loss phenotype of hybrids between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans, although both the pure species have exactly the same pattern of bristle formation on the notum. There exists a large amount of genetic variability in the simulans populations with respect to the number of missing bristles in hybrids, and the variation is largely attributable to simulans X chromosomes. Using nine molecular markers, I screened the simulans X chromosome for genetic factors that were responsible for the differences between a pair of simulans lines with high (H) and low (L) missing bristle numbers. Together with duplication-rescue experiments, a single major quantitative locus was mapped to a 13F–14F region. Importantly, this region accounted for most of the differences between H and L lines in three other independent pairs, suggesting segregation of H and L alleles at the single locus in different populations. Moreover, a deficiency screening uncovered several regions with factors that potentially cause the hybrid bristle loss due to epistatic interactions with the other factors.

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CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOME 3 IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: THE HOMOEOTIC GENE COMPLEX IN POLYTENE CHROMOSOME INTERVAL 84A-B

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/94.1.115 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 115-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Thomas C Kaufman ◽

Ricki Lewis ◽

Barbara Wakimoto

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Polytene Chromosome ◽

Cytogenetic Analysis ◽

Proximal Portion ◽

Chromosome 3 ◽

Gene Complex ◽

Anterior Portion ◽

Cytogenetic Evidence ◽

The Right

ABSTRACT Cytogenetic evidence is presented demonstrating that the 84A-B interval in the proximal portion of the right arm of chromosome 3 is the residence of a homoeotic gene complex similar to the bithorax locus. This complex, originally defined by the Antennapedia (A n t p) mutation, controls segmentation in the anterior portion of the organism. Different lesions within this complex homoeotically transform portions OI the prothorax, proboscis, antenna and eye and present clear analogies to similar lesions within the bithorax locus.

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THIRD-CHROMOSOME MUTAGEN-SENSITIVE MUTANTS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/97.3-4.607 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 97 (3-4) ◽

pp. 607-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J B Boyd ◽

M D Golino ◽

K E S Shaw ◽

C J Osgood ◽

M M Green

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Map ◽

Nitrogen Mustard ◽

Chromosome 3 ◽

Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽

Dna Metabolism ◽

Genetic Analyses ◽

Chemical Mutagens ◽

Complementation Groups ◽

Biochemical Analyses

ABSTRACT A total of 34 third chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster that render homozygous larvae hypersensitive to killing by chemical mutagens have been isolated. Genetic analyses have placed responsible mutations in more than eleven complementation groups. Mutants in three complementation groups are strongly sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate, those in one are sensitive to nitrogen mustard, and mutants in six groups are hypersensitive to both mutagens. Eight of the ten loci mapped fall within 15% of the genetic map that encompasses the centromere of chromosome 3. Mutants from four of the complementation groups are associated with moderate to strong meiotic effects in females. Preliminary biochemical analyses have implicated seven of these loci in DNA metabolism.

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Genetics of Differences in Pheromonal Hydrocarbons Between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/143.1.353 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 143 (1) ◽

pp. 353-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jerry A Coyne

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Species Difference ◽

The Other ◽

Chromosome 3 ◽

Apparent Effect ◽

The Third ◽

Hydrocarbon Profile ◽

The Right

Abstract Females of Drosophila melanogaster and its sibling species D. simulans have very different cuticular hydrocarbons, with the former bearing predominantly 7,11-heptacosadiene and the latter 7-tricosene. This difference contributes to reproductive isolation between the species. Genetic analysis shows that this difference maps to only the third chromosome, with the other three chromosomes having no apparent effect. The D. simulans alleles on the left arm of chromosome 3 are largely recessive, allowing us to search for the relevant regions using D. melanogaster deficiencies. At least four nonoverlapping regions of this arm have large effects on the hydrocarbon profile, implying that several genes on this arm are responsible for the species difference. Because the right arm of chromosome 3 also affects the hydrocarbon profile, a minimum of five genes appear to be involved. The large effect of the third chromosome on hydrocarbons has also been reported in the hybridization between D. simulans and its closer relative D. sechellia, implying either an evolutionaly convergence or the retention in D. sechllia of an ancestral sexual dimorphism.

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Epistatic Interactions Between smell-impaired Loci in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/148.4.1885 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 148 (4) ◽

pp. 1885-1891 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Grażyna M Fedorowicz ◽

James D Fry ◽

Robert R H Anholt ◽

Trudy F C Mackay

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Significant Variation ◽

P Element ◽

Olfactory Behavior ◽

Epistatic Interactions ◽

Combining Abilities ◽

Multiple Loci ◽

Quantitative Genetic ◽

Half Diallel ◽

Diallel Design

Abstract Odor-guided behavior is a polygenic trait determined by the concerted expression of multiple loci. Previously, P-element mutagenesis was used to identify single P[lArB] insertions, in a common isogenic background, with homozygous effects on olfactory behavior. Here, we have crossed 12 lines with these smell impaired (smi) mutations in a half-diallel design (excluding homozygous parental genotypes and reciprocal crosses) to produce all possible 66 doubly heterozygous hybrids with P[lArB] insertions at two distinct locations. The olfactory behavior of the transheterozygous progeny was measured using an assay that quantified the avoidance response to the repellent odorant benzaldehyde. There was significant variation in general combining abilities of avoidance scores among the smi mutants, indicating variation in heterozygous effects. Further, there was significant variation among specific combining abilities of each cross, indicating dependencies of heterozygous effects on the smi locus genotypes, i.e., epistasis. Significant epistatic interactions were identified for nine transheterozygote genotypes, involving 10 of the 12 smi loci. Eight of these loci form an interacting ensemble of genes that modulate expression of the behavioral phenotype. These observations illustrate the power of quantitative genetic analyses to detect subtle phenotypic effects and point to an extensive network of epistatic interactions among genes in the olfactory subgenome.

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