The Oppressive Elements in Religion and the Religions of the Oppressed

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 397-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Long

In 1912, Ernst Troeltsch published a memorial review article for William James entitled “Empiricism and Platonism in the Philosophy of Religion.” This article which deals with James' The Varieties of Religious Experience is still the clearest succinct statement of James' position within the context of the general problems of Western philosophies of religion.

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-316
Author(s):  
David J. Zehnder

This essay argues that the American psychologist and philosopher William James should be viewed in the Lutheran Reformation’s tradition because this viewpoint offers the hermeneutical key to his philosophy of religion. Though James obviously didn’t ascribe to biblical authority, he expressed the following religious sensibilities made possible by Martin Luther and his contemporaries: 1) challenge of prevailing systems, 2) anti-rationalism, 3) being pro-religious experience and dynamic belief, 4) need for a personal, caring God, and also 5) a gospel of religious comfort. This essay asks, in one specific form, how religious concerns can hold steady over time but cause very different expressions of faith.


2021 ◽  
pp. 001258062110167
Author(s):  
Christian Stoll

The article analyzes from the case of Friedrich von Hügel what the special interest of Roman Catholic Modernism in mysticism was about. Different from major tendencies in modernist research, it places his work in the framework of the discourse on “religious experience” around 1900. This way it becomes visible that von Hügel’s account of mysticism was shaped to a great extent by scholars from a liberal Protestant background, such as William James, Rudolf Eucken, and Ernst Troeltsch. In engaging these scholars, von Hügel was able to develop his own concept of the “mystical element” of religion from the perspective of a Catholic believer. The case of von Hügel suggests that Roman Catholic Modernism in general should be studied more in connection with its scientific setting outside Catholic theology.


2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (122) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Luís H. Dreher

A partir de um estudo da noção de “apriori religioso” no pensamento de E. Troeltsch, o artigo procura expor um acesso clássico ao tema da experiência religiosa. Após uma introdução que situa o tema entre filosofia e ciência da religião, prossegue-se com uma contextualização desta noção na matriz da filosofia da religião de Troeltsch. Constata-se a seguir a relação da discussão neokantiana da “validade” com a ideia de uma necessidade transcendental da religião. Diante da hipótese de um racionalismo redutor, verificam-se três acepções do termo em Troeltsch, ao que se segue o exame mais detido do apriori propriamente dito. Temas cruciais que aí surgem são: (1) a retomada idealista do conceito de liberdade, numa revisão crítica de Kant; e a (2) a incidência mútua entre problemas do historicismo ou da metafísica religiosa e dimensões irracionais ou decisionísticas surgidas em torno de um apriori especificamente religioso. Conclui-se “que o conceito não está superado enquanto indicação de um problema que permanece” para a filosofia da religião.Abstract: This paper aims at presenting a classical approach to the issue of religious experience by studying the notion of “religious apriori” in E. Troeltsch’s thought. After an introduction that situates the discussion at the crossroads between philosophy and the science of religion, it moves on to a contextualization of this notion within the framework of Troeltsch’s philosophy of religion. The paper then underlines the relationship between the Neo-Kantian scrutiny of “validity” and the transcendental necessity of religion. Next, in order to shun the hypothesis of a reductionistic rationalism, the three meanings of Troeltsch’s notion are analyzed, to be followed by a focus on the religious apriori itself. Two important themes emerge: (1) the idealistic recapturing of the concept of freedom, in a critical revision of Kant’s main thrust; (2) the mutual impact between historicist and religious-metaphysical issues on the one hand, and the irrational and decisionistic dimensions related to an specifically religious apriori, on the other. The paper concludes that, as far as the philosophy of religion is concerned, “the concept is not obsolete as it signals an enduring problem”.


1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Anders Jeffner

From time to time one comes across pronouncements about the difference between English and German philosophy of religion. Such statements often sound plausible enough, but in my experience they will not stand up to any very close inspection. Let me, anyway, take an example of a general pronouncement regarding the relationship between German and English philosophy, a pronouncement which the author applies particularly to philosophy of religion. In The Varieties of Religious Experience, William James states:The Continental schools of philosophy have too often overlooked the fact that man's thinking is organically connected with his conduct.


2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-224
Author(s):  
Katja Thörner

In this paper I will show that you can distinguish two main types of argumentation in respect to feeling and emotions in the philosophy of religion of William James, which point to two different kind of criticism of religion. Especially in his early works, James argues that you may lawfully adopt religious beliefs on the basis of passional grounds. This argumentation points to a type of criticism of religion, which denies that beliefs based on such emotional grounds may be justified. In his famous study The Varieties of Religious Experience, James defines religious experience as an experience of inner conversion, where the individual gets in touch with a higher self. The philosophical interpretation of religious experience points not at least to a type of criticism of religion in the tradition of Ludwig Feuerbach, which is known as the theory of projection.


Perspectiva ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Sérgio Coutinho Matos ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Cunha

Este artigo analisa as concepções educacionais de William James no livro Talks to teachers on psychology, de 1899, no qual se encontra a noção de ensino como arte. Para ampliar o entendimento dessa noção, recorre-se às reflexões feitas por James no livro The varieties of religious experience, de 1902. O artigo tem por objetivo revitalizar as concepções jamesianas visando a contribuir com autores que discutem criticamente as tendências dominantes hoje na educação.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo De Freitas Araújo ◽  
Aldier Félix Honorato

William James é uma figura central na história da psicologia e da filosofia. Entretanto, a interpretação de sua obra ainda está repleta de lacunas e mal-entendidos. Por exemplo, a extensão e o sentido do seu projeto psicológico permanecem mal compreendidos. Para muitos autores, James teria abandonado a psicologia após The Principles of Psychology (1890), ao passo que outros entendem o The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902) como obra psicológica. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar a questão da evolução do projeto psicológico de James, acompanhando diversos momentos de sua manifestação ao longo de sua carreira. Ao final, vamos defender aquilo que chamamos de tese da pervasividade, segundo a qual a psicologia está presente em toda a obra de James.


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