V.—Notes on Geological Sections, within Forty Miles Radius of Southport

1883 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 500-507
Author(s):  
Charles E. De Rance
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Lake District ◽  
North Wales ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
The One ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone ◽  
Sea Coast

Striking a radius of 40 miles from Southport, the line will be seen to intersect the sea-coast near the Silurian districts of Ulverstone in North Lancashire, and Colwyn Bay in North Wales. The succession in both cases is very similar, Denbighshire Grits and Flags of the one area corresponding in time to the Coniston Grits and Flags of the other; and just as the Silurians of the Lake District are overlaid by a fringe of Carboniferous Limestone, so the Silurians of Diganwy are overlaid by the Carboniferous Limestone of the Great and Little Ormes Head. Laid upon a floor of Silurian rocks, the Carboniferous Limestone may be regarded as extending continuously under the Irish Sea, and underlying the various Carboniferous and Triassic rocks now occupying Lancashire.

scholarly journals VI.—On the Millstone Grit of the North Wales Border

1870 ◽  
Vol 7 (68) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
D. C. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Irish Sea ◽  
Eastern Slope ◽  
Natural Boundary ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Great Western Railway ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone

The Millstone Grit of the North Wales Border follows the eastern slope of the Carboniferous Limestone, from Crickheath and Sweeney, South of Oswestry, to the shores of the Irish Sea; it is also thrown up into the range of hills which the traveller by the Great Western Railway may see to the west of the line between Oswestry and Chester. This range serves as a natural boundary between this part of England and Wales, and forms a second line of natural fortification, strengthened on the English side by numerous outposts of low hills of clay, gravel, and sand, which give place, upon the Welsh side, to precipitous escarpments of Mountain Limestone, beyond which the change in the language, dress, and manners of the people is marked and sudden.

scholarly journals Sedgwick Museum Notes. A New Azygograptus from North Wales

1922 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 299-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertrude L. Elles
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Lake District ◽  
North Wales ◽  
The One

The graptolite here described was discovered first in the St. Tudwal's peninsula by Mr. T. C. Nicholas in 1912 in the Llanengan Mudstones, but it was not then regarded as distinct from Azygog. lapworthi, though it seemed to possess certain features not recognizable in the Lake District specimens, the only area from which that species had been previously recorded. The discoveryof numerous other specimens by Dr. Matley in the Lleyn peninsula and by Dr. Greenly in the Bangor area has served to show that the characters wherein this species differed from Azygog. lapworthi are permanent and of specific value, and since, moreover, it occurs at a distinctly higher horizon than Azygog. lapworthi, being characteristic of about the middle of the zone of Didymog. extensus, a description of it seems advisable. In general it has been noted that it is in many respects intermediate in character between Azygog. lapworthi on the one hand and Azygog. suecicus on the other, and it is perhaps significant that it occurs upon an horizon between the two.

scholarly journals Morphological abnormality in thornback ray Raja clavata in the Irish Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Irish Sea ◽  
Beam Trawl ◽  
Morphological Abnormality ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Head Section ◽  
Thornback Ray ◽  
Raja Clavata ◽  
The Irish Sea

AbstractA free-swimming thornback ray Raja clavata specimen demonstrating significant morphological abnormality is reported, captured by beam trawl in the Irish Sea off north Wales, UK. The anterior sections of both pectoral fins were separated from the head section for a length of approximately 140 mm extending from the rostrum tip to a point posterior of the spiracles, along with abnormal morphology of the gill slits. This phenomenon has been observed elsewhere but is the first documented example of this abnormality in the eastern Irish Sea, despite widespread targeting of the species across the region by commercial and recreational fishers. Possible causes and consequences of the observed abnormality are discussed.

scholarly journals IV.—On the Drifts of the West and South Borders of the Lake District, and on the Three Great Granitic Dispersions

1871 ◽  
Vol 8 (85) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mackintosh
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Lake District ◽  
The West ◽  
Boulder Clay ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
Sea Cliff

Boulder-scars.—From Maryport to Parkgate, the E. coast of the Irish Sea at intervals exhibits accumulations or concentrations of large boulders, which are locally called scars. They may be seen in all stages of formation, from the denudational area, where they are in course of being left by the washing away of the clayey matrix, to the depositional area, where they have become half-covered with recent sand and shingle. In many places (as between Seascale and near Silecroft) there are so many boulders within a small area as to show that a considerable thickness of the clay must have been removed. With the exception of having tumbled down as the cliffs were undermined and worn back by the sea, many of the boulders may still rest nearly in the positions they occupied in the clay, but (as is evidenced on the coast at Parkgate) others, up to a great diameter, may have been shifted horizontally. Some of the scars exist where the Boulder-clay would appear to have risen up into ridges or mounds, as no clay is now found opposite to them at the base of the sea-cliff. Others are clay and boulder plateaux, visibly connected with the cliff-line. Most of the scars, I believe, are remnants of the great Lower Brown Boulder-clay. The most conspicuous boulder in the scars S.W. of Bootle, is Eskdale-fell granite, accompanied by a little Criffell granite, and a great number of the usual felspathic erratics.

From midden to megalith? The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in western Britain

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Transition Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Neolithic Transition ◽  
Isle Of Man ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
The Irish Sea

The transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic in Britain and Ireland remains one of the most debated and contested transitions of prehistory. Much more complex than a simple transition from hunting and gathering to farming, the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in Britain has been discussed not only as an economic and technological transformation, but also as an ideological one. In western Britain in particular, with its wealth of Neolithic monuments, considerable emphasis has been placed on the role of monumentality in the transition process. Over the past decade the author‧s research has concentrated on the early Neolithic monumental traditions of western Britain, a deliberate focus on areas outside the more ‘luminous’ centres of Wessex, the Cotswold–Severn region, and Orkney. This chapter discusses the transition in western Britain, with an emphasis on the monuments of this region. In particular, it discusses the areas around the Irish Sea – west Wales, the Isle of Man, south-west and western Scotland – as well as referring to the sequence on the other side of the Irish Sea, specifically eastern Ireland.

scholarly journals A Summary of the Work done by the Liverpool Marine Biology Committee during 1885–87

1888 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
W. A. Herdman
Keyword(s):  
Marine Biology ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Biological Investigation ◽  
Liverpool Bay ◽  
Scientific Organisation ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Work Done

The Liverpool Marine Biology Committee was formed in March, 1885, for the purpose of investigating thoroughly the Fauna and Flora of Liverpool Bay and the neighbouring parts of the Irish Sea. The aim of the Committee is not merely to draw up an accurate list of the species found in this locality, but also to observe and record the relative numbers, the size, the colours, and the condition generally of the specimens, the exact localities in which they are found, the other species of animals and plants associated with them, and their mutual relations as food, enemies, or competitors. In this way it is hoped that a mass of observations will be accumulated which may be of use in determining the geographical distribution of various forms, the nature of the conditions which influence species, and the relations existing between the different plants and animals. It was felt at the outset that this work was exactly that department of biological investigation which could be best carried out by an organised body of workers who would subdivide the area to be investigated, and the groups of animals and plants to be worked up between them, and would carry on systematic observations year after year, sending in periodic reports upon their work. The value, in fact the absolute necessity, of this organisation, division of labour, and systematic arrangement, for the successful accomplishment of the objects in view, has been felt all along by the members of the Committee and those naturalists who have worked with them; and the results attained so far have, I think, fully justified their belief in the benefit to be derived from scientific organisation.

scholarly journals Four-Point Mooring

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
K. G. Lees
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
The Other ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Thames Estuary ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Underwater Television ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
First Time ◽  
Compression Chamber

H.M.S. Reclaim was built in 1948 by Simons & Co. of Renfrew as a salvage ship of the King Salvor class but altered before completion for her role as a deep diving vessel. She established world deep diving records in 1948 (536 ft., 163 m.) in Loch Fyne, the diver wearing a standard diving dress and breathing a mixture of oxygen and helium, and in 1956 (600 ft., 183 m.) off Norway. In 1964 she carried out a series of dives to 600 ft. for one hour, off Toulon, the divers wearing lightweight self-contained equipment. In 1950 she located the sunk submarine Truculent in the Thames estuary and in 1964 the submarine Affray, when underwater television was used for the first time. In 1966 she recovered a crashed Viscount aircraft in the Irish Sea. Reclaim is now engaged in trials which will eventually permit diving for prolonged periods to 1000 ft., and therefore anywhere on the Continental Shelf.Two divers are lowered to the sea-bed in a submersible compression chamber equipped with underwater lighting and television and in telephonic communication with the ship. While one diver swims out of the chamber to undertake the required task the other acts as attendant. The chamber when hoisted aboard under pressure is locked on to another chamber in the ship's hold, where the divers carry out the process of decompression which may take several hours.H.M.S. Reclaim encounters some unique navigation and seamanship problems when engaged in deep diving.

scholarly journals Certain Effects of Glacial Events in the Vale of Glamorgan, South Wales

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (44) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
C. B. Crampton
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone

AbstractIn South Wales there is evidence for two phases of intense glaciation and an interglacial phase during the Pleistocene. During the closing stages of the earlier glaciation in the west of the Vale of Glamorgan two overflow channels were cut by melt water from an ice lobe off the Glamorgan upland, abutting against ice from the Irish Sea. During retreat, ice from the Irish Sea and local ice deposited material on the Lower Lias outcrop on which two contrasting soils developed. Soils normally associated with a Mediterranean climate developed locally on the outcrop of the Carboniferous Limestone during the interglacial phase.

The Practicalities of Communication between Northumbrian and Irish Churches, c.635–735

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
The One

This chapter examines the relation between Northumbrian and Irish churches during the period between 635 and 735. It suggests that the journeys of churchmen between Ireland and Northumbria were in some ways inextricably linked with those of their lay counterparts and that the development of major ecclesiastical establishments during the seventh and early eighth centuries added a new dimension to trans-Irish Sea contact. The chapter also explains why the trans-Irish Sea contact did not cease in 664 when formal links between Lindisfarne on the one hand, and Iona and the Columban churches in Ireland, on the other, were terminated.

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