Early Cretaceous vertebrates from the Xinlong Formation of Guangxi (southern China): a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINYOU MO ◽  
ERIC BUFFETAUT ◽  
HAIYAN TONG ◽  
ROMAIN AMIOT ◽  
LIONEL CAVIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
The South ◽  
Jehol Biota ◽  
Oxygen And Carbon Isotope ◽  
Se Asia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Vertebrate Assemblage

AbstractThe vertebrate assemblage from the Early Cretaceous non-marine Xinlong Formation of the Napai Basin, in the south-western part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (southern China), is reviewed. The assemblage includes chondrichthyans (at least six species of hybodont sharks includingHybodus, Thaiodus, HeteroptychodusandAcrorhizodus), actinopterygians (Halecomorphi and Ginglymodi), turtles (the adocidShachemysand the carettochelyidKizylkumemys), crocodilians (cf.Theriosuchus) and dinosaurs (the sauropodsFusuisaurusandLiubangosaurus, carcharodontosaurid and spinosaurid theropods, iguanodontians and a possible psittacosaurid). This assemblage shows many similarities to those from non-marine formations of the Khorat Group of north-eastern Thailand. It seems to be particularly close to that from the Khok Kruat Formation, considered as Aptian in age, as shown especially by sharks and turtles and by the presence of iguanodontians. An Aptian age is therefore proposed for the Xinlong Formation. A study of the stable oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of reptile apatite suggests that this part of South China experienced subtropical arid conditions during the deposition of the Xinlong Formation. In its composition, the vertebrate fauna from the Xinlong Formation seems to be more similar to coeval faunas from SE Asia than to assemblages from northern China (including the Jehol Biota). Although this may partly reflect different depositional and taphonomic environments (fluvial for the Xinlong Formation versus lacustrine for the Jehol Biota) it seems likely that, during Early Cretaceous time, southern China and SE Asia were part of a distinct zoogeographical province, different from that corresponding to northern China. This may be the result of both climatic differences (with relatively cool climates in northern China versus a subtropical climate in the south) and geographical barriers such as mountain chains.

Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Weathering in Northern China: Relationship between Paleoclimate Change and the Phased Evolution of the Jehol Biota

2011 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tohru Ohta ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Hiromichi Hirano ◽  
Takashi Sakai ◽  
Takeshi Kozai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Jehol Biota ◽  
Paleoclimate Change

scholarly journals Presence of the Jehol Biota turtle <i>Ordosemys liaoxiensis</i> in the Early Cretaceous Hengtongshan Formation of southern Jilin Province, China

Fossil Record ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Fu Zhou ◽  
Wen-Hao Wu ◽  
Márton Rabi
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Yixian Formation ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Jehol Biota ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Vertebrate Assemblage

Abstract. Recently, a vertebrate assemblage of the Jehol Biota has been reported from the Early Cretaceous Hengtongshan Formation of Xingling Town, Meihekou City, Jilin Province, China. It is dominated by the fishes Lycoptera and Sinamia and the sinemydid turtle Ordosemys. Here, we describe the turtle specimens and referral to Ordosemys liaoxiensis, otherwise known from the older Yixian Formation of the Jehol Biota. It is characterized by a subcircular shell, wide vertebral scales, well-developed plastral fenestrae, and a major contribution from the xiphiplastra to enclose the hypo-xiphiplastral fenestra. As the first Mesozoic turtle of Jilin Province, this record represents the first tetrapod to indicate the presence of the Jehol Biota in the region. Given the geographic and temporal distance from the Yixian Formation, future collections from the Hengtongshan Formation have good potential for evaluating spatiotemporal patterns of the Jehol Biota.

scholarly journals An unusual bird (Theropoda, Avialae) from the Early Cretaceous of Japan suggests complex evolutionary history of basal birds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Imai ◽  
Yoichi Azuma ◽  
Soichiro Kawabe ◽  
Masateru Shibata ◽  
Kazunori Miyata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
First Record ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Jehol Biota ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Evolutionary History

AbstractThe Early Cretaceous basal birds were known largely from just two-dimensionally preserved specimens from north-eastern China (Jehol Biota), which has hindered our understanding of the early evolution of birds. Here, we present a three-dimensionally-preserved skeleton (FPDM-V-9769) of a basal bird from the Early Cretaceous of Fukui, central Japan. Unique features in the pygostyle and humerus allow the assignment of FPDM-V-9769 to a new taxon, Fukuipteryx prima. FPDM-V-9769 exhibits a set of features comparable to that of other basalmost birds including Archaeopteryx. Osteohistological analyses indicate that FPDM-V-9769 is subadult. Phylogenetic analyses resolve F. prima as a non-ornithothoracine avialan basal to Jeholornis and outgroup of the Pygostylia. This phylogenetic result may imply a complex evolutionary history of basal birds. To our knowledge, FPDM-V-9769 represents the first record of the Early Cretaceous non-ornithothoracine avialan outside of the Jehol Biota and increases our understanding of their diversity and distribution during the time.

Characteristics and Mechanisms of the Subseasonal Eastward Extension of the South Asian High

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (17) ◽  
pp. 6799-6822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejuan Ren ◽  
Dejian Yang ◽  
Xiu-Qun Yang
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Diabatic Heating ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
South Asian High ◽  
The South ◽  
Normal Rainfall ◽  
Anomalous Heating

Abstract This study investigates the features of eastward extension of the South Asian high (SAH) and its connection with diabatic heating and rainfall over eastern Asia on subseasonal time scales. The causes of SAH’s eastward extension are examined by potential vorticity (PV) diagnosis with emphasis on the joint role of diabatic heating feedback and midlatitude wave train. The SAH’s eastward extension features eastward propagation of a wave train across Eurasia. Among the wave train, the migration of weak high from the western flank of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) to the east of TP contributes to the SAH’s eastward extension at the early stage. When the SAH approaches its easternmost position, a strong negative PV (positive geopotential height) center prevails to the east of the TP at 200 hPa. The associated anomalies in diabatic heating and rainfall include the anomalous heating and above-normal rainfall over the South China Sea (SCS) and subtropical western Pacific occurring 12 days before the SAH’s easternmost stretch, and then anomalous cooling and below-normal rainfall over the southern foot of the TP and southern China and heating and above-normal rainfall over the northern TP and northern China a week later. The anomalous heating and ascending motion over the northern TP and northern China act to increase negative PV locally at 200 hPa. The cooling and descending induce positive PV over southern China. The north–south dipolar structure of PV anomaly with the climatological northerly flow is favorable to southward advection of a negative PV anomaly at 200 hPa. The anomalous heating over the SCS–western Pacific helps to develop a below-normal rainfall condition over southern China via inducing a lower-level anomalous cyclone over coastal region. These processes are conducive to the SAH’s eastward extension at its later stage.

The Exorcism of the Salt Ponds at Xie

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barend J. ter Haar
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Salt Ponds ◽  
The South ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Way

The historical Guan Yu came from a village in Xie Prefecture (modern Yuncheng) in the south of the modern province of Shanxi, close to one of the main salt producing sites of traditional China. From the early twelfth century onwards a new type of worship for Lord Guan was transmitted throughout southern China by Daoist exorcist specialists, which was motivated by a story about his successful defeat of a demon causing mishap in the salt ponds of Xie. The Daoist connection of the deity was much stronger than the Buddhist one, but this was the Daoism of ritual practice, rather than the philosophical approaches as some may construct them from the Book of the Way and the Virtue that is ascribed to Laozi. A substantial numbers of temple foundations in southern China in particular can be explained through this Daoist connection.

Spatial variation of East Asian winter monsoon evolution between northern and southern China since the last glacial maximum

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Qin Li ◽  
Haibin Wu ◽  
Jun Cheng ◽  
Shuya Zhu ◽  
Chunxia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asian Winter Monsoon ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Winter Monsoon ◽  
Asian Winter Monsoon ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is one of the most dynamic components of the global climate system. Although poorly understood, knowledge of long-term spatial differences in EAWM variability during the glacial–interglacial cycles is important for understanding the dynamic processes of the EAWM. We reconstructed the spatiotemporal characteristics of the EAWM since the last glacial maximum (LGM) using a comparison of proxy records and long-term transient simulations. A loess grain-size record from northern China (a sensitive EAWM proxy) and the sea surface temperature gradient of an EAWM index in sediments of the southern South China Sea were compared. The data–model comparison indicates pronounced spatial differences in EAWM evolution, with a weakened EAWM since the LGM in northern China but a strengthened EAWM from the LGM to the early Holocene, followed by a weakening trend, in southern China. The model results suggest that variations in the EAWM in northern China were driven mainly by changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, whereas orbital insolation and ice sheets were important drivers in southern China. We propose that the relative importance of insolation, ice sheets, and atmospheric CO2 for EAWM evolution varied spatially within East Asia.

scholarly journals Association between obesity and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in the middle-aged and elderly population of Southern and Northern China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e040214
Author(s):  
Shan Qin ◽  
Anping Wang ◽  
Shi Gu ◽  
Weiqing Wang ◽  
Zhengnan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
The South ◽  
Northern Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio

ObjectiveThe relationship between obesity and albuminuria has not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between obesity and the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) in Southern and Northern China.DesignA descriptive, cross-sectional study.SettingEight regional centres in REACTION (China’s Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals, a lONgitudinal study), including Dalian, Lanzhou, Zhengzhou, Guangzhou, Guangxi, Luzhou, Shanghai and Wuhan.ParticipantsA total of 41 085 patients who were not diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and had good compliance were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Patients who were diagnosed with CKD, who had other kidney diseases that could lead to increased urinary protein excretion, who were using angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and whose important data were missing were excluded.ResultsParticipants with both, central and peripheral obesity, had a higher risk of elevated UACR, even after adjusting for multiple factors (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.12, p<0.001), and the risk of high UACR in the South was more prominent than that in the North (OR South: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.34; OR North: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.22, p<0.001). The risk was also elevated in the male population, hypertensive individuals, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)≥6.5% and age ≥60 years in the South. Besides the above groups, diabetes was also a risk factor for the Northern population.ConclusionsIn China, people with both central and peripheral obesity are prone to a high UACR, and the southern population has a higher risk than northern population. Factors such as male sex, hypertension, HbA1c≥6.5% and an age ≥60 years are also risk factors for CKD.

scholarly journals Development of revised diagnostic criteria for Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome in a Chinese population

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-319343
Author(s):  
Peizeng Yang ◽  
Wanyun Zhang ◽  
Zhijun Chen ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Guannan Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Southern China ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
Tree Algorithms ◽  
Vitreous Opacities ◽  
Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome

Background/aimsFuchs’ uveitis syndrome (FUS) is one of the frequently misdiagnosed uveitis entities, which is partly due to the absence of internationally recognised diagnostic criteria. This study was performed to develop and evaluate a set of revised diagnostic criteria for FUS.MethodsThe clinical data of Chinese patients with FUS and patients with non-FUS were collected and analysed from a tertiary referral centre between April 2008 and December 2020. A total of 593 patients with FUS and 625 patients with non-FUS from northern China were enrolled for the development of diagnostic criteria for FUS. Three hundred and seventy-seven patients with FUS and 503 patients with non-FUS from southern China were used to validate the criteria. Clinical symptoms and ocular signs were collected from all patients with FUS and patients with non-FUS. Multivariate two-step cluster analysis, logistic regression and decision tree algorithms in combination with the clinical judgement of uveitis experts were used to revise diagnostic criteria for FUS.ResultsThree essential findings including diffuse iris depigmentation, absence of posterior synechiae, mild inflammation in the anterior chamber at presentation and five associated findings including mostly unilateral involvement, cataract, vitreous opacities, absence of acute symptoms and characteristic iris nodules were used in the development of FUS diagnostic criteria. All essential findings were required for the diagnosis of FUS, and the diagnosis was further strengthened by the presence of associated findings.ConclusionRevised diagnostic criteria for FUS were developed and validated by analysing data from Chinese patients and showed a high sensitivity (96.55%) and specificity (97.42%).

scholarly journals Connection between Anomalous Zonal Activities of the South Asian High and Eurasian Summer Climate Anomalies

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (22) ◽  
pp. 8249-8267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Shi ◽  
Weihong Qian
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
South Asian High ◽  
The South ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Air Column ◽  
Air Temperature Anomalies

Abstract Using the daily mean anomalies of atmospheric variables from the NCEP Reanalysis-1 (NCEP R1), this study reveals the connection between anomalous zonal activities of the South Asian high (SAH) and Eurasian climate anomalies in boreal summer. An analysis of variance identifies two major domains with larger geopotential height variability located in the eastern and western flanks of the SAH at around 100 and 150 hPa, respectively. For both eastern and western domains, extreme events are selected during 1981–2014 when normalized height anomalies are greater than 1.0 (less than −1.0) standard deviation for at least 10 consecutive days. Based on these events, four SAH modes that include strong and weak Tibetan modes (STM and WTM, respectively) and strong and weak Iranian modes (SIM and WIM, respectively) are defined to depict the zonal SAH features. The positive composite in the eastern (western) domain indicates the STM (SIM) manifests a robust wavelike pattern with an anomalous low at 150 hPa, and surface cold and wet anomalies over Mongolia and northern China (Kazakhstan and western Siberia) are surrounded by three anomalous highs at 150 hPa and surface warm and dry anomalies over Eurasia. Opposite distributions are also evident in the negative composites of the two domains (WTM and WIM). The surface air temperature anomalies are the downward extension of an anomalous air column aloft while the precipitation anomalies are directly associated with the height anomalies above the air column.

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