II.—A Note on Fossil Plants from the Carboniferous Limestone of Chepstow

1907 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Newell Arber
Keyword(s):  
Trinity College ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Sandy Shale ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone ◽  
Lime Stone

The occurrence of plant-remains in the Lower Carboniferous rocks of England is so rare that the recent discovery of impressions in beds belonging to that series at Chepstow, by my friend and pupil Mr. M. P. Price, B.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge, is worthy of record. Mr. Price has obtained several examples of a Sphenopterid frond and other plant fragments from a bed of sandy shale of about 4 feet in thickness, lying between a red sandstone below and lime-stone beds above, in one of the Pen Moel quarries on the left bank of the Wye, immediately to the north of Chepstow. This locality is mentioned in Dr. Vaughan's recent paper on the palæontological sequence in the Carboniferous Limestone of the Bristol area. That author informs me that he refers the beds in question to the lower portion of the Seminula-zone (S1 of his classification) on the evidence of the fauna.

scholarly journals VI.—On the Old Red Sandstone and Carboniferous Rocks of the North—East of the Island of Arran

1896 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
James Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Flora ◽  
The West ◽  
Geological Society ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Sandy Shale ◽  
Marine Fossils ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone

In the Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society (vol. v, p. 316) will be found a notice of a section at Lochrim Burn, a quarter of a mile south of Corrie, where is exposed a bed of red sandy shale containing marine fossils. The catalogue contains fifteen species (certified by Mr. John Young, LL.D.), and every one of these is common in the Carboniferous Limestone series of the West of Scotland. This bed is overlain by another bed containing abundant plant-remains, of which a list of seven species is given. The Rev. D. Landsborough, of Kilmarnock, found here another, viz. Carpolithes sulcatus, L. and H. (“Fossil Flora,” pl. ccxx), which Mr. Kidston considers to be characteristic of the Calciferous Sandstone series. It seems to me, however, that the evidence is rather in favour of these beds belonging to the Limestone series. Then, as already noted, there are the fireclays, of which I have observed several distinct beds along the Corrie shore. There is also a bed of fireclay in the old quarry behind Corrie Hotel (within 100 feet of the Productus giganteus limestone); this overlies a bed of fine white sandstone. Fireclays also occur in the gap between the northern and the great eastern cliff.

scholarly journals X. The fossil flora of the culm measures of North-west Devon, and the palœobotanical evidence with regard to the age of the beds

1905 ◽  
Vol 197 (225-238) ◽  
pp. 291-325 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Fossil Flora ◽  
The South ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Plant Remains

The deposits of Upper Palæozoic age in the south-west of England differ remarkably in their general characters from those developed on the north side of the Bristol Channel. This conclusion applies not only to the Devonian rocks, but also to the succeeding Carboniferous series. In South Wales and Monmouth, the Devonian beds are of the Old Red Sandstone type, whereas, the Devonian succession of North Devon exhibits a marked, though not an entire change, in both petrological characters and palæontological facies; a change which becomes even more marked in the series of limestones, volcanic, and detrital deposits developed in the southern portion of that county. The South Wales coalfield, the largest and most important productive measures in this country, consists of a sequence of coal-bearing strata, resting upon beds of Lower Carboniferous age, for the most part similar in character to those occurring in our other English coalfields. In Devonshire, and in portions of the neighbouring counties of Somerset and Cornwall, a Carboniferous basin of considerable size is developed, occupying more than 1,200 square miles. In many important respects these rocks again differ somewhat markedly from their equivalents in South Wales. They form a succession of deposits of a somewhat abnormal type; being composed of sediments of extremely varied nature and origin, both detrital and organic. They are especially characterised by a general absence of carbonaceous material of any economic importance. These Carboniferous rocks are spoken of as the Culm Measures, a name first applied to them by Sedgwick and Murchison in 1837. These authors in their classic memoir, published in 1840, gave the first accurate description of the physical structure of the beds, and proved conclusively their Carboniferous age. It may be pointed out, however, that De la Beche, in 1834, was the first to indicate the Upper Carboniferous age of that portion of the Culm Measures which forms the subject of this memoir; his conclusion being based on plant remains identified by Professor Lindley. De la Beche also added considerably to our knowledge of the Culm Measures in his ‘Report on the Geology of Cornwall and Devon,’ published in 1839. Since then, John Phillips, Holl, T. M. Hall, and others, and, in more recent times, Messrs. Hinde and Fox, and Mr. Ussher, have all contributed important information on this subject.

XXI.—The Tholeiites and Dolerites of the Dalmahoy Syncline

1927 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Campbell ◽  
James W. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Volcanic Zone ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
The Core ◽  
The North ◽  
Hill District ◽  
Lower Division ◽  
North Western

The shallow synclinal fold termed the Dalmahoy syncline is situated between the north-western flank of the Pentland Hills and the Murieston fault, the most southerly of the five important easterly and north-easterly dislocations which traverse the oil-shale field of West Lothian. The core of the syncline is occupied by rocks belonging to the lower division of the Oil-Shale Group of the Lower Carboniferous. Intervening between these and the Cement-stone Group is a volcanic zone, probably on the same horizon as the Arthur's Seat lavas, consisting mainly of mugearites and basalts which show their greatest development in the Corston Hill district. Along the whole of the southern limb of the syncline is an extensive spread of Upper Old Red Sandstone, but this formation is almost entirely cut out in the northern limb by the Murieston fault, appearing only in the core of a small anticline near Selms.

XXVI.—A Late-Celtic and Romano-British Cave-dwelling at Wookey-Hole, near Wells, Somerset

Archaeologia ◽  
1911 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Balch ◽  
R. D. R. Troup
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Sense ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
North West ◽  
Limestone Cave ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone ◽  
Great Mass

The great cavern of Wookey-Hole is situated two miles to the north-west of the city of Wells, in the centre of Somerset, and immediately adjacent to the thriving- village which has taken the name of the cavern, and has depended for its prosperity on the existence of the copious and usually pellucid stream, which here bursts forth from Mendip's hidden reservoirs. This is the source of the Axe, which winds its way through the lower lands, and after uniting with the sister stream of Cheddar, flows into the sea near Weston-super-mare. From Wookey-Hole the southern slope of Mendip rises in an unbroken sweep till it reaches a thousand feet above the sea, commanding a magnificent view to the east, south, and west. It is not a limestone cave in the ordinary sense of the word, since every known cavity in the immediate vicinity is not in the Carboniferous Limestone, but in the Dolomitic Conglomerate, which here attains enormous thickness. To the north, the great mass of Carboniferous Limestone, receiving the water of innumerable springs from the Old Red Sandstone and Shales and from a generous rainfall, engulfs it in a countless number of swallets, many of which are insignificant, whilst some of the larger have been opened by our exploring parties during the past few years, and followed through unimagined beauties to profound depths.

I.—Fossil Fishes in the Devonian Rocks of North Devon

1919 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inkermann Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Fossil Fish ◽  
Fish Remains ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Special Notice

The Devonian rocks in Devon, like those of the Old Red Sandstone of which they are the equivalents, have been divided into three groups. Mr. T. M. Hall, writing in 1879, quoted no less than five separate classifications suggested for the beds of North Devon, nor has uncertainty been removed by the conclusions arrived at by geologists since that date. But we may for present purposes take the following as the nearest approach to a generally accepted succession:—While examining the rocks of the Middle and Upper series for fossil plants during the past eleven years (1907–18), the results of which have already in part been published, other discoveries were made incidental to the work of collection of plant remains. Among these the discovery of fossil fish remains seems worthy of special notice.

XXIV.—On Old Red Sandstone Plants showing Structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part I. Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani, Kidston and Lang

1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kidston ◽  
W. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
The North ◽  
Public Road ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Rhynie Chert ◽  
The Right

The chert of the Muir of Rhynie, containing plant-remains, was discovered by Dr W. MACKIE of Elgin while investigating the sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Craigbeg and Ord Hill which occur in that area. The original discovery was made on loose specimens, built into the dykes or scattered over the fields, especially those lying to the north of the road which runs from Rhynie to Cabrach, and east and west of the right-of-way that here connects Windyfield Farm with the public road.

II.—Geology and Petrology of the Intrusions of the Kilsyth-Croy District, Dumbartonshire

1909 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
Bare Rock ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Intrusive Rocks ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone

The group of intrusions of which this paper treats is a part of a series of intrusive rocks piercing the Carboniferous starta of the Midland Valley of Scotland. As a rule, they have forced their way into the Carboniferous Limestone Series in layers roughly parallel to the stratification. At the surface they stand out as rough, craggy hills, often of considerable elevation, rising abruptly out of the plain of the Carboniferous sediments, and frequently ending off in a vertical escarpment of bare rock. They generally confront, at a distance of 1 or 2 miles, the terraced escarpments of Lower Carboniferous lavas, which bound the Midland Valley on the north, west, and south-west.

scholarly journals Vi. Contributions to the knowledge of lower carboniferous plants. - Part III. - On the fossil-flora of the black limestones in Teila Quarry, Gwaenysgor, near Prestatyn, Flintshire, with special references to Diplopteridium teilianum KIDSTON sp. (gen, nov.) and some other fern-like fronds

1931 ◽  
Vol 219 (462-467) ◽  
pp. 347-379 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Fossil Flora ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone

Kidston (1889) described a small collection of fossil-plants from the Black Limestones exposed in a quarry at Teilia Farm close to Gwaenysgor, a village lying about one mile South of Prestatyn in Flintshire. From the vertical distribution elsewhere of the species found at Teilia he concluded that the flora was of Lower Carboniferous Age and that it compared more closely with the flora of the Calciferous Sandstone Series than with that of the Carboniferous Limestone Series of the Lower Carboniferous Succession of the Scottish and Northumberland area. In 1924 I found on visiting the quarry that the plant-bearing beds were still fairly accessible, although the quarry had not been worked for many years and was considerably overgrown with vegetation. With the grant kindly placed at my disposal by this Society, I had the beds opened up and obtained a fairly large collection of fossil-plants and animals. This collection enables me to add considerably to the list of species recorded by Kidston in 1889 and to extend our knowledge of the morphology of several plants of Lower Carboniferous Age. Several new species were found and descriptions of these will be given.

XVII.—Contributions to the Study of the Old Red Sandstone Flora of Scotland. VIII. On Arthrostigma, Psilophyton, and some associated Plant-remains from the Strathmore Beds of the Caledonian Lower Old Red Sandstone

1933 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Lower Horizon ◽  
Plant Remains

It is well known that there are two distinct horizons in the Caledonian Lower Old Red Sandstone which contain abundant plant-remains (Evans, 1929). At the lower horizon of the Carmyllie and Cairnconnan Beds the flora consists, so far as is clearly known, of Pachytheca, Nematophyton, Parka, and one vascular plant, Zosterophyllum myretonianum (Lang, 1927). In certain greenish-grey flags and sandstones of the Strathmore Beds near the summit of the stratigraphical succession fragmentary plant-remains are abundant along a line stretching from Rosemount, south of Blairgowrie, through Murthly, Glenalmond, Callander, and Balloch, to near Brodick in Arran. From these beds a small but quite distinct assemblage of fossil plants is known. Pachytheca is clearly recorded. The well-defined remains of vascular plants have so far all been referred to Arthrostigma gracile, Dawson, and Psilophyton princeps, Dawson. References to Psilophyton robustius occur, but there is no evidence that the type of plant distinguished from Gaspé under that name has been found in the Strathmore Beds.

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