Genetic Basis for Repeated Mating in Drosophila melanogaster

1981 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Pyle ◽  
Mark H. Gromko
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Repeated Mating

scholarly journals INTRACISTRONIC MAPPING OF ELECTROPHORETIC SITES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: FIDELITY OF INFORMATION TRANSFER BY GENE CONVERSION

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Margaret McCarron ◽  
William Gelbart ◽  
Arthur Chovnick
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Recombination Experiments

ABSTRACT A convenient method is described for the intracistronic mapping of genetic sites responsible for electrophoretic variation of a specific protein in Drosophila melanogaster. A number of wild-type isoalleles of the rosy locus have been isolated which are associated with the production of electrophoretically distinguishable xanthine dehydrogenases. Large-scale recombination experiments were carried out involving null enzyme mutants induced on electrophoretically distinct wild-type isoalleles, the genetic basis for which is followed as a nonselective marker in the cross. Additionally, a large-scale recombination experiment was carried out involving null enzyme rosy mutants induced on the same wild-type isoallele. Examination of the electrophoretic character of crossover and convertant products recovered from the latter experiment revealed that all exhibited the same parental electrophoretic character. In addition to documenting the stability of the xanthine dehydrogenase electrophoretic character, this observation argues against a special mutagenesis hypothesis to explain conversions resulting from allele recombination studies.

A Novel System of Fertility Rescue in Drosophila Hybrids Reveals a Link Between Hybrid Lethality and Female Sterility

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A Barbash ◽  
Michael Ashburner
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Hybrid Lethality ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
Hybrid Female ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Drosophila Gene

Abstract Hybrid daughters of crosses between Drosophila melanogaster females and males from the D. simulans species clade are fully viable at low temperature but have agametic ovaries and are thus sterile. We report here that mutations in the D. melanogaster gene Hybrid male rescue (Hmr), along with unidentified polymorphic factors, rescue this agametic phenotype in both D. melanogaster/D. simulans and D. melanogaster/D. mauritiana F1 female hybrids. These hybrids produced small numbers of progeny in backcrosses, their low fecundity being caused by incomplete rescue of oogenesis as well as by zygotic lethality. F1 hybrid males from these crosses remained fully sterile. Hmr+ is the first Drosophila gene shown to cause hybrid female sterility. These results also suggest that, while there is some common genetic basis to hybrid lethality and female sterility in D. melanogaster, hybrid females are more sensitive to fertility defects than to lethality.

scholarly journals One prophage WO gene rescues cytoplasmic incompatibility in Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dylan Shropshire ◽  
Jungmin On ◽  
Emily M. Layton ◽  
Helen Zhou ◽  
Seth R. Bordenstein
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Drive System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fitness Advantage

AbstractWolbachia are maternally-inherited, intracellular bacteria at the forefront of vector control efforts to curb arbovirus transmission. In international field trials, the cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) drive system of wMel Wolbachia is deployed to replace target vector populations, whereby a Wolbachia– induced modification of the sperm genome kills embryos. However, Wolbachia in the embryo rescue the sperm genome impairment, and therefore CI results in a strong fitness advantage for infected females that transmit the bacteria to offspring. The two genes responsible for the wMel-induced sperm modification of CI, cifA and cifB, were recently identified in the eukaryotic association module of prophage WO, but the genetic basis of rescue is unresolved. Here we use transgenic and cytological approaches to demonstrate that cifA independently rescues CI and nullifies embryonic death caused by wMel Wolbachia in Drosophila melanogaster. Discovery of cifA as the rescue gene and previously one of two CI induction genes establishes a new ‘Two-by-One’ model that underpins the genetic basis of CI. Results highlight the central role of prophage WO in shaping Wolbachia phenotypes that are significant to arthropod evolution and vector control.Significance StatementThe World Health Organization recommended pilot deployment of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes to curb viral transmission to humans. Releases of mosquitoes are underway worldwide because Wolbachia can block replication of these pathogenic viruses and deterministically spread by a drive system termed cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). Despite extensive research, the underlying genetic basis of CI remains only half-solved. We recently reported that two prophage WO genes recapitulate the modification component of CI in a released strain for vector control. Here we show that one of these genes underpins rescue of CI. Together, our results reveal the complete genetic basis of this selfish trait and pave the way for future studies exploring WO prophage genes as adjuncts or alternatives to current control efforts.

scholarly journals The Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in Drosophila melanogaster Immune Defense against Enterococcus faecalis

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne R Chapman ◽  
Maureen A Dowell ◽  
Rosanna Chan ◽  
Robert L Unckless
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
A Genome

Dissecting the genetic basis of natural variation in disease response in hosts provides insights into the coevolutionary dynamics of host-pathogen interactions. Here, a genome-wide association study of Drosophila melanogaster survival after infection with the Gram-positive entomopathogenic bacterium Enterococcus faecalis is reported. There was considerable variation in defense against E. faecalis infection among inbred lines of the Drosophila Genetics Reference Panel. We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with six genes with a significant (p < 10−08, corresponding to a false discovery rate of 2.4%) association with survival, none of which were canonical immune genes. To validate the role of these genes in immune defense, their expression was knocked-down using RNAi and survival of infected hosts was followed, which confirmed a role for the genes krishah and S6k in immune defense. We further identified a putative role for the Bomanin gene BomBc1 (also known as IM23), in E. faecalis infection response. This study adds to the growing set of association studies for infection in Drosophila melanogaster and suggests that the genetic causes of variation in immune defense differ for different pathogens.

scholarly journals The Drosophila melanogaster homologue of the human histo-blood group Pk gene encodes a glycolipid-modifying α1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

2004 ◽  
Vol 382 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján MUCHA ◽  
Jiří DOMLATIL ◽  
Günter LOCHNIT ◽  
Dubravko RENDIĆ ◽  
Katharina PASCHINGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Yeast Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Glycan Receptors ◽  
Cloned Cdna ◽  
Crystal Toxin ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Insects express arthro-series glycosphingolipids, which contain an α1,4-linked GalNAc residue. To determine the genetic basis for this linkage, we cloned a cDNA (CG17223) from Drosophila melanogaster encoding a protein with homology to mammalian α1,4-glycosyltransferases and expressed it in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Culture supernatants from the transformed yeast were found to display a novel UDP-GalNAc:GalNAcβ1,4GlcNAcβ1-R α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity when using either a glycolipid, p-nitrophenylglycoside or an N-glycan carrying one or two terminal β-N-acetylgalactosamine residues. NMR and MS in combination with glycosidase digestion and methylation analysis indicate that the cloned cDNA encodes an α1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. We hypothesize that this enzyme and its orthologues in other insects are required for the biosynthesis of the N5a and subsequent members of the arthro-series of glycolipids as well as of N-glycan receptors for Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin Cry1Ac.

Oligogenic Adaptation, Soft Sweeps, and Parallel Melanic Evolution in Drosophila melanogaster

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héloïse Bastide ◽  
Jeremy D. Lange ◽  
Justin B. Lack ◽  
Yassin Amir ◽  
John E. Pool
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractUnraveling the genetic architecture of adaptive phenotypic divergence is a fundamental quest in evolutionary biology. In Drosophila melanogaster, high-altitude melanism has evolved in separate mountain ranges in sub-Saharan Africa, potentially as an adaptation to UV intensity. We investigated the genetic basis of this melanism in three populations using a new bulk segregant analysis mapping method. Although hundreds of genes are known to affect cuticular pigmentation in D. melanogaster, we identified only 19 distinct QTLs from 9 mapping crosses, with several QTL peaks being shared among two or all populations. Surprisingly, we did not find wide signals of genetic differentiation (Fst) between lightly and darkly pigmented populations at these QTLs, in spite of the pronounced phenotypic difference in pigmentation. Instead, we found small numbers of highly differentiated SNPs at the probable causative genes. A simulation analysis showed that these patterns of polymorphism are consistent with selection on standing genetic variation (leading to “soft sweeps“). Our results thus support a role for oligogenic selection on standing genetic variation in driving parallel ecological adaptation.

scholarly journals Genetic architecture of natural variation in visual senescence in Drosophila

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (43) ◽  
pp. E6620-E6629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anna Carbone ◽  
Akihiko Yamamoto ◽  
Wen Huang ◽  
Rachel A. Lyman ◽  
Tess Brune Meadors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Age Dependent

Senescence, i.e., functional decline with age, is a major determinant of health span in a rapidly aging population, but the genetic basis of interindividual variation in senescence remains largely unknown. Visual decline and age-related eye disorders are common manifestations of senescence, but disentangling age-dependent visual decline in human populations is challenging due to inability to control genetic background and variation in histories of environmental exposures. We assessed the genetic basis of natural variation in visual senescence by measuring age-dependent decline in phototaxis using Drosophila melanogaster as a genetic model system. We quantified phototaxis at 1, 2, and 4 wk of age in the sequenced, inbred lines of the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and found an average decline in phototaxis with age. We observed significant genetic variation for phototaxis at each age and significant genetic variation in senescence of phototaxis that is only partly correlated with phototaxis. Genome-wide association analyses in the DGRP and a DGRP-derived outbred, advanced intercross population identified candidate genes and genetic networks associated with eye and nervous system development and function, including seven genes with human orthologs previously associated with eye diseases. Ninety percent of candidate genes were functionally validated with targeted RNAi-mediated suppression of gene expression. Absence of candidate genes previously implicated with longevity indicates physiological systems may undergo senescence independent of organismal life span. Furthermore, we show that genes that shape early developmental processes also contribute to senescence, demonstrating that senescence is part of a genetic continuum that acts throughout the life span.

scholarly journals Genetic basis for female receptivity in Drosophila melanogaster: a diallel study

Heredity ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Casares ◽  
M C Carracedo ◽  
R Piñeiro ◽  
E San Miguel ◽  
L Garcia-Florez
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Female Receptivity

Genetic Basis of Sexual Isolation in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 120 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Takahashi ◽  
Chau-Ti Ting
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Sexual Isolation
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