John Chrysostom on Almsgiving and the Use of Money

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake Leyerle
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rhetorical Strategy ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
The One ◽  
Real Wealth

Few themes so dominate the homilies of John Chrysostom (ca. 347–407 CE) as the plight of the poor and the necessity of almsgiving. His picture of the poor, however, is always set against the prosperous marketplace of late antiquity. It seems therefore scarcely surprising that his sermons on almsgiving resound with the language of investment. With such imagery, Chrysostom tried not only to prod wealthy Christians into acts of charity but also, and perhaps more importantly, to dislodge his rich parishioners from their conviction that an uncrossable social gulf separated them from the poor. The rhetorical strategy he used is typical of all his polemical attacks. On the one hand, he denigrated the pursuit of money and social status as fundamentally unattractive; it is both unchristian and unmasculine. On the other hand, he insisted that real wealth and lasting prestige should indeed be pursued, but more effectively through almsgiving. I shall first examine how Chrysostom effected this recalculation of wealth, and then I shall turn to the question of whether there may have been some advantage for him in pleading so eloquently on behalf the poor.

Die „Erfindung“ der Barmherzigkeit im Alten Israel. Biblische und nachbiblische Perspektiven

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-306
Author(s):  
Shimon Gesundheit
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One

Abstract For quite a long time it has been part of the opinio communis within Hebrew Bible scholarship that compassion and empathy with persona miserae is in its very meaning invented by Ancient Israel. This view has been challenged by a comparative study of Frank C. Fensham. The present article shows on the one hand that care for the poor, widows and orphans is in fact not innovative. On the other hand, a closer analysis is able to show that the biblical and Jewish care for the strangers, slaves and animals is indeed unique.

Serbia

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-66
Author(s):  
Yossi Harpaz
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dual Citizenship ◽  
Representative Case ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Hungarian Language ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
The Eu

This chapter explores the case of Hungarian dual citizenship in Serbia as a representative case of compensatory citizenship that is created on the basis of coethnic ties. Since 2011, Hungary has offered dual citizenship to cross-border Hungarians living in neighboring countries. However, coethnic dual citizenship has complicated and contradictory effects on Serbia's Hungarian minority. On the one hand, they enjoy access to Europe, as well as elevated social status in Serbia. On the other hand, the proliferation of EU passports makes it easier for young Hungarians to emigrate, shrinking this beleaguered population even further. Meanwhile, thousands of ethnic Serbs have also begun to study the Hungarian language. They hope to take advantage of Hungary's generosity toward Hungarian speakers in order to thereby gain access to the EU.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Aaron S. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Making Meaning ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Religious Dimensions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One

On the one hand, this book about Jewish traditions and food functions as the focal point for examining different forms of Judaism. On the other hand, this book is also a study of what we might call the religious dimensions of food and the case of Judaism serves as an exemplum. The introduction considers the advantages of understanding a religion through the detour of food and asks what counts as “Jewish food.” It argues that food in general provides a wieldy symbolic field that is called upon to construct sex and gender, social status, and race and to distinguish humans from other animals. Religion and food are always intermixed, and examining this intermixture in Judaism can provide some insights into a more-or-less universal human process of making meaning. Insights from Jewish scholars of food or food studies, including Warren Belasco, Noah Yuval Harari, Sidney Mintz, and Marion Nestle, are engaged.

Adam Smith on What Is Wrong with Economic Inequality

2016 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENNIS C. RASMUSSEN
Keyword(s):  
Adam Smith ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Commercial Society ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree

This article explores Adam Smith's attitude toward economic inequality, as distinct from the problem of poverty, and argues that he regarded it as a double-edged sword. On the one hand, as has often been recognized, Smith saw a high degree of economic inequality as an inevitable result of a flourishing commercial society, and he considered a certain amount of such inequality to be positively useful as a means of encouraging productivity and bolstering political stability. On the other hand, it has seldom been noticed that Smith also expressed deep worries about some of the other effects of extreme economic inequality—worries that are, moreover, interestingly different from those that dominate contemporary discourse. In Smith's view, extreme economic inequality leads people to sympathize more fully and readily with the rich than the poor, and this distortion in our sympathies in turn undermines both morality and happiness.

scholarly journals Proper name-marking via liaison in French

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-652
Author(s):  
Natascha Pomino ◽  
Elisabeth Stark
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Relevant Point ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
The One

Abstract The liaison consonant [z] in French noun phrases has traditionally been assumed to function as a plural marker. The realization of “plural [z]” in N(oun)-A(djective)-combinations is becoming, however, very rare in naturalistic data – except for contexts which allow a proper-name reading. On the one hand, one might think that we are dealing with a recent phenomenon, the beginning of a potential linguistic change in French in the sense of exaptation, reuse of former morphophonological material such as plural markers to signal proper-namehood in the sense of ‘frozen morphology’. If this turns out correct, we expect the productivity of the new synchronic function to increase: New NA-combinations which function as proper names should be realized systematically with liaison, and proper name-marking via liaison should also become possible with other liaison consonants. On the other hand, we may be dealing with a (completed) diachronic process, in that only those NA-combinations which allowed liaison at the relevant point in time may have a liaison consonant in their univerbalized form. That is, new NA-combinations, even though they are used as proper names, do not display a liaison consonant, because liaison is no longer possible. The purpose of this paper was to investigate, based on empirical studies, whether liaison productively marks NA-combinations which function as proper names and distinguishes them from NA-combinations that count as common nouns, or whether we are dealing with a completed diachronic process. In view of the poor productivity observed, we argue that we are dealing with cases of univerbation.

scholarly journals Våldets estetik. Estetisk praxis, social distinktion och filmbytande unga män

1970 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Göran Bolin
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Cultural Artifacts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Bourdieu, filmswappers and the æsthetics of video nasties The article discusses different ways of arguing cultural value among Swedish Film Swappers. Against a background of theories on caste as a structuring principle for social status, the author discusses on the one hand a countercultural aesthetic strategy aimed at legitimating otherwise illegitimate cultural artifacts such as video nasties (videofilms with graphically explicit depictions of phy- sical violence) by either incorporating them into the legitimate film canon, or by replacing the legitimate canon with a new canon based on such films, and on the other hand a subcultural strategy that refuses to discuss the films in terms of art and legitimacy at all.  

scholarly journals "Rustici" y bagaudas en Vasconia: la elección de un vocablo en Hidacio / XXX

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Mikel Pozo Flores
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Intellectual Production ◽  
Classical Subject

This work looks at the classical subject of 5th Century Historiography, the famous Bagaudae Conflict mentioned in Hydatius' Chronicle. Having briefly introduced the events and historiographical explanations, we will analyze the texts by looking at the features of intellectual production in the Late Antiquity. To be precise, we will study the meaning of the term bagaudae in work by other authors prior to Hydatius, in particular Orosius, and the parallelisms in the accounts of these authors. On the one hand we look to confirm the existence of a certain consolidated tradition amongst the intellectuals of the Antiquity in the meaning and usage of the term and on the other hand, hold that Hydatius did not refer to bagaudae as rebel peasants, as was hitherto maintained, but as a certain type of local troop known as rustici. This interpretation is in line with the decisive role that the rustici had in the evolution of Post-Roman Vasconia according to an in depth explanation being prepared for publication.

Pelagonius and Columella

Antichthon ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 72-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Horse doctors of the Roman period were often, but not always, of low social status. On the one hand we hear of ueterinarii I mulomedici who were slaves or freedmen, but on the other hand the Greek-speaking Theomnestus was the friend of an emperor (probably Licinius), and accompanied him on an expedition: note particularly Hipp. Ber. 34.12, CHG I, p. 183.22 f. . Apsyrtus too, whatever his date, was a of some status.

scholarly journals Damned if You Do and Damned if You Don't

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-70
Author(s):  
Steve Dilley ◽  
Nicholas Tafacory
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Biology Textbooks ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Biology Majors

We argue that a number of biology (and evolution) textbooks face a crippling dilemma. On the one hand, significant difficulties arise if textbooks include theological claims in their case for evolution. (Such claims include, for example, ‘God would never design a suboptimal panda’s thumb, but an imperfect structure is just what we’d expect on natural selection.’)  On the other hand, significant difficulties arise if textbooks exclude theological claims in their case for evolution.  So, whether textbooks include or exclude theological claims, they face debilitating problems. We attempt to establish this thesis by examining 32 biology (and evolution) textbooks, including the Big 12—that is, the top four in each of the key undergraduate categories (biology majors, non-majors, and evolution courses). In Section 2 of our article, we analyze three specific types of theology these texts use to justify evolutionary theory. We argue that all face significant difficulties. In Section 3, we step back from concrete cases and, instead, explore broader problems created by having theology in general in biology textbooks. We argue that the presence of theology—of whatever kind—comes at a significant cost, one that some textbook authors are likely unwilling to pay.  In Section 4, we consider the alternative: Why not simply get rid of theology? Why not just ignore it? In reply, we marshal a range of arguments why avoiding God-talk raises troubles of its own. Finally, in Section 5, we bring together the collective arguments in Sections 2-4 to argue that biology textbooks face an intractable dilemma.  We underscore this difficulty by examining a common approach that some textbooks use to solve this predicament. We argue that this approach turns out to be incoherent and self-serving. The poor performance of textbooks on this point highlights just how deep the difficulty is. In the end, the overall dilemma remains.

Locke and the Fundamental Right to Preservation: on the Convergence of Charity and Property Rights

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-215
Author(s):  
Juliana Udi
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Principle Of Charity ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relief System

AbstractLooking to the relatively recent “religious turn” in Locke scholarship, this paper argues for an interpretation that reconciles two apparently contradictory aspects of his thought: on the one hand, property rights, thought absolute by many of Locke's readers; on the other hand, Locke's notion of duties of charity. On the basis of a rereading of the “Essay on the Poor Law,” I argue that Lockean charity may ground coercively enforceable distributive obligations. Nevertheless, I contend that the redistributive poor-relief system grounded on the principle of charity does not infringe property rights. The reason for this is that the right to charity and the right to property are both based on Locke's theological commitment to the right of each man to the means of preservation.

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