Evidence that Egfr Contributes to Cryptic Genetic Variation for Photoreceptor Determination in Natural Populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Differential success of sperm is likely to be an important component of fitness. Extensive variation among male genotypes in competitive success of sperm in multiply mated females has been documented for Drosophila melanogaster. However, virtually all previous studies considered the female to be a passive vessel. Nevertheless, under certain conditions female fitness could be determined by her role in mediating use of sperm from multiple males. Here we ask whether females differ among genotypes in their tendency to exhibit last-male precedence. Competition of sperm from two tester male genotypes (bwD and B3-09, a third-chromosome isogenic line from Beltsville, MD) was quantified by doubly mating female lines that had been rendered homozygous for X, second, or third chromosomes isolated from natural populations. The composite sperm displacement parameter, P2′, was highly heterogeneous among lines, whether or not viability effects were compensated, implying the presence of polymorphic genes affecting access of sperm to eggs. Genetic variation of this type is completely neutral in the absence of pleiotropy or interaction between variation in the two sexes.

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Genetic variation in the dietary sucrose modulation of enzyme activities in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672300026094 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 307-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Billy W. Geer ◽

Cathy C. Laurie-Ahlberg

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Glycogen Synthesis ◽

Krebs Cycle ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽

High Sucrose Diet ◽

Selection Of

SUMMARYGenetic variation in the modulating effect of dietary sucrose was assessed in Drosophila melanogaster by examining 27 chromosome substitution lines coisogenic for the X and second chromosomes and possessing different third isogenic chromosomes derived from natural populations. An increase in the concentration of sucrose from 0·1% to 5% in modified Sang's medium C significantly altered the activities of 11 of 15 enzyme activities in third instar larvae, indicating that dietary sucrose modulates many, but not all, of the enzymes of D. melanogaster. A high sucrose diet promoted high activities of enzymes associated with lipid and glycogen synthesis and low activities of enzymes of the glycolytic and Krebs cycle pathways, reflecting the physiological requirements of the animal. Analyses of variance revealed significant genetic variation in the degrees to which sucrose modulated several enzyme activities. Analysis of correlations revealed some relationships between enzymes in the genetic effects on the modulation process. These observations suggest that adaptive evolutionary change may depend in part on the selection of enzyme activity modifiers that are distributed throughout the genome.

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Genetic variation of Drosophila melanogaster natural populations

Trends in Genetics ◽

10.1016/0168-9525(88)90098-4 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 106-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 329

Author(s):

J DAVID ◽

P CAPY

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Natural Populations

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Cryptic Genetic Variation in Natural Populations: A Predictive Framework

Integrative and Comparative Biology ◽

10.1093/icb/icu077 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 783-793 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

C. C. Ledon-Rettig ◽

D. W. Pfennig ◽

A. J. Chunco ◽

I. Dworkin

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Cryptic Genetic Variation

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Quantitative genetic variation of enzyme activities in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.77.2.1073 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 1073-1077 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

C. C. Laurie-Ahlberg ◽

G. Maroni ◽

G. C. Bewley ◽

J. C. Lucchesi ◽

B. S. Weir

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Quantitative Genetic

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Genetic Variation in Rates of Nondisjunction: Association of Two Naturally Occurring Polymorphisms in the Chromokinesin nod With Increased Rates of Nondisjunction in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/152.4.1605 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 152 (4) ◽

pp. 1605-1614 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michael E Zwick ◽

Jennifer L Salstrom ◽

Charles H Langley

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Chromosome Segregation ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Intermediate Frequency ◽

Female Meiosis ◽

X Chromosomes ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

High Level ◽

Female Specific

Abstract Genetic variation in nondisjunction frequency among X chromosomes from two Drosophila melanogaster natural populations is examined in a sensitized assay. A high level of genetic variation is observed (a range of 0.006-0.241). Two naturally occurring variants at the nod locus, a chromokinesin required for proper achiasmate chromosome segregation, are significantly associated with an increased frequency of nondisjunction. Both of these polymorphisms are found at intermediate frequency in widely distributed natural populations. To account for these observations, we propose a general model incorporating unique opportunities for meiotic drive during female meiosis. The oötid competition model can account for both high mean rates of female-specific nondisjunction in Drosophila and humans as well as the standing genetic variation in this critical fitness character in natural populations.

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Genetic Variation for Phenotypically Invariant Traits Detected in Teosinte: Implications for the Evolution of Novel Forms

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/160.1.333 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 160 (1) ◽

pp. 333-342

Author(s):

Nick Lauter ◽

John Doebley

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Single Gene ◽

Phenotypic Expression ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Gene Mutations ◽

Character State ◽

Multiple Gene ◽

Cryptic Genetic Variation ◽

Mapping Strategy ◽

Discrete Character

Abstract How new discrete states of morphological traits evolve is poorly understood. One possibility is that single-gene changes underlie the evolution of new discrete character states and that evolution is dependent on the occurrence of new single-gene mutations. Another possibility is that multiple-gene changes are required to elevate an individual or population above a threshold required to produce the new character state. A prediction of the latter model is that genetic variation for the traits should exist in natural populations in the absence of phenotypic variation. To test this idea, we studied traits that are phenotypically invariant within teosinte and for which teosinte is discretely different from its near relative, maize. By employing a QTL mapping strategy to analyze the progeny of a testcross between an F1 of two teosintes and a maize inbred line, we identified cryptic genetic variation in teosinte for traits that are invariant in teosinte. We argue that such cryptic genetic variation can contribute to the evolution of novelty when reconfigured to exceed the threshold necessary for phenotypic expression or by acting to modify or stabilize the effects of major mutations.

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Cryptic genetic variation underpins rapid adaptation to ocean acidification

10.1101/700526 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. C. Bitter ◽

L. Kapsenberg ◽

J.-P. Gattuso ◽

C. A. Pfister

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Rapid Adaptation ◽

Larval Size ◽

Larval Population ◽

Cryptic Genetic Variation ◽

Standing Variation ◽

Seawater Ph

AbstractGlobal climate change has intensified the need to assess the capacity for natural populations to adapt to abrupt shifts in the environment. Reductions in seawater pH constitute a conspicuous stressor associated with increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide that is affecting ecosystems throughout the world’s oceans. Here, we quantify the phenotypic and genetic modifications associated with rapid adaptation to reduced seawater pH in the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. We reared a genetically diverse larval population in ambient and extreme low pH conditions (pHT 8.1 and 7.4) and tracked changes in the larval size and allele frequency distributions through settlement. Additionally, we separated larvae by size to link a fitness-related trait to its underlying genetic background in each treatment. Both phenotypic and genetic data show that M. galloprovincialis can evolve in response to a decrease in seawater pH. This process is polygenic and characterized by genotype-environment interactions, suggesting the role of cryptic genetic variation in adaptation to future climate change. Holistically, this work provides insight into the processes underpinning rapid evolution, and demonstrates the importance of maintaining standing variation within natural populations to bolster species’ adaptive capacity as global change progresses.

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Behavioral variation in Drosophila melanogaster: no evidence for common alleles of large- effect at the foraging gene in a population from North Carolina, USA

10.1101/004325 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Turner ◽

Christopher C Giauque ◽

Daniel R Schrider ◽

Andrew D Kern

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Foraging Behavior ◽

Additional Data ◽

Balancing Selection ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Specific Population ◽

Foraging Gene ◽

Population Genetic Variation

It has been postulated that natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster are comprised of two behavioral morphs termed "rover" and "sitter", and that this variation is caused mainly by large-effect alleles at a single locus. Contrary to common assertions, however, published support for the existence of common large effect alleles in nature is quite limited. To further investigate, we quantified the foraging behavior of 36 sequenced strains from a natural population, performed an association study, and described patterns of molecular evolution at the foraging locus. Though there was significant variation in foraging behavior among genotypes, this variation was continuously distributed and not significantly associated with genetic variation at the foraging gene. Patterns of molecular population genetic variation at this gene also provide no support for the hypothesis that for is a target of recent balancing selection. Though our data only apply to this specific population, we propose that additional data is required to support a hypothesis of common alleles of large effect on foraging behavior in nature.

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Genomic analysis of European Drosophila melanogaster populations reveals longitudinal structure, continent-wide selection, and previously unknown DNA viruses

10.1101/313759 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Martin Kapun ◽

Maite G. Barrón ◽

Fabian Staubach ◽

Darren J. Obbard ◽

R. Axel W. Wiberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Short Term ◽

Dna Viruses ◽

Local Climate ◽

Term Evolution ◽

Spatio Temporal

AbstractGenetic variation is the fuel of evolution, with standing genetic variation especially important for short-term evolution and local adaptation. To date, studies of spatio-temporal patterns of genetic variation in natural populations have been challenging, as comprehensive sampling is logistically difficult, and sequencing of entire populations costly. Here, we address these issues using a collaborative approach, sequencing 48 pooled population samples from 32 locations, and perform the first continent-wide genomic analysis of genetic variation in European Drosophila melanogaster. Our analyses uncover longitudinal population structure, provide evidence for continent-wide selective sweeps, identify candidate genes for local climate adaptation, and document clines in chromosomal inversion and transposable element frequencies. We also characterise variation among populations in the composition of the fly microbiome, and identify five new DNA viruses in our samples.

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