Thermal tolerance trade-offs associated with the right arm of chromosome 3 and marked by the hsr-omega gene in Drosophila melanogaster

ABSTRACT Cytogenetic evidence is presented demonstrating that the 84A-B interval in the proximal portion of the right arm of chromosome 3 is the residence of a homoeotic gene complex similar to the bithorax locus. This complex, originally defined by the Antennapedia (A n t p) mutation, controls segmentation in the anterior portion of the organism. Different lesions within this complex homoeotically transform portions OI the prothorax, proboscis, antenna and eye and present clear analogies to similar lesions within the bithorax locus.

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Genetics of Differences in Pheromonal Hydrocarbons Between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/143.1.353 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 143 (1) ◽

pp. 353-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jerry A Coyne

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Species Difference ◽

The Other ◽

Chromosome 3 ◽

Apparent Effect ◽

The Third ◽

Hydrocarbon Profile ◽

The Right

Abstract Females of Drosophila melanogaster and its sibling species D. simulans have very different cuticular hydrocarbons, with the former bearing predominantly 7,11-heptacosadiene and the latter 7-tricosene. This difference contributes to reproductive isolation between the species. Genetic analysis shows that this difference maps to only the third chromosome, with the other three chromosomes having no apparent effect. The D. simulans alleles on the left arm of chromosome 3 are largely recessive, allowing us to search for the relevant regions using D. melanogaster deficiencies. At least four nonoverlapping regions of this arm have large effects on the hydrocarbon profile, implying that several genes on this arm are responsible for the species difference. Because the right arm of chromosome 3 also affects the hydrocarbon profile, a minimum of five genes appear to be involved. The large effect of the third chromosome on hydrocarbons has also been reported in the hybridization between D. simulans and its closer relative D. sechellia, implying either an evolutionaly convergence or the retention in D. sechllia of an ancestral sexual dimorphism.

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DEFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF THE TIP OF CHROMOSOME 3R IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/112.3.539 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 112 (3) ◽

pp. 539-550

Author(s):

Kritaya Kongsuwan ◽

Robert P Dellavalle ◽

John R Merriam

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Genetic Manipulation ◽

Chromosome Analysis ◽

Chromosome 3 ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Number Of Genes ◽

The Right ◽

Minute Mutations

ABSTRACT Region 98EF-100F in chromosome 3 is interesting for genetic analysis because it contains a number of genes of developmental importance. Although there are no preexisting simple deficiency stocks, this region is amenable to genetic manipulation using other types of rearrangements. In the present investigation we obtained deficiencies by combining the terminal deficiencies formed by segregation of Y;3 translocations with a series of duplications of the tip of 3R, both from Y;3 translocations with different breakpoints and from 3;1 duplications in which the 3R tip is carried as a second arm on the X chromosome. Analysis of such synthetic deficiencies reveals five haplo-abnormal loci in the 98A-100F interval. These include a haplolethal site, a newly described Minute and three previously reported Minute mutations. The newly discovered Minute has been designated M(3)99D and is localized cytologically to bands 99D1-9. The three previously reported Minute loci in the region have been localized more precisely: M(3)1 to bands 99B5-9, M(3)f to bands 99E4-F1 and M(3)g to region 100C-F. In addition, we have been able to obtain synthetic deficiencies uncovering all of the intervals from 99B5 to 100B. These deficiencies will be useful for future genetic and molecular analyses of the genes that map within the right tip of chromosome 3.

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Homologous association of the Bithorax-Complex during embryogenesis: consequences for transvection in Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.125.22.4541 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 125 (22) ◽

pp. 4541-4552 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M.J. Gemkow ◽

P.J. Verveer ◽

D.J. Arndt-Jovin

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Chromosome 3 ◽

Null Mutation ◽

Bithorax Complex ◽

Homologous Genes ◽

Test Models ◽

In Trans ◽

Physical Interactions ◽

Trans Regulation ◽

The Right

Transvection is the phenomenon by which the expression of a gene can be controlled by its homologous counterpart in trans, presumably due to pairing of alleles in diploid interphase cells. Transvection or trans-sensing phenomena have been reported for several loci in Drosophila, the most thoroughly studied of which is the Bithorax-Complex (BX-C). It is not known how early trans-sensing occurs nor the extent or duration of the underlying physical interactions. We have investigated the physical proximity of homologous genes of the BX-C during Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis by applying fluorescent in situ hybridization techniques together with high-resolution confocal light microscopy and digital image processing. The association of homologous alleles of the BX-C starts in nuclear division cycle 13, reaches a plateau of 70% in postgastrulating embryos, and is not perturbed by the transcriptional state of the genes throughout embryogenesis. Pairing frequencies never reach 100%, indicating that the homologous associations are in equilibrium with a dissociated state. We determined the effects of translocations and a zeste protein null mutation, both of which strongly diminish transvection phenotypes, on the extent of diploid homologue pairing. Although translocating one allele of the BX-C from the right arm of chromosome 3 to the left arm of chromosome 3 or to the X chromosome abolished trans-regulation of the Ultrabithorax gene, pairing of homologous alleles surprisingly was reduced only to 20–30%. A zeste protein null mutation neither delayed the onset of pairing nor led to unpairing of the homologous alleles. These data are discussed in the light of different models for trans-regulation. We examined the onset of pairing of the chromosome 4 as well as of loci near the centromere of chromosome 3 and near the telomere of 3R in order to test models for the mechanism of homologue pairing.

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Genetic analysis of the heterochromatin of chromosome 3 in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Products of compound-autosome detachment.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/120.2.503 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 120 (2) ◽

pp. 503-517

Author(s):

G E Marchant ◽

D G Holm

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Complementation Analysis ◽

Chromosome 3 ◽

Recessive Lethal ◽

The Third ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Right

Abstract The heterochromatin of the third chromosome is the largest uncharacterized region of the Drosophila melanogaster genome, and the last major block of D. melanogaster heterochromatin to be thoroughly analyzed. In the present study, this region was genetically dissected by generating and analyzing a series of attached, detached and reattached third chromosomes. Separate detachment experiments were conducted for all 12 possible combinations of four newly synthesized sister-strand compound-3L and three newly synthesized sister-strand compound-3R chromosomes. A total of 443 recessive lethal detachment products carrying putative heterochromatic deficiencies were tested for complementation in a several-stage complementation analysis. The results revealed the presence of seven separable vital regions in the heterochromatin of chromosome 3. Attempts to reattach deficiency-carrying detachment products established that six of these vital regions are on the left arm, but only one is on the right arm. An analysis of the types and frequencies of detachment-product deficiencies generated in each detachment experiment permitted the genetic characterization of the progenitor compounds. It was also possible to determine the proximal-distal orientation of the genes on each arm, and to identify possible breakpoints for each lethal detachment product produced. The results of this study suggest that vital genes in the heterochromatin of the third chromosome are not randomly distributed between, nor within, the heterochromatic blocks of the left and right arms.

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CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOME 3 IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: MAPPING OF THE PROXIMAL PORTION OF THE RIGHT ARM

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/80.4.733 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 733-752

Author(s):

Ian W Duncan ◽

Thomas C Kaufman

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Chromosome Aberrations ◽

Cytogenetic Analysis ◽

Region Of Interest ◽

Proximal Portion ◽

Chromosome 3 ◽

Specific Chromosome ◽

The Right ◽

Chromosome Regions

ABSTRACT In order to define more precisely the most proximal portion of chromosome 3R in Drosophila melanogaster, several new chromosome aberrations involving this region have been recovered and analyzed. These new arrangements were recovered as induced reversions of two dominant mutations, AntpNs and dsxD, located in the region of interest. The results of the analysis have allowed the localization of several existing mutations, have further elucidated the complex homoeotic locus which resides in this region, and have confirmed the efficacy of this type of screen in the analysis of specific chromosome regions.

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Genetic Analysis of the Heterochromatin of Chromosome 3 in Drosophila Melanogaster. II. Vital Loci Identified through Ems Mutagenesis.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/120.2.519 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 120 (2) ◽

pp. 519-532

Author(s):

G E Marchant ◽

D G Holm

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Single Copy ◽

Chromosome 3 ◽

Temperature Sensitive ◽

Chromosome 2 ◽

Complementation Groups ◽

Sensitive Allele ◽

Interallelic Complementation ◽

The Right

Abstract Chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster contains the last major blocks of heterochromatin in this species to be genetically analyzed. Deficiencies of heterochromatin generated through the detachment of compound-3 chromosomes revealed the presence of vital loci in the heterochromatin of chromosome 3, but an extensive complementation analysis with various combinations of lethal and nonlethal detachment products gave no evidence of tandemly repeated vital genes in this region. These findings indicate that the heterochromatin of chromosome 3 is genetically similar to that of chromosome 2. A more thorough genetic analysis of the heterochromatic regions has been carried out using the chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Seventy-five EMS-induced lethals allelic to loci uncovered by detachment-product deficiencies were recovered and tested for complementation. In total, 12 complementation groups were identified, ten in the heterochromatin to the left of the centromere and two to the right. All but two complementation groups in the left heterochromatic block could be identified as separate loci through deficiency mapping. The interallelic complementation observed between some EMS-induced lethals, as well as the recovery of a temperature-sensitive allele for each of the two loci, provided further evidence that single-copy, transcribed vital genes reside in the heterochromatin of chromosome 3. Cytological analysis of three detachment-product deficiencies provided evidence that at least some of the genes uncovered in this study are located in the most distal segments of the heterochromatin in both arms. This study provides a detailed genetic analysis of chromosome 3 heterochromatin and offers further information on the genetic nature and heterogeneity of Drosophila heterochromatin.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A genetic and molecular characterization of two proximal heterochromatic genes on chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1024295.288739 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan R Warner

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Chromosome 3 ◽

Heterochromatic Genes

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THIRD-CHROMOSOME MUTAGEN-SENSITIVE MUTANTS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/97.3-4.607 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 97 (3-4) ◽

pp. 607-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J B Boyd ◽

M D Golino ◽

K E S Shaw ◽

C J Osgood ◽

M M Green

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Map ◽

Nitrogen Mustard ◽

Chromosome 3 ◽

Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽

Dna Metabolism ◽

Genetic Analyses ◽

Chemical Mutagens ◽

Complementation Groups ◽

Biochemical Analyses

ABSTRACT A total of 34 third chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster that render homozygous larvae hypersensitive to killing by chemical mutagens have been isolated. Genetic analyses have placed responsible mutations in more than eleven complementation groups. Mutants in three complementation groups are strongly sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate, those in one are sensitive to nitrogen mustard, and mutants in six groups are hypersensitive to both mutagens. Eight of the ten loci mapped fall within 15% of the genetic map that encompasses the centromere of chromosome 3. Mutants from four of the complementation groups are associated with moderate to strong meiotic effects in females. Preliminary biochemical analyses have implicated seven of these loci in DNA metabolism.

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A NOTE ON THE MATERNAL EFFECT MUTANTS DAUGHTERLESS AND ABNORMAL OOCYTE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/73.1.73 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 73-86

Author(s):

Arthur P Mange ◽

L Sandler

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Maternal Effect ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Chromosome 2 ◽

Dominant Marker ◽

Enhancing Effect ◽

X Irradiation ◽

The Right ◽

Chromosome Breakpoint ◽

Special Region

ABSTRACT Two deficiencies for, and a dominant enhancer of, the second chromosome maternal effect mutant, "daughterless" (da), were induced with X-irradiation. Their properties were studied with respect to both da and the linked maternal effect mutant, "abnormal oocyte" (abo), with the following conclusions. (1) The most probable map positions of da and abo are: J–½–da–2½–abo, where J is a dominant marker located at 41 on the standard map. (2) The da locus is in bands 31CD-F on the polytene chromosome map; abo is to the right of 32A. (3) Because homozygous da individuals survive while individuals carrying da and a deficiency for da are lethal, it is concluded that da is hypomorphic. (4) From a weak da-like maternal effect in heterozygous da females induced by an "Enhancer of da," we have confirmed a previous report that (a) the amount of sex chromosome heterochromatin contributed by the father can influence the severity of the da maternal effect, and (b) the sex chromosome heterochromatin which influences the da effect is different from that which influences the abo effect. (5) The possibility that da and abo are in a special region of chromosome 2 concerned with the regulation of sex chromosome heterochromatin is strengthened by the observation that the Enhancer of da appears to rescue abnormal eggs produced by homozygous abo mothers. (6) The Enhancer of da is a translocation between chromosomes 2 and 3 with the second chromosome breakpoint in the basal heterochromatin; because the enhancing effect maps in this region of chromosome 2, it is possible that autosomal, as well as sex chromosomal, heterochromatin interacts with da and abo.

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