scholarly journals Genetic variation in the dietary sucrose modulation of enzyme activities in Drosophila melanogaster

1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy W. Geer ◽  
Cathy C. Laurie-Ahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYGenetic variation in the modulating effect of dietary sucrose was assessed in Drosophila melanogaster by examining 27 chromosome substitution lines coisogenic for the X and second chromosomes and possessing different third isogenic chromosomes derived from natural populations. An increase in the concentration of sucrose from 0·1% to 5% in modified Sang's medium C significantly altered the activities of 11 of 15 enzyme activities in third instar larvae, indicating that dietary sucrose modulates many, but not all, of the enzymes of D. melanogaster. A high sucrose diet promoted high activities of enzymes associated with lipid and glycogen synthesis and low activities of enzymes of the glycolytic and Krebs cycle pathways, reflecting the physiological requirements of the animal. Analyses of variance revealed significant genetic variation in the degrees to which sucrose modulated several enzyme activities. Analysis of correlations revealed some relationships between enzymes in the genetic effects on the modulation process. These observations suggest that adaptive evolutionary change may depend in part on the selection of enzyme activity modifiers that are distributed throughout the genome.

scholarly journals Quantitative genetic variation of enzyme activities in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster

1980 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 1073-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Laurie-Ahlberg ◽  
G. Maroni ◽  
G. C. Bewley ◽  
J. C. Lucchesi ◽  
B. S. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Quantitative Genetic

scholarly journals NATURALLY OCCURRING ENZYME ACTIVITY VARIATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. II. RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ENZYMES

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
A N Wilton ◽  
C C Laurie-Ahlberg ◽  
T H Emigh ◽  
J W Curtsinger
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Correlated Activity

ABSTRACT This report describes an investigation of the specificities of the genetic effects, caused by whole chromosome substitution, on the activities of 23 enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster. Two types of correlation estimates are examined, the product-moment correlation over the chromosome substitution line means and the corresponding correlation of line effects, which is a standardized covariance component estimate. The two types of correlations give very similar results. Although there is ample evidence for specific line effects on individual enzyme activities, there are extensive intercorrelations among many of the enzymes for both second- and third-chromosome substitution lines. The pattern of correlations with respect to the metabolic functions or other properties of the enzymes is difficult to visualize by inspection of the correlation matrix, so a multivariate graphical technique, the biplot (Gabriel 1971), was employed to obtain a two-dimensional view of relationships among the enzyme activities. The second and third chromosome lines show similar patterns. Four of the five mitochondrial enzymes form one highly intercorrelated group whereas another highly intercorrelated group contains several cytosolic enzymes. Within the cytosolic group, particularly high correlations are observed between enzymes that have glucose 6-phosphate as a substrate or product and between enzymes that are NADP-dependent. Although the pattern of intercorrelations is not clearly explicable in terms of metabolic relationships among the enzymes, there is some tendency for enzymes that catalyze sequential reactions or share a substrate or product to have correlated activity levels.

scholarly journals Autosomal and X-Linked Additive Genetic Variation for Lifespan and Aging: Comparisons Within and Between the Sexes in Drosophila melanogaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3903-3911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M Griffin ◽  
Holger Schielzeth ◽  
Urban Friberg
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Dosage Compensation ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Sexually Antagonistic Selection

Abstract Theory makes several predictions concerning differences in genetic variation between the X chromosome and the autosomes due to male X hemizygosity. The X chromosome should: (i) typically show relatively less standing genetic variation than the autosomes, (ii) exhibit more variation in males compared to females because of dosage compensation, and (iii) potentially be enriched with sex-specific genetic variation. Here, we address each of these predictions for lifespan and aging in Drosophila melanogaster. To achieve unbiased estimates of X and autosomal additive genetic variance, we use 80 chromosome substitution lines; 40 for the X chromosome and 40 combining the two major autosomes, which we assay for sex-specific and cross-sex genetic (co)variation. We find significant X and autosomal additive genetic variance for both traits in both sexes (with reservation for X-linked variation of aging in females), but no conclusive evidence for depletion of X-linked variation (measured through females). Males display more X-linked variation for lifespan than females, but it is unclear if this is due to dosage compensation since also autosomal variation is larger in males. Finally, our results suggest that the X chromosome is enriched for sex-specific genetic variation in lifespan but results were less conclusive for aging overall. Collectively, these results suggest that the X chromosome has reduced capacity to respond to sexually concordant selection on lifespan from standing genetic variation, while its ability to respond to sexually antagonistic selection may be augmented.

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIATION AFFECTING THE EXPRESSION OF CATALASE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: CORRELATIONS WITH RATES OF ENZYME SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-448
Author(s):  
Glenn C Bewley ◽  
Cathy C Laurie-Ahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Intracellular Degradation ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
Catalase Protein ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

ABSTRACT Both second and third chromosome substitution lines isolated from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster affect the expression of catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) at both the larval and adult stages of development. In each case, the level of catalase activity is strongly related to the level of catalase-specific cross-reacting material. Turnover studies employing the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole were conducted on a selected number of lines. Although the variation in steady state levels of catalase protein was highly significant among lines, variation in intracellular degradation rate was not. These results suggest that the different steady state levels observed among lines largely reflect different rates of catalase synthesis.

scholarly journals Extensive epistasis for olfactory behaviour, sleep and waking activity in Drosophila melanogaster

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHILPA SWARUP ◽  
SUSAN T. HARBISON ◽  
LAUREN E. HAHN ◽  
TATIANA V. MOROZOVA ◽  
AKIHIKO YAMAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Epistatic Effects ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Pleiotropic Gene ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Olfactory Behaviour ◽  
New Mutations

SummaryEpistasis is an important feature of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits, but the dynamics of epistatic interactions in natural populations and the relationship between epistasis and pleiotropy remain poorly understood. Here, we studied the effects of epistatic modifiers that segregate in a wild-derived Drosophila melanogaster population on the mutational effects of P-element insertions in Semaphorin-5C (Sema-5c) and Calreticulin (Crc), pleiotropic genes that affect olfactory behaviour and startle behaviour and, in the case of Crc, sleep phenotypes. We introduced Canton-S B (CSB) third chromosomes with or without a P-element insertion at the Crc or Sema-5c locus in multiple wild-derived inbred lines of the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and assessed the effects of epistasis on the olfactory response to benzaldehyde and, for Crc, also on sleep. In each case, we found substantial epistasis and significant variation in the magnitude of epistasis. The predominant direction of epistatic effects was to suppress the mutant phenotype. These observations support a previous study on startle behaviour using the same D. melanogaster chromosome substitution lines, which concluded that suppressing epistasis may buffer the effects of new mutations. However, epistatic effects are not correlated among the different phenotypes. Thus, suppressing epistasis appears to be a pervasive general feature of natural populations to protect against the effects of new mutations, but different epistatic interactions modulate different phenotypes affected by mutations at the same pleiotropic gene.

scholarly journals Female Genotypes Affect Sperm Displacement in Drosophila

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G Clark ◽  
David J Begun
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Sperm Displacement ◽  
Extensive Variation ◽  
Polymorphic Genes ◽  
Displacement Parameter ◽  
Competitive Success

Abstract Differential success of sperm is likely to be an important component of fitness. Extensive variation among male genotypes in competitive success of sperm in multiply mated females has been documented for Drosophila melanogaster. However, virtually all previous studies considered the female to be a passive vessel. Nevertheless, under certain conditions female fitness could be determined by her role in mediating use of sperm from multiple males. Here we ask whether females differ among genotypes in their tendency to exhibit last-male precedence. Competition of sperm from two tester male genotypes (bwD and B3-09, a third-chromosome isogenic line from Beltsville, MD) was quantified by doubly mating female lines that had been rendered homozygous for X, second, or third chromosomes isolated from natural populations. The composite sperm displacement parameter, P2′, was highly heterogeneous among lines, whether or not viability effects were compensated, implying the presence of polymorphic genes affecting access of sperm to eggs. Genetic variation of this type is completely neutral in the absence of pleiotropy or interaction between variation in the two sexes.

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