scholarly journals Genetic control of male cuticular hydrocarbons in Drosophila melanogaster

1996 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Ferveur ◽  
Jean-Marc Jallon
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Courtship Behaviour ◽  
Functional Implication ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Chromosome Ii

Summary7-tricosene (7-T) and 7-pentacosene (7-P) are the two main hydrocarbons on the cuticle of male Drosophila melanogaster. These two substances might play a pheromonal role during courtship behaviour. We investigated the genetic basis of the quantitative polymorphism observed in the production of 7-T and 7-P. Strains of different geographic origin, with males producing either predominantly 7-T or predominantly 7-P, were hybridized with strains carrying genetic markers. We found that chromosome II changes the balance between 7-T and 7-P while chromosome III regulates the overall quantity of both 7-monoenes. We have also characterized and roughly mapped sept and smoq, two genetic factors on chromosome II that act additively on the production of both cuticular hydrocarbons. The genetic control of the variation in 7-T and 7-P varies between D. melanogaster strains and between D. melanogaster and its sibling species D.simulans. The possible evolutionary and physiological causes of this variation as well as its functional implication for courtship behaviour are discussed.

scholarly journals Does RNA interference influence meiotic crossing over in Drosophila melanogaster?

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC W. CROSS ◽  
MICHAEL J. SIMMONS
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Crossover Frequency ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Chromosome Ii ◽  
Balancer Chromosomes ◽  
Balancer Chromosome

SummaryMutations in the RNA interference (RNAi) genes aubergine (aub), homeless and piwi were tested for effects on the frequency, distribution and coincidence of meiotic crossovers in the long arm of the X chromosome. Some increases in crossover frequency were seen in these tests, but they may have been due to a maternal effect of the balancer chromosomes that were used to maintain the RNAi mutations in stocks rather than to the RNAi mutations themselves. These same balancers produced strong zygotic interchromosomal effects when tested separately. Mutations in aub and piwi did not affect the frequency of crossing over in the centric heterochromatin of chromosome II; nor did a balancer chromosome III.

A genetic basis for variations in meiotic recombination in Petunia hybrida

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cornu ◽  
E. Farcy ◽  
C. Mousset
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Chromosome Ii ◽  
Female Gametogenesis

Experimental data show that the meiotic recombination rate during female gametogenesis is controlled by one major nuclear factor, symbolized by Rm1, i.e., recombination modulator 1. The existence of modifiers, suggested by several data, remains to be demonstrated. Rm1 has been located on chromosome II by linkage with locus lu1. The regulation exerted by Rm1 is not directed only to a particular chromosome, but is more general. The recombination rate increases considerably for pairs of closely linked genes on chromosomes I, II, V, VI, and VII; it remains unchanged for a pair of weakly linked genes on chromosomes IV and decreases for a pair of moderately linked genes on chromosome III. Rm1 affects recombination in both male and female gametogeneses, but the effects differ in the two. The marked regions on chromosome III and VII were equally affected in male and female meioses, but the marked regions on chromosome II and VI were unaffected in male meiosis.Key words: Petunia hybrida, recombination, meiosis.

scholarly journals The genetic basis for ecological adaptation of the Atlantic herring revealed by genome sequencing

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Martinez Barrio ◽  
Sangeet Lamichhaney ◽  
Guangyi Fan ◽  
Nima Rafati ◽  
Mats Pettersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ecological Adaptation ◽  
Timing Of Reproduction ◽  
Haplotype Blocks ◽  
Subdivided Populations

Ecological adaptation is of major relevance to speciation and sustainable population management, but the underlying genetic factors are typically hard to study in natural populations due to genetic differentiation caused by natural selection being confounded with genetic drift in subdivided populations. Here, we use whole genome population sequencing of Atlantic and Baltic herring to reveal the underlying genetic architecture at an unprecedented detailed resolution for both adaptation to a new niche environment and timing of reproduction. We identify almost 500 independent loci associated with a recent niche expansion from marine (Atlantic Ocean) to brackish waters (Baltic Sea), and more than 100 independent loci showing genetic differentiation between spring- and autumn-spawning populations irrespective of geographic origin. Our results show that both coding and non-coding changes contribute to adaptation. Haplotype blocks, often spanning multiple genes and maintained by selection, are associated with genetic differentiation.

scholarly journals Microsatellite polymorphisms in a wild population of Drosophila melanogaster

1996 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip R. England ◽  
David A. Briscoe ◽  
Richard Frankham
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Microsatellite Variation ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Chromosome Ii

SummaryHighly variable DNA polymorphisms called microsatellites are rapidly becoming the marker of choice in population genetic studies. Until now, microsatellites have not been utilized for Drosophila studies. We have identified eight polymorphic microsatellite loci in Drosophila melanogaster and used them to characterize the genetic variation in a wild population from the Tyrrell's winery in Australia. Microsatellites were isolated from a partial genomic DNA library. All microsatellites consist of (AC)n repeats ranging from n = 2 to n = 24. Six loci were assigned to chromosomal location by genetic mapping, with three loci on chromosome II, one locus on chromosome III and two loci on the X chromosome. Up to four microsatellite loci were multiplexed in the same reaction. Microsatellite variation is substantially greater than allozyme variation in the Tyrrell's Drosophila population. 80% of the microsatellite loci examined are polymorphic, compared with 28% of allozymes. The mean number of alleles per polymorphic locus is 5·2 in microsatellites compared with 30 in allozymes. The average observed heterozygosity of polymorphic microsatellites is 47% compared with 26% for allozymes. Microsatellite variation in Drosophila melanogaster is similar to that reported for other insects. Higher variability commends microsatellites over allozymes for genetic studies in Drosophila melanogaster.

A STUDY OF THE GENETIC BASIS OF THE SEXUAL DIMORPHISM FOR WING LENGTH IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-487
Author(s):  
Margaret A Bird ◽  
H E Schaffer
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Sex Dimorphism ◽  
Male Wing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chromosome Iii

ABSTRACT The genetic basis of a sexually dimorphic quantitative character in Drosophila melanogaster was investigated by means of two-way directional selection for increased and decreased differences between male and female wing length. The sex dimorphism (SD), defined as the mean wing length difference between the sexes, within families, provided the criterion for selection.—The two lines (High SD, Low SD) diverged rapidly during the 15 generations of selection, indicating the presence of extensive genetic variability for the genotype-sex interaction underlying the observed sexual dimorphism. There was evidence that genetic variability persisted in both lines when selection was relaxed. Most of the divergence between the two lines remained after 10 generations of relaxed selection.—The change in the level of sex dimorphism in the High line was due primarily to a decrease in male wing length; in the Low line most of the change in SD was the result of a decrease in female wing length. An overall reduction in wing length in both sexes in both lines is interpreted as an effect of inbreeding.—The distribution and nature of the genetic control underlying the SD characteristic of the two selection lines was investigated by chromosome substitution between selection lines using a marked inversion technique. The two lines differed by factors located on each of the three major chromosome pairs. Chromosome III had the greatest effect on the difference in SD level between lines, and showed an overall additive effect when present in homozygous versus heterozygous combination. Chromosome II had the least effect, with a significant dominance effect of the High II being evident when heterozygotes were compared with homozygotes. The effect of the X chromosome was intermediate. There was some evidence of interaction between non-homologous chromosomes.

THE GENETIC BASIS OF A SPECIFIC PHENOCOPY RESPONSE

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Rapport ◽  
Charles F. Sing
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Developmental Homeostasis ◽  
Genetic Nature ◽  
Developmental Buffering ◽  
Endogenous Metabolites

Utilizing glucosamine susceptibility as an indicator of developmental homeostasis of the aminosugar pathway in Drosophila melanogaster, experiments were performed to explore the genetic nature of this buffering.Chromosomes derived from four laboratory strains were tested for additive, dominant and epistatic gene action. Dominant alleles were shown to confer homeostatic properties on the organism and the data arc consistent with the view that different genotypes use nonallelic genes to achieve homeostasis. Epistasis was found to play some part in the genetic control of phenocopy susceptibility. For example, while heterozygosity was generally associated with phenocopy tolerance, single chromosome heterozygotes were found in some cases to be more tolerant than double heterozygotes. A model accounting for these findings was formulated.The study indicates that the utilization of excess endogenous metabolites to test for the existence of genes controlling developmental buffering may provide a useful method of approaching problems of developmental homeostasis.

Genetic Basis for Repeated Mating in Drosophila melanogaster

1981 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Pyle ◽  
Mark H. Gromko
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Repeated Mating

scholarly journals INTRACISTRONIC MAPPING OF ELECTROPHORETIC SITES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: FIDELITY OF INFORMATION TRANSFER BY GENE CONVERSION

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Margaret McCarron ◽  
William Gelbart ◽  
Arthur Chovnick
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Recombination Experiments

ABSTRACT A convenient method is described for the intracistronic mapping of genetic sites responsible for electrophoretic variation of a specific protein in Drosophila melanogaster. A number of wild-type isoalleles of the rosy locus have been isolated which are associated with the production of electrophoretically distinguishable xanthine dehydrogenases. Large-scale recombination experiments were carried out involving null enzyme mutants induced on electrophoretically distinct wild-type isoalleles, the genetic basis for which is followed as a nonselective marker in the cross. Additionally, a large-scale recombination experiment was carried out involving null enzyme rosy mutants induced on the same wild-type isoallele. Examination of the electrophoretic character of crossover and convertant products recovered from the latter experiment revealed that all exhibited the same parental electrophoretic character. In addition to documenting the stability of the xanthine dehydrogenase electrophoretic character, this observation argues against a special mutagenesis hypothesis to explain conversions resulting from allele recombination studies.

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