scholarly journals VI—On the Cause of the Depression and Re-Elevation of the Land During the Glacial Period

1882 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Jamieson

In England the ice seems to have been heaviest in Wales and the N.W., and lightest on the East and S.E., where it appears to have thinned off altogether, and the evidence of depression corresponds with this. If we draw a line from Dover to Anglesea, we find proof of great submergence in Wales, decreasing to zero as we approach the English Channel. and Prof. Hughes of Cambridge, in a recent paper “On the Evidence of the Later Movements of Elevation and Depression in the British Isles,” read before the Victoria Institute, says: “As we trace these movements north to the borders of the mountains, we find evidence of greater sinking and greater elevation.”

1893 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 277-279
Author(s):  
James D. Hardy

I quite agree with the submergence of the British Isles during the last or any Glacial period; but I totally disagree with the theory that there has been any such depression of the land as is generally put forward by geologists. Where is the evidence of such depression? Certainly not since Pliocene times, unless the whole of Great Britain sunk and rose simultaneously like the parallel motion of a beam engine. Such a motion would imply not only a surface movement, but also a sinking of all underlying strata.


1956 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Henri Breuil

During the years between 1932–40 I went many times to Carnac (Morbihan) to visit megaliths in that neighbourhood and copy the decorations on them. I was astonished to note, amongst the chipped stone tools in the museum there, a very small yellowish flint bifaced implement picked up by Zachary Le Rouzic on the island of Téviec, noted for the excavations and magnificent Mesolithic discoveries of M. and Mme. St.-Just Péquart. This, of course, was not a tool from their Mesolithic site, but was a stray find from the island, where it was found by Le Rouzic in the gravelly section near the neck of land joining the Quiberon peninsula. Téviec consists of two islands divided by a narrow channel of sea. The section is opposite to the mainland, on the bigger island forming the edge of this channel. It shows threé beds of sea-worn pebbles of medium and small size; the upper two beds are separated by red sand. In the uppermost bed, the pebbles have taken a vertical position, similar to those in the upper part (the so-called head) of the lower raised beaches of the English Channel. This phenomenon is due to the cryoturbation during a glacial period. The upper bed is pre-Würmian, though not necessarily very much so, for it suffered through cryoturbation during the Würmian stage. The angles of the stone implement are sharp, i.e. it had not been rolled—and it came therefore from the red sandy bed, that is from a late stage in the Riss-Würm, when the sea slightly retreated between two periods of slight rises in sea-level. This implement thus has some importance owing to its geological position. I visited the site with Zachary Le Rouzic on the ioth October, 1936, but I found no sign of worked stone tools in any of these levels, which are very slightly above the modern sea-level.


Author(s):  
Stéphane Jettot ◽  
Vincent Meyzie

Among many, one the Atlantic history’s achievements has been to reconnect the metropolis to their colonial territories. There is still much work to be done, notably in France where the scholarship has for long been divided between the ancient regime specialists and the colonial historians. John Pocock’s Atlantic Archipelago has been instrumental in the creation of a new British history, which looks out to the open seas. But in retrospect, the Atlantic turn also helps to form a new understanding of the relations between France and Britain. The notion of otherness that has been famously used by Linda Colley to describe the Anglo-British enmities was first used to describe relations between the Europeans and non-Europeans in a colonial context. Furthermore, connected and transnational histories that have been applied to the Atlantic are now put to good use to Franco-British case. Comparisons between bordering regions appear to be at least as significant as national entities. The growth of a more European outlook is also having an impact on the old Franco-British couple. Relocated in a wider continental context, their relations are no longer described as the long and straight duel dating back from the Middle Age. As the limits of a strictly national approach became more apparent, more attention has been dedicated to the cultural transfers and the multifaceted circulation of individuals and knowledge. While the existence of hostile sentiments was beyond doubt, there was a wide gamut of transactions that united the French, the English, the Irish, and the Scottish in one way or another. As for the large time span, it starts with two major political upheavals, the first British Revolution and the Fronde and ends with the Industrial and the French Revolutions, the famous “dual Revolution” vindicated by E. Hobsbawm, which could be felt from both sides of the English Channel up to the French Revolution. Although 1640 and 1789 are no longer seen as definitive watershed, they still constitute a convenient time frame to elaborate on a very dynamic subject.


1952 ◽  
Vol 139 (896) ◽  
pp. 426-447 ◽  

In 1948 gravity measurements were made in a submarine at forty-three stations in the English Channel and at Portland, Devonport, Gosport and Cherbourg. There are also five stations in the area at which measurements were made in 1946. The anomalies are shown to be compatible with an interpretation of existing knowledge of the Mesozoic geology of the Channel basin provided that reasonable assumptions are made. An area of strong negative anomalies off the French coast in the Cherbourg-Le Havre area extends about half-way across the Channel. These must be explained by intracrustal masses. The anomalies show the same trend to positive values in the west as is found in the British Isles and northern France.


Author(s):  
J. H. Dickson

SynopsisBetula is well represented in the Pleistocene deposits of the British Isles; B. nana is often recovered from glacial sediments and tree Betula flourished early and late in the interglacial periods. In western and northern Britain, tree Betula has remained important in the forests since the last glacial period.


Author(s):  
Brycchan Carey

This chapter synthesises evidence from a wide range of primary and secondary sources concerning slavery and the slave trade in the Western English Channel. It argues that Cornwall and the Channel Islands, despite their special claims to distinctiveness and detachment from the slave trade, were not in fact innocent bystanders, remote from the centres of trade and power, but were instead as fully involved in the slave economy as any other part of the British Isles. It shows that enslaved and free Africans visited both regions, and that Channel Islanders and Cornish people invested in the slave trade, owned slaves, participated on both sides of the abolition debate, and wrote about slavery in a wide variety of literary and other publications. It concludes that the experience of Cornwall and the Channel Islands serves as a powerful reminder that no region or community in Britain had a special exemption from the nation’s imperial project.


The Geologist ◽  
1863 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 168-178
Author(s):  
William King

The classification given in the sequel is based on the following premises:—1st. The entire area of the British Isles has undergone at different times, during the Glacial and Post-Glacial periods, a succession of secular elevating and subsiding movements.2nd. At the close of the Pliocene period, the relative level of land and sea over the British area was approximately the same as at present.3rd. The edge of the two-hundred-fathoms submarine plateau, on the east side of the North Atlantic, formed the west coast-line of a continent (now represented by Europe) during the earliest time (epoch) of the Glacial period.4th. The climate of the British area was frigid in the extreme during the Glacial period, allowing epochs of amelioration.5th. Rock-surfaces undergo enormous degradation when they are above the sea-level, during the prevalency of glaciation.


1893 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Edward Hull

The question of the submergence of the British Isles during, at least, one stage of the Glacial period, is deserving of careful consideration by geologists. Until the visit of the late lamented Prof. Carvill Lewis to this country, no one, as far as I am aware, questioned the view that the British Isles have been submerged to a depth, in some places, amounting to 1300 or 1400 feet—this being the level at which shell-beds are found in some parts of England, Wales, Ireland.


1893 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mellard Reade

The new school of glacial geology has found a champion in Mr. Percy Kendall, who,inten pages of this MAGAZINE (November, 1892, pp. 491–500), attempts a reply to some of my criticisms. Since then Dr. G. F. Wright's work, entitled “Man and the Glacial Period,” has made its appearance, and in this Mr. Kendall is allowed 44 pages to explain his views of the glacial phenomena of the British Isles.


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